• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2015

Pipe wall-thinning by flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a significant and costly damage of secondary system piping in nuclear power plants (NPPs). All NPPs have their management programs to ensure pipe integrity from wall-thinning. This study analyzed the pipe wall-thinning caused by changing the amine, which is used for adjusting the water chemistry in the secondary system of NPPs. The pH change was analyzed according to the addition of amine. Then, the wear rate calculated in two different amines was compared at the steam cycle in NPPs. As a result, increasing the pH at operating temperature (Hot pH) can reduce the rate of FAC damage significantly. Wall-thinning is affected by amine characteristics depending on temperature and quality of water.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1992

Corrosion of pipes Is one of the most serious problems in the maintenance of water worlds. Corrosion is promoted not only by physical factors such as temperature, but also by electrochemical factors including concentration of soluble metal ions, chlorine ion, pH, DO and microorganisms. Corrosion products also affect corrosion rate. In this research, study results are summarized as follows ; 1) Corrosion test was performed for 4 weeks at $70^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 with specimens of 4 types of metal materials used as service pipes. Corrosion rate and S.E.M were analyzed. The results were showed that corrosion 1.ate of carbon steel pipe was 4.10~5.22 $mg/\textrm{cm}^2$ . week, galvanized steel pipe 0.98~1.34$mg/\textrm{cm}^2$. week, Copper pipe 0.02~0.04$mg/\textrm{cm}^2$. week, stainless steel pipe 0.05~ 0.10$mg/\textrm{cm}^2$ . week. 2) When corrosion rate was tested for tile types of pipes at pH 7 and both $25^{\circ}C$ and $75^{\circ}C$, avaerage corrosion rate for 6 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$ Ivas 2.26$mg/\textrm{cm}^2$ . week in carbon steel pipe, 1.99$mg/\textrm{cm}^2$. week in galvanized steel pipe, 0.26 $mg/\textrm{cm}^2$. week in stainless steel pipe. At $87^{\circ}C$, average corrosion rate for 4 weeks u.3s 4.56 $mg/\textrm{cm}^2$. week in carbon steel pipe,

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

Water distribution pipes installed underground have potential risks of pipe failure and burst. After years of use, pipe walls tend to be corroded due to aggressive soil environments where they are located. The present study aims to assess the degree of external corrosion of a distribution pipe network. In situ data obtained through test pit excavation and direct sampling are carefully collated and assessed. A statistical approach is useful to predict severity of pipe corrosion at present and in future. First, criteria functions defined by discriminant function analysis are formulated to judge whether the pipes are seriously corroded. Data utilized in the analyses are those related to soil property, i.e., soil resistivity, pH, water content, and chloride ion. Secondly, corrosion factors that significantly affect pipe wall pitting (vertical) and spread (horizontal) on the pipe surface are identified with a view to quantifying a degree of the pipe corrosion. Finally, a most reliable model represented in the form of a multiple regression equation is developed for this purpose. From these analyses, it can be concluded that our proposed model is effective to predict the severity and rate of pipe corrosion utilizing selected factors that reflect the fuzzy soil environment.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

In this study, subsurface discharge performance has been studied through theoretical seepage analysis on four types of culverts that can be installed under the condition of non-excavation, such as (a)perforated pipe(${\Phi}50mm$), (b)perforated pipe+horizontal mat (B50cm) (c)perforated pipe+horizontal mat+vertical gravel(B<10cm), (d)perforated pipe+vertical gravel(B<10cm), and existing typical type (e)perforated pipe with gravel (B40, h=40cm) which can be installed by excavation. The analysis results were as follows. i) Subsurface discharge performance per unit (m) was (a)type 56%, (b) 91%, (c) 96%, (d) 76%, respectively, lower than the value of (e)culvert. ii) However, considering that non-excavation culvert can be installed at a spacing of 5m with the installation cost of the existing excavation culvert at the interval of 10m, it was analyzed that unit subsurface discharge(q) of (a)20.2mm/day(110%), (b)32.8(178%), (c)34.6(188%) (d)27.5(149%) in the four types of non-excavation culvert installed at intervals of 5m under the condition of $ k=10^{-4}cm/s$ was much larger than the amount of (e)type 18.5(100%), existing excavation culvert installed at 10m interval. iii) Through the test construction, peak subsurface drainage discharge($q_p$) was 38.4mm/day, which is larger than the value of design criteria and confirmed that it satisfies the analysis results as well. iv) In particular, it was evaluated that (b)perforated pipe+horizontal mat(B50cm) are low cost, high efficiency subsurface drainage culvert type with sufficient drainage performance(178%).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 12th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2008

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1998

The use of bioluminescence as a sensitive marker for the detection of Pseudomnas sp. in the rhizosphere was investigated. Transposon Tn4431 which contains a promoterless luciferase operon and tetracycline resistant gene was used. This transposon, present on a suicide vector (pUCD623) in E. coli HB101, was mated with spontaneous rifampicin mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens B16, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and then rifampicin and tetracycline resistant survivors were isolated. Twenty tow mutants wer isolated from the conjugants between E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens B16. One of these, B16::Tn4431 (L22) recombinant which glowed brightly in the dark was selected for analysis. The cucumber seeds inoculated with L22 were grown in moisten two layers of filter paper and nonsterile soil contained in half cut PVC pipe. The roots were removed from the filter paper and PVC pipe, then placed on the 1/2 LB media plates. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 16 hr. L22 could successfully be detected in the rhizoplane by using the ordinary negative camera film (ASA100-400) with 30 minutes exposure under dark condition. The root colonizing ability and the plant growth promoting effect of L22 were not reduced compared to the untreated bacteria and wild type. L22 was superior to will type.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 고강도 강관과 PHC pile을 활용한 흙막이 버팀보의 좌굴거동과 설계를 수행하였다. 조립기둥의 형식 세가지와, 연결방식, 버팀보의 전체길이(30m, 60m, 90m)에 따라 다양한 버팀보 시스템에 대한 좌굴해석을 하였고, 주부재의 국부좌굴 및 전체좌굴, 사재좌굴에 대해 유한요소해석을 통해 계산된 좌굴하중을 엄밀해와 비교분석하였다. 고강도강관 설계가이드와 PHC pile로 조립된 기둥의 P-M상관도를 활용하여 조립기둥의 설계를 수행하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2017

A modern and highly-sustainable addition to the skyline of Seoul, South Korea has been completed; the Federation of Korean Industries Headquarters (FKI). The signature saw-toothed exterior wall of the 245-meter tall tower and the contrasting smooth nature of the pipe-shell structured podium "egg" gives this project and site a unique identity in the city.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

시설재배지는 노지에 비하여 상대적으로 시비량이 많아 토양의 염류집적이 우려되고 EC가 높아지는 경우 양분과 수분의 흡수가 저해되며 일부 양분은 비유효태로 존재하게 되어 작물에 의한 영양소의 흡수가 저해된다. 본 연구는 연작으로 인하여 염류집적이 발생한 시설하우스 토양을 대상으로 50 cm 깊이에 PVC 유공배수관 (${\phi}10cm$)을 암거배수로 설치함으로써 토양염류를 적정수준으로 제어하고자 수행되었다. 토양의 염류제거 효과를 pH, EC, 양이온 등의 화학성 변화와 작물생육에 근거하여 판정하였다. 유공 암거배수관 설치 후 2년 동안 토양의 화학성을 분석한 결과 EC는 무처리구에서 $3.86-4.53dS\;m^{-1}$이었으나 유공 암거배수관 설치구에서는 $1.42-2.88dS\;m^{-1}$을 나타내어 유공 암거배수관 설치가 토양의 EC를 약 2배까지 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다. 유공 암거배수관 처리구 및 무처리구의 pH는 각각 pH 6.9-7.3 및 pH 7.2-7.5로 나타나 처리구가 다소 낮았으나 시설하우스 토양의 pH에 비하여 전반적으로 높은 수준이었다. 또한 토양의 pH와 양이온치환용량 사이에는 $CEC=17.107{\times}pH-106.2$ ($r^2=0.759^{**}$)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 상추/상추/쑥갓을 재배한 후 토양의 EC를 깊이별로 조사한 결과 무처리구에서는 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 cm 깊이에서 각각 3.45, 3.47, 3.03, 2.93, $2.28dS\;m^{-1}$로 나타나 심층으로 갈수록 EC가 낮아졌으나 유공 암거배수관을 설치한 처리구에서는 2.43 2.52, 2.28. 4.00, $4.23dS\;m^{-1}$로 심층으로 갈수록 EC가 증가하였다. 이는 유공관 설치 시 염류가 집적된 표층과 비교적 염류농도가 낮은 심층의 토양이 상호 혼합되었기 때문으로 판단되었다. 토양깊이별 치환성 양이온의 농도 변화를 조사한 결과 표층에 존재하는 함량에 대한 비율로 보면 Mg > Ca > K 순으로 하양이동성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 유공 암거배수관 설치에 대한 작물 재배시험에서 상추를 정식하고 15일 후 생존율은 98.2%로 나타나 무처리구의 86.6%에 비해 생존율이 11,4% 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상추의 생육상황을 평가하기 위해 줄기의 지제부직경을 조사한 결과 무처리구는 12.9 mm이었으나 유공 암거배수관 처리구의 경우 13.7 mm로 증가하여 직물생육에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 염류가 집적된 시설재배지 토양의 심토에 암거배수관을 설치할 경우 표토의 집적된 염류를 지하부위로 용탈시켜 토양의 EC를 낮춰주고 작물의 생육과 수량을 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• FOCUS: LIFE SCIENCE
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• 제1호
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2024

The document is a white paper on Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) analysis method development. HILIC is a type of chromatography that uses an organic/aqueous mobile phase and a polar stationary phase. In HILIC, water is a strong solvent, and unlike in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC), increasing the proportion of water in the mobile phase reduces the retention time of the analyte. The paper discusses when to consider HILIC analysis methods, the advantages of HILIC, and the challenges often encountered due to the lack of understanding of HILIC mechanisms compared to RPLC. It also provides a systematic flowchart for intelligent solutions for HILIC analysis method development, which includes a three-step approach for chromatography analysis method development. The first step involves gathering as much information as possible about the analyte (e.g., pKa, log P, log D). The second step involves analyzing the sample under different pH conditions using three HILIC columns in either isocratic or gradient mode to identify the suitable column/pH combination for the analyte. The third step involves optimizing the separation by investigating other parameters such as temperature and ionic strength, and assessing the robustness of the method. The paper emphasizes that the selection of the appropriate stationary/mobile phase combination, based on the differences between the HILIC stationary phases and the mobile phase pH, can provide high selectivity in the analysis. This step-by-step approach can help users develop an efficient analysis method.