• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide better knowledge on the behavior of strong axis SRC column-RC beam joint, supported by experimental results, that can be broadly applicable to many structures. For this purpose, firstly literature reviews and field survey were made to classify the most commonly used for these types of joints. Then, experimental program was designed and performed including 6 SRC column-RC beam joint specimens designed with various joint details. Using the experimental results obtained from the quasi-static cyclic tests, structural performances of the joints such as hysteretic curves, maximum strength capacities, strength degradation beyond the maximum strength, ductilities, and energy dissipation capacities were investigated. Test results showed that specimens with wide beam shape (RCW-P, RCW-W, RCW-F) and T beam shape (RCT-W) showed better structural performances than the bracket type specimens (HBR-L, HBR-S). These specimens also revealed to have higher strength capacities than the nominal design strength. However, H beam bracket type specimens (HBR-L, HBR-S) need further study both analytically and experimentally to verify the reason for unexpected structural performances.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of denture cleansers on Candida albicans biofilm formation over resilient liners and to evaluate compatibility between resilient liners and denture cleansers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Acrylic resin (Lucitone 199$^{(R)}$) and 3 resilient liners (COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH TOUGH$^{(R)}$) were incubated in denture cleansers (Polident$^{(R)}$ and Cleadent$^{(R)}$) for 8 hours a day and in unstimulated saliva for 16 hours a day (n=25/gp) for 60 days. Two-way and three-way repeated measures ANOVA were performed to compare the surface roughness (Ra), pH and C. albicans binding level by radioisotope (${\alpha}$=0.05). The statistical significance of the relation between Ra and adhesion was evaluated by correlation analysis. RESULTS. The degree of Ra was significantly decreased in the following order: COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, acrylic resin, GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$. The immersion in denture cleansers significantly increased Ra of resilient liners, except for SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$ in Cleadent$^{(R)}$. No significant differences in pH curves were observed among groups immersed in distilled water and denture cleansers. The binding levels of C. albicans were significantly decreased in the following order: COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, GC RELINE$^{TM}$, SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$, and acrylic resin. The immersion in Cleadent$^{(R)}$ seemed to decrease C. albicans binding level on GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$. CONCLUSION. Based on the C. albicans binding levels results, it is not recommended to immerse COE-SOFT$^{TM}$ in denture cleansers, and GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$ should be immersed in Cleadent$^{(R)}$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.224-237
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• 1990

A single uniform population of specific, saturable, high affinity binding site of $[^3H]QNB$ guinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) was identified in the rat cerebral microsomes. The Kd value(37.2 pM) for $[^3H]QNB$ calculated from the kinetically derived rate constants was in agreement with the Kd value(48.9 pM) determined by analysis of saturation isotherms at various receptor concentrations. Dimenhydrinate(DMH), histamine $H_1-blocker$, increased Kd value for $[^3H]QNB$ QNB without affecting the binding site concentrations and this effect resulted from the ability of DMH to slow $[^3H]QNB-receptor$ association. Pirenzepine inhibition curve of $[^3H]QNB$ binding was shallow(nH = 0.52) indicating the presence of two receptor subtypes with high ($M_1-site$) and low($M_2-site$) affinity for pirenzepine. Analysis of these inhibition curves yielded that 68% of the total receptor populations were of the $M_1-subtype$ and the remaining 32% of the $M_2-subtype$. Ki values for the $M_1-$ and $M_2-subtypes$ were 2.42 nM and 629.3 nM, respectively. Ki values for $H_1-blockers$ that inhibited $[^3H]QNB$ binding varied with a wide range ($0.02-2.5\;{\mu}M$). The Pseudo-Hill coefficients for inhibition of $[^3H]QNB$ binding by most of $H_1-blockers$ examined except for oxomemazine inhibition of $[^3H]QNB$ binding were close to one. The inhibition curve for oxomemazine in competition with $[^3H]QNB$ was shallow(nH = 0.74) indicating the presence of two receptor populations with different affinities for this drug. The proportion of high and low affinity was 33:67. The Ki values for oxomemazine were $0.045{\pm}0.016\;{\mu}M$ for high affinity and $1.145{\pm}0.232\;{\mu}M$ for low affinity sites. These data indicate that muscarinic receptor blocking potency of $H_1-blockers$ varies widely between different drugs and that most of $H_1-blockers$ examined are nonselective antagonist for the muscarinic receptor subtypes, whereas oxomemazine might be capable of distinguishing between subclasses of muscarinic receptor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5155-5160
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• 2014

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lobaplatin-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radioactive $^{125}I$ seed implantation in treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: 75 patients with primary HCC were enrolled in the study, among them 43 receiving lobaplatin-TACE (TACE group) and 32 lobaplatin-TACE combined with $^{125}I$ seed implantation (TACE+$^{125}I$ group). After treatment, the local remission rates and postoperative complications of two groups were compared using the Pearson Chi-square test. Overall survival in the two groups was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the differences were tested using Log-rank test. Results: There were 7 cases of complete response (CR), 13 of partial response (PR), 6 of stable disease (SD) and 17 of progressive disease (PD) in the TACE group, with 13 cases of CR, 9 of PR, 5 of SD and 5 of PD in the TACE+$^{125}I$ group. The disease control rates of TACE and TACE+$^{125}I$ group were 60.5% (26/43) and 84.4% (27/32), respectively, with a significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The survival rates at 6, 12 and 18 months in the TACE group were 100.0%, 81.8% and 50.0%, respectively, and those in TACE+$^{125}I$ group were 100.0%, 93.8% and 65.6%. The mean survival times in the TACE and TACE+$^{125}I$ groups were 19.5 and 22.9 months, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival rate between two groups (P < 0.05). No serious complications were encountered in either group. Conclusion: Lobaplatin-TACE combined with $^{125}I$ seed implantation is favorable and safe for treatment of primary HCC.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.962-966
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• 2002

The $SrBi_2$$Nb_2$$O_{9}$ (SBN) thin films were deposited with $SrNb_2$$O_{6}$ / (SNO) and $Bi_2$$O_3$ targets by co-sputtering method. For the growth of SBN thin films, we adopted the various power ratios of two targets; the power ratios of the SNO target to $Bi_2$$O_3$ target were 100 W : 20 W, 100 W : 25 W, and 100 W : 30 W during sputtering the SBN films. We found that the electrical properties of SBN films were greatly dependent on Bi content in films. The $Bi_2$Pt and $Bi_2$$O_3$ phase as second phases occurred at the films with excess Bi content greater than 2.4, resulting in poor ferroelectric properties. The best growth condition of the SBN films was obtained at the power ratio of 100 W : 25 W for the two targets. At this condition, the crystallinity and electrical properties of the films were improved at even low annealing temperature as $700^{\circ}C$ for 1h in oxygen ambient and the Sr, Bi and Nb component in the SBN films were about 0.9, 2.4, and 1.8 respectively. From the P-E and I-V curves for the specimen, the remnant polarization value ($2P_{r}$) of the SBN films was obtained about 6 $\mu$C/c $m^2$ at 250 kV/cm and the leakage current density of this thin film was $2.45$\times$10^{-7}$ $A/cm^2$ at an applied voltage of 3 V.V.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

Polymeric meterials that are used for noise and vibration damper in wood/polymer/wood sandwich composites, must have a high loss factor(tan ${\delta}$), and at the same time the storage modulus(E) of $5{\times}10^7$ to $10^9$ dyne/$cm^2$ must withstand over a wide temperature and frequency ranges. In this study, the series of epoxy resinlpolyacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks(IPNs) were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization. Their dynamic tensile properties were measured at 110Hz using Rheovibron instrument. Composite damping factor(tan ${\delta}_c$) and dynamic bending modulus($E_c,\;E_^{\prime\prime}c$) of wood/polymer/wood sandwich composites were measured at 110Hz using a Rheovibron in bending mode of vibration. These dynamic tensile studies indicated that cured epoxy resin/polyacrylates IPNs were semicompatible in the sense that both the shifting of T($E^{\prime\prime}_{max}$) or T(tan ${\delta}_{max}$) and the broadening of glass transition temperature range were observed. Especially, the cured Epikote871/P(n-BMA) IPNs of composition 70/30 to 50/50 showed a relatively high tan a and appropriate E' value over a wide temperature range; consequently the tan a e curves of wood/IPNs/wood sandwich composites was broadened over a wide temperature range.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2006

Purpose: Determination of pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (QP/QS) is important for the management of patients with left-to-right shunt. This study was performed to assess the agreement of Qp/Qs ratio using the radionuclide method and oxymetry, to investigate the factors influencing the agreement, and to know how interchangeable the results of each technique. Materials and Methods: We compared the Qp/Qs measured by single-pass radionuclide angiocardiography and oxymetry during catheterization in 207 patients who underwent both studies. In radionuclide method, Qp/Qs was calculated from the pulmonary time-activity curves using a gamma variate fit. The correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed according to the levels of shunt and associated lesions. Results: The mean Qp/Qs was $1.83{\pm}0.50$ by radionuclide, and $1.74{\pm}0.51$ by oxymetry. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.86(p<0.001), and Bland-Altman range of agreement encompassing 4SD was 1.05. For atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tricuspid and mitral insufficiency, the correlation coefficient was 0.78, 0.90, 0.84, 0.63 and 0.44, and Bland-Altman range was 1.51, 0.74, 0.96, 1.57, and 1.50, respectively. Conclusion: There is good agreement but wide variance between the Qp/Qs ratios by radionuclide method and oxymetry. Associated atrioventricular valvar insufficiency decreases the correlation coefficient and widens the variance. Wide overall variance suggests that Qp/Qs measurements by two techniques should not be used interchangeably.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

In order to investigate an influence of carrier trap by quantum dots (QDs) on the solar parameters, in this study, the $p^+-QD-n/n^+$ solar cells with InAs/GaAs QD active layers are fabricated, and their characteristics are investigated and compared with those of a GaAs matrix solar cell (MSC). Two different types of QD structures, the Stranski-Krastanow (SK) QD and the quasi-monolayer (QML) QD, have been introduced for the QD solar cells, and the parameters (open-circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$), short-cirucuit current ($I_{SC}$), fill factor (FF), conversion efficiency (CE)) are determined from the current-voltage characteristic curves under a standard solar illumination (AM1.5). In SK-QSC, while FF of 80.0% is similar to that of MSC (80.3%), $V_{OC}$ and $J_{SC}$ are reduced by 0.03 V and $2.6mA/cm^2$, respectively. CE is lowered by 2.6% as results of reduced $V_{OC}$ and $J_{SC}$, which is due to a carrier trap into QDs. Though another alternative structure of QML-QD to be expected to relieve the carrier trap have been firstly tried for QSC in this study, it shows negative results contrary to our expectations.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2008

To investigate the rheological properties of protein mixed gels mediated by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), pork myofibrillar protein (MFP), sodium caseinate (SC) and their mixture (MS), the various gels were incubated at different temperatures for various times. Extracted MFP, SC and their mixture (MS, 1:1) were incubated at different temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$ vs $37^{\circ}C$) for various times (0, 0.5, 2, 4 hr), and assessed for viscosity, gel strength and other characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). DSC measurements showed that incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ rather than $4^{\circ}C$ caused marked changes in thermal transition, and MS displayed similar thermal curves (three endothermic transitions) to MFP and SC alone. After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, the viscosity (cP) of MS increased (p<0.05) due to induction by MTGase, whereas no differences were observed at $4^{\circ}C$. However, gel strength values were no different, regardless of incubation temperatures and times. Future research will address how longer incubation times affect the functionality of protein mixed gels mediated by MTGase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.831-837
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• 2010

KR-31125 (2-butyl-5-dimethoxymethyl-6-phenyl-7-methyl-3-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II type 1 ($AT_1$) receptors in human recombinant $AT_1$ receptors and rabbit aorta. These in vitro studies revealed that KR-31125 inhibited specific [$^{125}I$] [$Sar^1$, $Ile^8$]-angiotensin II binding to human recombinant $AT_1$ receptors in a concentration dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of $19.72{\pm}2.65$ nM. However, no interaction with $AT_2$ receptors was detected as displayed by the competition binding of [$^{125}I$] CGP 42112A to human recombinant $AT_2$ receptor. The binding action was also confirmed as a competitive mode that was identical to the previously studied compound, losartan. In addition, KR-31125 caused a nonparallel shift to the right in the concentration response curves to angiotensin II with a 30-80% decrease in the maximum contractile responses ($pK_B$: 7.63). Compared to the previous studies with losartan that showed a parallel right shift in the maximum contractile responses to AII ($pA_2$: 7.59), KR-31125 presented a different mode of action with a similar potency to losartan. These results demonstrate that KR-31125 is a highly potent and $AT_1$ selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist that can be applied to the fields of new diagnostic and research tools with upcoming in vivo study results.