• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

To extend the shelf-life of Kochujang, the effects of anti-browning agents and their optimum concentrations were evaluated using organic acids as synergists. Among the physicochemical analyses, amino nitrogen content exhibited the highest correlation with sensory score. Ascorbic acid and citric acid were selected among the anti-browning agents(ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate, calcium chloride) and organic acids(citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid) tested on the basis of the highest amino nitrogen content during storage at 55$^{\circ}C$. The appropriate concentration of ascorbic acid was 0.03% based on amino nitrogen content during storage at 55$^{\circ}C$. Combination of 0.06% citric acid with 0.03% ascorbic acid showed the highest amino nitrogen content during storage at 55$^{\circ}C$. From the results, the 0.03% ascorbic acid and 0.06% citric acid were selected as additives for extending the shelf-life. Control(no additive) and additives(0.03% ascorbic acid and 0.06% citric acid) were tested for physicochemical and sensory analyses during storage at 45$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. Amino nitrogen content was also highly correlated with sensory score, The marginal amounts of amino nitrogen for control and additives were 174.9mg% and 173.2mg%, respectively. Degradation rate of amino nitrogen was a first order reaction. Compared to control, the predicted shelf-life for adding additives increased 69% and 56% at 45$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

As mobile technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart homes and financial technologies (FinTech) are developed, authentication by smart devices is used everywhere. As a result, presence-based biometric authentication using smart devices has become a new mainstream in knowledge-based authentication methods like the existing passwords. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is less prone to forgery, and high-level personal identification is its unique feature from among various biometric authentication methods, such as the pulse, fingerprints, the face, and the iris. Biometric authentication using an ECG is receiving a great deal of attention due to its uses in healthcare and FinTech. In this study, we implemented an ECG authentication system that allows users to easily measure and authenticate their ECG waveforms using a miniaturized wearable device, rather than a large and expensive measurement device. The implemented ECG authentication system identifies ECG features through P-Q-R-S-T feature point identification, and was user-certified under the proposed authentication protocols. Finally, assessment of measurements in a majority of adult males showed a relatively low false acceptance rate of 1.73%, and a low false rejection rate of 4.14%, in a stable normal state. In a high-activity state, the false acceptance rate was 13.72%, and the false rejection rate was 21.68%. In a high-heart rate state, the false acceptance rate was 10.48%, and the false rejection rate was 11.21%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2005

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate interspecific relationships in 40 populations of Viola including 35 Korean taxa, four Japanese populations and one outgroup using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. Subsection Trigonocarpae of section Nomimium appeared as the most basal clade within the Korean Viola. Section Dischidium and Chamaemelanium was monophyletidbootstrap 100%) and placed between subsect. Trigonocarpae and three other subsections of sect. Nomimium. Sect. Nomimium was paraphyletic. Although each subsectional grouping was in accordance with previous infrageneric classification based on morphological characters, yet discordance remained at the series level. Two evolutionary trends observed in the ITS tree were as follows. First, subsect. Trigonocarpae(x=10) was derived from the outgroup(x=6); Second, subsects. Bilobatae and Vaginatae(x=10 or 12), and subsect. Patellares(x=12) of sect. Nomimium were originated from sects. Dischidium and Chamaemelanium(x=6). Viola albida complex including three very closely related taxa was recognized as independent group within subsect. Patellares in parsimony tree. This result suggested that they should be treated as a taxa in series Pinnatae. Phylogenetic position of a putative hybrid species, Viola woosanensis was not supported with previous morphological hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Bacillus genus are found abundantly in various sites and their secondary metabolites were used as potential agents in agriculture, notably plant growth promoting and bio-control. The objective of this study was to develop the culture conditions of GH1-13 strain including higher cell growth, stable endospore-forming and enhancement of potential agents which are related with plant growth promoting and phytopathogen suppression. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were determined by glucose and soy bean flour, respectively, then resulted in $7.5{\times}10^9cells/mL$, $6.8{\times}10^9\;endospore\;cells/mL$ and sporulation yield of 90% after 30 h cultivation in 500 L submerged fermenter at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Cells and cell-free supernatant of GH1-13 strains showed the potent antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It was also confirmed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of GH1-13 strain was greatly increased by addition of 0.3% tryptophan.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between masticatory ability, oral health-related quality of life, and cognitive function in an elderly population using structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 308 subjects, aged 65 years and over, were recruited from the senior citizen center in Daegu, South Korea and provided consent for inclusion in the study. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was used to assess the level of cognitive function. Masticatory ability was evaluated through chewing tests, patient-perceived masticatory function and, measurement of relative occlusal forces on molar teeth using the T-Scan $III^{(R)}$ system. All data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ tests, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA in SPSS version 23.0 for windows. Structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS AMOS version 22.0. Results: There was a significant association between cognitive function and molar teeth occlusal force. Ability of food chewing score and patient-perceived masticatory function could affect oral health-related quality of life (P>0.05). Higher occlusal forces on molar teeth, compared to anterior teeth, positively correlated with higher cognitive function. Conclusions: These results suggest that an individual's oral health condition could affect molar teeth occlusal forces and may be related to a risk of developing dementia. Therefore, there is a need for implementing nation-wide policies to improve oral health, such as masticatory function, in the elderly population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1231-1240
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• 2021

Members of the genus Bacillus are known to play an important role in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this study, 21 isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained from the root micro-ecosystem of Suaeda glauca. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that the isolates belong to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus aryabhattai and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans. One of the interesting findings of this study is that the four strains B1, B5, B16 and B21 are dominant in rhizosphere soil. Based on gyrA, gyrB, and rpoB gene analyses, B1, B5, and B21 were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens and B16 was identified as B. velezensis. Estimation of antifungal activity showed that the isolate B1 had a significant inhibitory effect on Fusarium verticillioides, B5 and B16 on Colletotrichum capsici (syd.) Butl, and B21 on Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven. The four strains grew well in medium with 1-10% NaCl, a pH value of 5-8, and promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that these strains may be promising agents for the biocontrol and promotion of plant growth and further study of the relevant bacteria will provide a useful reference for the development of microbial resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

The new town in Korea, developed as a large-scale housing plan, has created urban ecological corridors to provide habitat and movement routes to wildlife and to promote natural ecological flow. This study aimed to investigate the use of wildlife in 10 ecological corridors in Gwanggyo New Town through camera trap technology and confirm effectiveness by identifying environmental factors affecting the use of wildlife's urban ecological corridors. Our researchers installed 20 unmanned sensor cameras at each the entrance and exit of the ecological corridors, and monitored urban wildlife for 10 weeks. According to the monioring results, the main species in Gwanggyo New Town were identified not only raccons, cats, water deer, korean hare and avain but also magpies, dove, eurasian tree sparrow, ring-necked pheasant, and eurasian jay. The number of uses ecological corridors of urban residents was 801(13.49%), as high as that of urban wildlife (1,140, 19.20%), which was judged to have disturbed the use of ecological corridors by wildlife. However, most dominant species of urban wildlife are nocturnal so that, it was judged that they share home range with urban residents at a time interval. In addition, according to the correlation analysis results between the mammal using rate of the urban ecological corridors and environmental factors(ecological corridor-specific length, ecological corridor-specific width, cover degree, shielding degree, connected green area, separation of movement routes, and presence of streetlights), environmental factors were not statistically significant. However, the more the area of green space connected to ecological corridors, the more increasing the mammal using rate of ecological corridor(r=0.71, p<0.05). Therefore, the area of green space connected to the ecological corridors that is associated with rate of wildlife using corridors should be considered as a priority when developing an urban ecological corridors. In the future, this study will extend the observation period of the ecological corridors and continuously accumulate data by adding the number of observation cameras. Furthermore, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for the standards for urban ecological corridors installation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2020

Wave measurements using X-band radar have many advantages compared to other wave gauges including wave-rider buoy, P-u-v gauge and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), etc.. For example, radar system has no risk of loss/damage in bad weather conditions, low maintenance cost, and provides spatial distribution of waves from deep to shallow water. This paper presents new methods for estimating significant wave heights of X-band marine radar images using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We compared the time series of estimated significant wave heights (Hs) using various estimation methods, such as signal-to-noise ratio (${\sqrt{SNR}}$), both and ${\sqrt{SNR}}$ the peak period (TP), and ANN with 3 parameters (${\sqrt{SNR}}$, TP, and Rval > k). The estimated significant wave heights of the X-band images were compared with wave measurement using ADCP(AWC: Acoustic Wave and Current Profiler) at Hujeong Beach, Uljin, Korea. Estimation of Hs using ANN with 3 parameters (${\sqrt{SNR}}$, TP, and Rval > k) yields best result.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 1994

Lack of seedling vigor is considered a serious deterrent to use of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil (Lorus comicul~rus L.). Our objectives were to compare early seedling growth of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil cultivar "MO-20" and the large-seeded accession 302921 at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. in controlled-environment chambers. Cabon dioxide exchange rate (CER) was measured in a closed or open system using infrared gas analysis. Dark respiration rate was measured manometrically. Net carbon accumulated per day and growth analysis of the seedlings were calculated. Initial seed mass of 302921 was 3.5 times larger and final cotyledon area was 2 times larger than those of MO-20, and early seedling growth was better. But, from 3 weeks after emergence until the end of the test period at $25^{\circ}C$, MO-20 showed higher CER per unit leaf area and faster dry weight accumulation than did 302921. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, growth of MO-20 at $15^{\circ}C$ was suppressed more than that of 302921. Dark respiration rate of MO-20 was slightly higher than that for 302921, but not COz uptake per day for MO-20 was highest at$25^{\circ}C$ and lowest at $25^{\circ}C$. The relative growth rate (RGR) of MO-20 was higher than 302921 at $25^{\circ}C$ due to high net assimilation rate, but there was little difference in RGR between entries at $15^{\circ}C$.}C$.