• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1015-1018
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• 2012

Objective: To improve the diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) with/without hepatic metastases by analyzing our experience of different GBC treatment in our patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical data of the 139 patients with GBC who underwent hepatic resection in our unit from January 2003 to December 2007. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they demonstrated hepatic invasion. Tumor presentation, surgical modes, and prognosis of each patient were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were employed to compare the survival rates of those patients undergoing different surgical procedures. Results: Of the 139 patients, 46 were men and 93 were women with the male to female ratio of 1:2.0. Their ages were ranged from 35 to 86 years with a mean age of $62.8{\pm}10.4$ years. There were 73 patients complicated with hepatic invasion (group A), and no hepatic invasion occurred in the other 66 patients (group B). Compared with the group B, the patients with hepatic invasion suffered lower differentiation of tumor (p=0.000), more advanced Nevin staging (p=0.008) and poorer prognosis (p=0.013). Radical resection were more frequently performed in group B (75.76%) than in group A (45.20%) with better outcomes (p=0.000). Conclusion: GBC patients complicated with hepatic invasion had poorer prognosis than those without invasion in long-term follow-ups. Radical resection might result in a satisfied prognosis in patients without hepatic invasion, but appears less favorable than palliative resection in those who were complicated with hepatic invasion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4983-4988
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• 2013

Objectives: To establish a taxol-resistant cell line of human ovarian carcinoma (A2780/Taxol) and investigate its biological features. Methods: The drug-resistant cell line (A2780/Taxol) was established by continuous stepwise selection with increasing concentrations of Taxol. Cell morphology was assessed by microscopy and growth curves were generated with in vitro and in vivo tumor xenograft models. With rhodamine123 (Rh123) assays, cell cycle distribution and the apoptotic rate were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Drug resistance-related and signal associated proteins, including P-gp, MRPs, caveolin-1, PKC-${\alpha}$, Akt, ERK1/2, were detected by Western blotting. Results: A2780/Taxol cells were established with stable resistance to taxol. The drug resistance index (RI) was 430.7. Cross-resistance to other drugs was also shown, but there was no significant change to radioresistance. Compared with parental cells, A2780/Taxol cells were significantly heteromorphous, with a significant delay in population doubling time and reduced uptake of Rh123 (p<0.01). In vivo, tumor take by A2780 cells was 80%, and tumor volume increased gradually. In contrast, with A2780/Taxol cells in xenograft models there was no tumor development. FCM analysis revealed that A2780/Taxol cells had a higher percentage of G0/G1 and lower S phase, but no changes of G2 phase and the apoptosis rate. Expression of P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, BCRP, LRP, caveolin-1, PKC-${\alpha}$, Phospho-ERK1/2 and Phospho-JNK protein was significantly up-regulated, while Akt and p38 MARK protein expression was not changed in A2780/Taxol cells. Conclusion: The A2780/Taxol cell line is an ideal model to investigate the mechanism of muti-drug resistance related to overexpression of drug-resistance associated proteins and activation of the PKC-${\alpha}/ERK$ (JNK) signaling pathway.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1696-1701
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• 2006

A random regression model was applied for the first time for the analysis of test day records and to study the genetic persistency of first lactation milk yield of Indian Murrah buffaloes. Wilmink's Function was chosen to describe the shape of lactation curves. Heritabilities of test day milk yield varied from 0.33 to 0.58 in different test days. The highest heritability was found in the initial test day ($5^{th}$ day) milk yield. Genetic correlations among test day milk yields were higher in the initial test day milk yield and decreased when the test day interval was increased. The magnitude of genetic correlations between test day and 305 day milk yield varied from 0.25 to 0.99. The genetic persistencies of first lactation milk yield were estimated based on daily breeding values using two methods. $P_1$ is the genetic persistency estimated as a summation of the deviation of estimated daily breeding value on days to attain peak yield from each day after days to attain peak yield to different lactation days. $P_2$ is the genetic persistency estimated as the additional genetic yield (gained or lost) from days to attain peak yield to estimated breeding value on different lactation days relative to an average buffalo having the same yield on days to attain peak yield. The mean genetic persistency on 90, 120, 180, 240, 278 and 305 days in milk was estimated as -4.23, -21.67, -101.67, -229.57, -330.06 and -388.64, respectively by $P_1$, whereas by $P_2$ on same days in milk were estimated as -3.96 (-0.32 kg), -23.94 (-0.87 kg), -112.81 (-1.96 kg), -245.83 (-2.81 kg), -350.04 (-3.28 kg) and -407.58 (-3.40 kg) respectively. Higher magnitude of rank correlations indicated that the ranking of buffaloes based on their genetic persistency in both methods were similar for evaluation of genetic persistency of buffaloes. Based on the estimated range of genetic persistency three types of genetic persistency were identified. Genetic correlations among genetic persistency in different days in milk and between genetic persistencies on the same day in milk were very high. The genetic correlations between genetic persistency for different days in milk and estimated breeding value for 305 DIM was increased from 90 DIM to 180 DIM, and highest around 240 DIM which indicates a minimum of 240 days as an optimum first lactation length might be required for genetic evaluation of Indian Murrah buffaloes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

Analytical method to determine rare earth elements which were extracted to organic phase by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was investigated. Organic phase which had extracted rare earth elements was directly aspirated into ICP-MS by ultrasonic nebulizer(USN) in order to reduce solvent load to the plasma. Then, the count rate increased when MIBK(methyl isobutyl ketone) was added to EtOH(ethanol) but decreased when 0.03 M HEH(2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, $P_{507}$, PC88A) was added to solvent which mixed MIBK with EtOH. The optimal temperatures of desolvation system were -10 $^{\circ}C$ for the condenser and 150 $^{\circ}C$ for the heating tube. The optimal nebulizer flow rate which gave maximum count rate and minimum reflect power was 0.7 L/min. The optimal pH and extraction time were 4.3 and 10 min for MIBK-0.03 M HEH system. Detection limits which were obtained through calibration curves at the range of 0.2 ${\sim}$ 20 ng/mL were 0.02 ${\sim}$ 0.05 ng/mL under the optimal experimental conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.356-363
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• 2020

As a becoming era of Internet-of-Things, various devices are connected via wire or wirless networks. Although every day life is more convenient, security problems are also increasing such as privacy, information leak, denial of services. Since ECC, a kind of public key cryptosystem, has a smaller key size compared to RSA, it is widely used for environmentally constrained devices. The key of ECC in constrained devices can be exposed to power analysis attacks during scalar multiplication operation. In this paper, a key-randomization method is suggested for scalar multiplication on SECG parameters. It is against differential power analysis and has operational efficiency. In order to increase of operational efficiency, the proposed method uses the property 2^lP=∓cP where the constant c is small compared to the order n of SECG parameters and n=2^l±c. The number of operation for the Coron's key-randomization scalar multiplication algorithm is 21, but the number of operation for the proposed method in this paper is (3/2)l. It has efficiency about 25% compared to the Coron's method using full random numbers.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 1978

Fermented soy sauce was dehydrated by spray drying to form powder, and moisture sorption properties of powdered soy sauce with or without cover of the flexible films were examined on different relative humidity by using saturated salt solutions at $30^{\circ}$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The equilibrium moisture content of spray-dried soy sauce containing 18.3% moisture was determined to 52% by graphical interpolation method, and E.M.C. of powdered soy sauce covered with plastic films decreased at low relative humidity whereas sharply increased curves were seen at high relative humidity. The rate constant of moisture adsortion K for the power covered with films were $66.2{\times}10^{-5}\;to\;225{\times}10^{-5}/hr$., and K' became greater when film having higher water vapor transmission rate was used. The shelf-life of powdered soy sauce covered with Al. foil/P.E. film by Brown formula at the accelerated condition of $38^{\circ}$, 92% R. H. was the longest period, 164 days compared with any other films used, and the shortest period, 18 days in P.V.C. film.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1052-1058
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• 2017

Gelidium amansii shows antioxidant and anti-obesity effects; however, the effect on postprandial blood glucose levels is not known. The objective of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Gelidium amansii extract (GAE) on carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and its ability to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Gelidium amansii was extracted with 80% ethanol and concentrated for use in this study. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibition assays were performed using the colorimetric method. ICR normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice were orally administered GAE (300 mg/kg body weight) or acarbose (100 mg/kg body weight) alone or soluble starch (2 g/kg body weight). Blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. Our results indicated that GAE markedly inhibited ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.099{\pm}0.009mg/ml$ and $0.178{\pm}0.038mg/ml$, respectively, and was a more effective inhibitor than acarbose, the positive control. Further, the postprandial blood glucose levels of STZ-induced diabetic mice in the GAE-administered group were significantly lower than those of control group mice (p<0.05). Moreover, the area under the curves (AUC) significantly decreased with GAE administration in STZ-induced diabetic mice (p<0.05). These results indicate that GAE may be effective in decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes such as ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Therefore, GAE could be used as a potential functional food for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Background: The success rate of intubation under direct laryngoscopy is greatly influenced by laryngoscopic grade using the Cormack-Lehane classification. However, it is not known whether grade under direct laryngoscopy can also affects the success rate of nasotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic bronchoscpe, so this study investigated the same. In addition, we investigated other factors that influence the success rate of fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI). Methods: FNI was performed by 18 anesthesiology residents under general anesthesia in patients over 15 years of age who underwent elective oral and maxillofacial operations. In all patients, the Mallampati grade was measured. Laryngeal view grade under direct laryngoscopy, and the degree of secretion and bleeding in the oral cavity was measured and divided into 3 grades. The time required for successful FNI was measured. If the intubation time was > 5 minutes, it was evaluated as a failure and the airway was managed by another method. The failure rate was evaluated using appropriate statistical method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also measured. Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study, and the failure rate of FNI was 4.5%. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade did not affect the success rate of FNI (P > 0.05). BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents (P = 0.03), secretion (P < 0.001), and bleeding (P < 0.001) grades influenced the success rate. The AUCs of bleeding and secretion were 0.864 and 0.798, respectively, but the AUC of BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade were 0.527, 0.616, 0.614, and 0.544, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike in intubation under direct laryngoscopy, in the case of FNI, oral secretion and nasal bleeding had a significant effect on FNI difficulty than Mallampati grade or Laryngeal view grade.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.289-289
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• 2013

While there are plenty of studies on synthesizing semiconducting germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process, it is difficult to inject dopants into them with uniform dopants distribution due to vapor-solid (VS) deposition. In particular, as precursors and dopants such as germane ($GeH_4$), phosphine ($PH_3$) or diborane ($B_2H_6$) incorporate through sidewall of nanowire, it is hard to obtain the structural and electrical uniformity of Ge NWs. Moreover, the drastic tapered structure of Ge NWs is observed when it is synthesized at high temperature over $400^{\circ}C$ because of excessive VS deposition. In 2006, Emanuel Tutuc et al. demonstrated Ge NW pn junction using p-type shell as depleted layer. However, it could not be prevented from undesirable VS deposition and it still kept the tapered structures of Ge NWs as a result. Herein, we adopt $C_2H_2$ gas in order to passivate Ge NWs with carbon sheath, which makes the entire Ge NWs uniform at even higher temperature over $450^{\circ}C$. We can also synthesize non-tapered and uniformly doped Ge NWs, restricting incorporation of excess germanium on the surface. The Ge NWs with carbon sheath are grown via VLS process on a $Si/SiO_2$ substrate coated 2 nm Au film. Thin Au film is thermally evaporated on a $Si/SiO_2$ substrate. The NW is grown flowing $GeH_4$, HCl, $C_2H_2$ and PH3 for n-type, $B_2H_6$ for p-type at a total pressure of 15 Torr and temperatures of $480{\sim}500^{\circ}C$. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals clear surface of the Ge NWs synthesized at $500^{\circ}C$. Raman spectroscopy peaked at about ~300 $cm^{-1}$ indicates it is comprised of single crystalline germanium in the core of Ge NWs and it is proved to be covered by thin amorphous carbon by two peaks of 1330 $cm^{-1}$ (D-band) and 1590 $cm^{-1}$ (G-band). Furthermore, the electrical performances of Ge NWs doped with boron and phosphorus are measured by field effect transistor (FET) and they shows typical curves of p-type and n-type FET. It is expected to have general potentials for development of logic devices and solar cells using p-type and n-type Ge NWs with carbon sheath.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2008

Larvae of Monochamus saltuarius showed normal growth and development on conifers of Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora, Abies holophylla, Larix leptolepsis, P. bungeana, and P. rigida, respectively, but the conifers influenced significantly the body weight and the survival rate of larvae. Though the larval body weights were in a wide spectrum among treatments, growth curves of them were very similar from each other, showing continuous increase from the early larval stage to about 3 months old. The body weight was decreased slightly after the feeding period of the early 3 months. The size of larvae and adults became the largest from P. bungeana fed larvae. The mid-sized ones were from P. koraiensis, P. densiflora and A. holophylla. Small ones came from L. leptolepsis and P. rigida. The larval growth was retarded without water supply. Overall survival rates from the early stage of a larva to a fertile adult were 53.6% from P. koraiensis; 51.8%, P. densiflora; 34.7%, A. holophylla; 17.8%, P. bungeana; 16.7%, L. leptolepsis; and 12.3%, P. rigida. Adults from larvae fed the 6 species of conifers, respectively, were grown into the reproductively potent adults, which laid viable eggs. A few of overwintered larvae did not pupate and remained still as a larva until the late October of the year. Data from the field survey, the head width emerged from P. koraiensis was larger than that of L. leptolepsis. The adult emergence hole in P. koraiensis was larger also. While, the size of the emergence hole was larger in the artificially innoculated log of P. koraiensis, which was kept for a larva to be with a minimized food competition and sufficient water supply, than that of the field.