• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권1호통권72호
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• pp.14-27
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• 1995

32종의 한국산 버섯을 석유에테르, 80% 에탄올 및 증류수로 각각 추출하여 항진균 활성을 검색한 결과, 수원그물버섯, 거친껄껄이그물버섯, 나팔버섯, 해면버섯, 주걱간버섯 및 석이버섯의 에탄올 추출물 그리고 큰낙엽버섯의 석유에테르 추출물이 효모에 대하여 활성을 보였다. 특히 석이버섯의 에탄올 추출물은 C. neoformans균에 큰 활성을 보였으며, 그 MIC 값은 $600\;{\mu}g/ml$ 이었다. 애광대버섯, 거친껄껄이그물버섯, 나팔버섯, 해면버섯, 주걱간버섯, 큰낙엽버섯 및 석이버섯의 에탄올 추출물과 석유에테르 추출물은 곰팡이에 대하여 각각 항균활성을 보였다. 또한 나팔버섯의 에탄올 추출물은 M. gypseum균에 대하여 $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ 이었고, 석이버섯의 에탄올 추출물은 T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum 및 P. oryzae균에 대하여 각각 $300\;{\mu}g/ml,\;600\;{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $600\;{\mu}g/ml$ 였으며, 이 버섯의 석유에테르 추출물은 M. gypseum균에 대하여 $300\;{\mu}g/ml$의 MIC 값을 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of ex vivo MR diffusion tensor imaging technique in order to observe the diffusion-contrast characteristics of human gastric tissues. On normal and pathologic gastric tissues, which have been fixed in a polycarbonate plastic tube filled with 10% formalin solution, laboratory made 3D diffusion tensor Turbo FLASH pulse sequence was used to obtain high resolution MR images with voxel size of $0.5{\times}0.5{\times}0.5mm^3\;using\;64{\times}32{\times}32mm^3$ field of view in conjunction with an acquisition matrix of $128{\times}64{\times}64$. Diffusion weighted- gradient pulses were employed with b values of 0 and $600s/mm^2$ in 6 orientations. The sequence was implemented on a clinical 3.0-T MRI scanner(Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a home-made quadrature-typed birdcage Tx/Rx rf coil for small specimen. Diffusion tensor values in each pixel were calculated using linear algebra and singular value decomposition(SVD) algorithm. Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) and fractional anisotropy(FA) map were also obtained from diffusion tensor data to compare pixel intensities between normal and abnormal gastric tissues. The processing software was developed by authors using Visual C++(Microsoft, WA, U.S.A.) and mathematical/statistical library of GNUwin32(Free Software Foundation). This study shows that 3D diffusion tensor Turbo FLASH sequence is useful to resolve fine micro-structures of gastric tissue and both ADC and FA values in normal gastric tissue are higher than those in abnormal tissue. Authors expect that this study also represents another possibility of gastric carcinoma detection by visualizing diffusion characteristics of proton spins in the gastric tissues.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2012

This study investigated the hydrogen storage properties of Zr-Based $AB_{2-x}M_x$ metal hybride made by HCS (Hydriding Combustion Synthesis). The materials were prepared by HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$, These materials were activated at 298 K under 20 bar. Both HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg and HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm were absorbed within 1 minute. In the case of the $AB_2$, it was perfectly absorbed within 6 minutes. Then, the materials were evaluated to obtain P-C-T (Pressure-Composition-Temperature) curves at 298K. As a result, the hydrogen storage capacity of HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ were determined to be 1.2, 1.6 and 1.74 wt%, respectively. The activation energy and rate controlling step were calculated by the Johnson-Mehl Avrami equation. The activation energies of HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ were 26.91, 20.45, and 60.41 kJ/mol, respectively. Also, the values of ${\eta}$ in the Johnson-Mehl Avrami equation for HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-20 wt% Mg, HCS 80 wt% $AB_2$-15 wt% Mg-5 wt% Mm and pure Zr-Based $AB_2$ are 0.60, 0.51, and 0.44. So, the rate controlling steps which indicate hydrogen storage mechanism are an one dimensional diffusion process.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.403-406
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• 2018

Floating-Harbor syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with SRCAP mutation. To date, approximately 50 cases of Floating-Harbor syndrome have been reported, but none have been reported in Korea yet. Floating-Harbor syndrome is characterized by delayed bony maturation, unique facial features, and language impairment. Here, we present a 6-year-old boy with a triangular face, deep-set protruding eyes, low-set ears, wide nose with narrow nasal bridge, short philtrum, long thin lips, clinodactyly, and developmental delay that was transferred to our pediatric clinic for genetic evaluation. He showed progressive delay in the area of language and cognition-adaption as he grew. He had previously undergone chromosomal analysis at another hospital due to his language delay, but his karyotype was normal. We performed targeted exome sequencing, considering several syndromes with similar phenotypes. Library preparation was performed with the TruSight One sequencing panel, which enriches the sample for about 4,800 genes of clinical relevance. Massively parallel sequencing was conducted with NextSeq. An identified variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the patient and his parents. Finally, the patient was confirmed as the first Korean case of Floating-Harbor syndrome with a novel SRCAP (Snf2 related CREBBP activator protein) mutation (c.7732dupT, p.Ser2578Phefs*6), resulting in early termination of the protein; it was not found in either of his healthy parents or a control population. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a boy with Floating-Harbor syndrome with a novel SRCAP mutation diagnosed by targeted exome sequencing in Korea.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 여름철에 농업용수(벼농사용)로서 집중적으로 지하수를 사용하는 지역에서 시기별 지하수 사용에 따른 지하수 수질변화를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구지역은 충남 홍성군 양곡리와 신곡리 일부를 포함하는 면적 2.83 ㎢(283.3 ha)에 해당하는 지역이다. 연구지역 지하수 수질의 공간적 분포 및 시간적 변화 특성 평가를 위하여 2019년 2회(7월, 10월)에 걸쳐 지하수 관정(21개소)에 대하여 조사 및 분석을 수행하였다. 지하수 샘플은 현장에서 온도(T), pH, 용존산소(DO) 및 전기전도도(EC), 산화환원전위(Eh) 등을 측정하였고, 실험실에서 주요 양이온 및 미량원소(Ca, Mg, Na, K, Si, Sr), 음이온(F, Cl, Br, NO₂, NO₃, PO₄, SO₄), 알칼리도, 용존 유기탄소(DOC)와 용존 유기물(DOM) 등을 분석하였다. 지하수 수질조사 결과, 전체의 14~15개소(67~71%)가 Ca-HCO₃ 유형으로 분류되었으며, 다음으로는 Ca-Cl 유형이 4~5개소(19~24%)가 관찰되었다. 얕은 심도의 관정에서 상대적으로 심도가 깊은 관정보다 대부분 성분(TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO₄, HCO₃, DOC)에서 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 지하수의 수질자료를 이용하여 다변량통계분석법인 주성분분석(PCA: Principal Components Analysis)과 계층적 군집분석(HCA: Hierachical Cluster Anlaysis)를 수행한 결과, 초기 3개 주요 고유성분(eigenvalue)는 PC1 54.0%, PC2 14.2%, PC3 12.3%로 전체 분산의 88.3%를 설명할 수 있었다. PC1은 Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO₄, DOC가 주요한 영향 인자였으며 PC2는 HCO₃, NO₃, DO에 영향 받음을 확인하였다. 계층적 군집분석 결과, 연구지역 지하수는 Na-Cl 유형의 C-3 관정을 제외하고는 크게 두 그룹으로 구분되어 졌다. 다변량통계분석의 결과에서도 수리지화학, 동위원소, 용존유기물 등의 특성에서 나타나는 것과 유사한 연구지역의 수질특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구지역은 차시기 동안 수질변화는 일부 관정을 제외하고는 유의할 만한 수준으로 관찰되지는 않았고, 지하수 사용에 따른 지하수위 회복도 빠르게 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1266-1278
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• 2021

Objective: We aimed to compare the aortic valve area (AVA) calculated using fast high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition with that of the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cine MR technique. Materials and Methods: We included 139 consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 68.5 ± 9.4 years) with aortic valvular stenosis (AS) and 21 asymptomatic controls (52.3 ± 14.2 years). High-resolution T2-prepared 3D steady-state free precession (SSFP) images (2.0 mm slice thickness, 10 contiguous slices) for 3D planimetry (3DP) were acquired with a single breath hold during mid-systole. 2D SSFP cine MR images (6.0 mm slice thickness) for 2D planimetry (2DP) were also obtained at three aortic valve levels. The calculations for the effective AVA based on the MR images were compared with the transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) measurements using the continuity equation. Results: The mean AVA ± SD derived by 3DP, 2DP, and TTE in the AS group were 0.81 ± 0.26 cm², 0.82 ± 0.34 cm², and 0.80 ± 0.26 cm², respectively (p = 0.366). The intra-observer agreement was higher for 3DP than 2DP in one observer: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91), respectively, for observer 1 and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), respectively, for observer 2. Inter-observer agreement was similar between 3DP and 2DP, with the ICC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.93), respectively. 3DP-derived AVA showed a slightly higher agreement with AVA measured by TTE than the 2DP-derived AVA, with the ICC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91) vs. 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.89). Conclusion: High-resolution 3D MR image acquisition, with single-breath-hold SSFP sequences, gave AVA measurement with low observer variability that correlated highly with those obtained by TTE.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2024

Purpose: Research on rib fracture management has exponentially increased. Predicting fracture patterns based on the mechanism of injury (MOI) and other possible correlations may improve resource allocation and injury prevention strategies. The Chest Injury International Database (CIID) is the largest prospective repository of the operative and nonoperative management of patients with severe chest wall trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MOI is associated with the resulting rib fracture patterns. We hypothesized that specific MOIs would be associated with distinct rib fracture patterns. Methods: The CIID was queried to analyze fracture patterns based on the MOI. Patients were stratified by MOI: falls, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), motorcycle collisions (MCCs), automobile-pedestrian collisions, and bicycle collisions. Fracture locations, associated injuries, and patient-specific variables were recorded. Heat maps were created to display the fracture incidence by rib location. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1,121 patients with a median RibScore of 2 (range, 0-3) and 9,353 fractures. The average age was 57±20 years, and 64% of patients were male. By MOI, the number of patients and fractures were as follows: falls (474 patients, 3,360 fractures), MVCs (353 patients, 3,268 fractures), MCCs (165 patients, 1,505 fractures), automobile-pedestrian collisions (70 patients, 713 fractures), and bicycle collisions (59 patients, 507 fractures). The most commonly injured rib was the sixth rib, and the most common fracture location was lateral. Statistically significant differences in the location and patterns of fractures were identified comparing each MOI, except for MCCs versus bicycle collisions. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of injury result in distinct rib fracture patterns. These different patterns should be considered in the workup and management of patients with thoracic injuries. Given these significant differences, future studies should account for both fracture location and the MOI to better define what populations benefit from surgical versus nonoperative management.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of farm, type of sow Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire, LY; Yorkshire${\times}$ Landrace, YL; Yorkshire${\times}$Yorkshire, YY and multi-cross bred sow, MBS), parity, farrowing year, farrowing season and mating method on reproductive traits such as total number born per litter, number of born alive per litter, number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter, number of stillbirth. The Reproductive Records of 3,387 litters from January, 1999 to September, 2002 were obtained from four pig farms managed by Electronic Data Processing(EDP) system. Reproductive performances for two types of F1 Sows(YL and LY) were estimated as 11.34${\pm}$0.266 and 11.57${\pm}$0.263 heads for total number of born per litter, 10.56${\pm}$0.216 and 11.81${\pm}$0.251 heads for number of born alive per litter, and 10.05${\pm}$0.131 and 9.96${\pm}$0.153 heads for number of weaned per litter, respectively. These records are significantly higher(P〈0.05) than those of YY and MBS. However, number of mummified per litter, number of stillborn per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter, number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter and estrus interval did not show significant difference between types of sows. There were more total number of born per litter and number of weaned per litter in year 2001 than other year. As year passed, number of dead by crush per litter, number of dead by diarrhea per litter and number of dead by other reasons during lactating period per litter reduced from 0.18${\pm}$0.023 to 0.07${\pm}$0.022 head, 0.12${\pm}$0.21 to 0.02${\pm}$0.020 head and 0.43${\pm}$0.041 to 0.22${\pm}$0.040 head, respectively and weaning rate increased from 0.94${\pm}$0.005% to 0.97${\pm}$0.005%. The total number of born per litter and number of born alive per litter were higher(P〈0.05) in the case of mating twice than mating once. The number of weaned per litter, number of mummified per litter and number of stillborn per litter were not significant(P〈0.05) between mating methods. Estrus interval was shorter on the occasion of twice artificial insemination(5.24${\pm}$0.153days) than twice natural mating(6.51${\pm}$0.466days).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2008

본 연구는 가축분 퇴비의 가공에 따른 품질 및 이용성을 향상시키는 기술을 개발하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 펠렛퇴비의 가공효과 개선 및 관련 기술 개발 그리고 퇴비 이용성 개선이 본 과제 수행에 있어 핵심적 해결요소이다. 본 과제 수행에 있어 지금까지 도출된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 펠렛퇴비 최적가공조건 설정시험 결과, 돈분발효퇴비의 펠렛가공 효과는 재료의 구성과 혼합을 그리고 퇴비원료의 수분함량에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 스쿠루 형태의 제조방법이나 펄렛밀 형태의 제조방법을 취하는 경우, 두 방법 모두 펠렛화 과정에 따른 퇴비중의 양분손실 현상은 크게 나타나지 않았다. 3. 가공온도가 높고 계분이 함유된 처리구에서 암모니아 발생정도가 가장 높았고 동일한 수준의 돈분뇨 퇴비를 함유한 시험구의 경우, 가공온도와 암모니아 발생량이 정의 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 판단된다. 단 첨가재로 이용된 물질이 가공단계에서 퇴비재료의 pH를 상승시키는 역할을 할 경우 암모니아 발생을 촉진한다. 4. 정상상태의 실온에 보관하였을 경우 펄렛퇴비의 중량은 점차 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 펠렛퇴비 중량의 경우 가공 후 최초 15일 까지는 시간의 흐름에 비례하는 감소하는 경향을 보이고 그 이후부터는 감소율이 낮아지는 결과를 보인다. 펠렛퇴비의 중량감소 정도는 원재료의 구성보다는 경과일수에 영향을 더 받는다. 부피도 시간의 흐름에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보이는데 중량변화보다는 그 변이가 크지 않은 결과를 보였다. 5. 돈분퇴비와 패각을 혼합한 처리구의 내압축력이 상대적으로 낮았던 반면에 돈분과 계분퇴비에 버섯배지와 패각 그리고 미강을 혼합하여 제조한 펠렛퇴비의 내압축적이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2001

목 적 : 많은 방광요관역류 환아에서 유전적인 경향이 보고되고있으며 외국의 보고에 의하면 20-50$\%$ 정도로 알려져 있다. 따라서 무증상 가족의 방광요관역류의 발견은 신손상을 예방하는데 중요하다. 이에 우리나라 소아에서 방광요관역류의 가족력을 조사하고 이에 미치는 여러 가지 요소를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 고려대학교 소아과에 내원한 방광요관역류 환아 중 조사에 동의한 27가족을 대상으로 하였으며 형제자매는 BUN, Cr, 소변검사, 소변배양검사, 배뇨성 요도방광조영술과 DMSA Scan을 시행하였고 부모는 배뇨성 요도방광조영술을 제외한 위의 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 27 가족을 대상으로 하였으며 총 79명이었다. 이 중 환아는 27명(3.03세${\pm}$3세, 1개월-9세), 형제 자매 20명(3.9세${\pm}$2.8세, 1-11세1 부모 32명(32.3세${\pm}$4.8세, 21세-42세)이었다. 2) 27가족 중 이상이 발견된 가족은 7가족(25.9$\%$), 총 8명이었으며 모두 무증상이었다. 이 중 방광요관역류가 발견된 경우는 5명이었으며 부모 중 3명은 DMSA Scan상 이상이 발견되었다. 3) 환아 중 가족의 이상이 발견된 7명을 A군 나머지를 B군으로 할 때, a. 양군의 GFR은 차이가 없었다. b. A군에서 DMSA상 더 심한 반흔을 관찰할 수 있었으며(P<0.05) 역류의 정도와는 비례하지 않았다. c. 양군에서 일측성과 양측성의 차이는 없었다. 4) 형제자매에서 방광요관역류가 발견된 경우 환아의 DMSA Scan상 이상이 발견될 확률이 높았다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 방광요관역류의 가족력은 25.9$\%$에서 발견되었으며 역류와 더불어 신장의 반흔이 발견된 경우 가족력을 보이는 경우가 많아 방광요관역류 환자 특히 신반흔이 있는 한자의 경우 증상이 없어도 가족에 대한 조사가 꼭 필요할 것으로 생각된다.