• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The standard pattern of Brazilian food consumption is based on the combination of rice and beans served together in the main meals. This study assessed the effects of Brazilian-staple calorie-restricted (BS-diet) dietary advice, with brown rice and beans, on metabolic parameters, body composition, and food intake in overweight/obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twentyseven subjects were randomly assigned to a conventional-type calorie-restricted diet (CT-diet) (n = 13) or a BS-diet (n = 14). Glucose metabolism, lipid profile, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and food intake were measured before and after 16 weeks. Paired t-tests/Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison of differences from baseline and unpaired t-tests/Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison of differences between the groups. RESULTS: After16 weeks, both groups showed reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.02), and the BS-diet group showed a decrease in body fat (P = 0.0001), and significant improvement in glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose, glucose and insulin areas under the curve, Cederholm index, and HOMA2-$%{\beta}$) ($P{\leq}0.04$) and lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and cholesterol/HDL-c ratio) ($P{\leq}0.05$). In addition, the BS-diet group showed significant improvement in HOMA2-$%{\beta}$, compared to the CT-diet group (P = 0.03). The BS-diet group also showed a significant reduction in energy, lipids, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intake ($P{\leq}0.04$) and an increase in fiber intake ($P{\leq}0.001$), while the CT-diet group showed a significant reduction in intake of energy, macronutrients, PUFA, and cholesterol ($P{\leq}0.002$). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the benefits of the BS-diet on metabolic parameters in obese subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.32-39
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• 1990

The ${\gamma}$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ compounds were oxidized in the furance after gas detecting sensor made molding as the Fe$_3$O$_4$ the synthesized Fe$_3$O$_4$, by ferrous sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Their sensities on carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol and L. P. G. were measured at various temperatures, respectively. And then their electrical resistivities, thermal properties (D.T.A. ＆ T.G.A.), were examined about their having an effet on the gas-sensing in company with the effect of pure ${\gamma}$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ and the detecting sensor ${\gamma}$-Fe$_2$O$_3$, which reacts with $K_2$CO$_3$ in the hydrothermal coundition, and the electrical conductive mechanism was reflected simultaneously. It was observed that the electrical conductivities and response ratios showed highest value at the endothermic temperature part, 300~35$0^{\circ}C$ of D.T.A.―curve. Consequently, the response ratios and response times of the hydrothermal detecting sensor were higher than that of pure detecting sensor, the specific surface areas were the highest at the endothermic range of D.T.A.-curve. These response ratios of detecting sensor for $K_2$CO$_3$, process at hydrothermal condition on carbon monoxide appeared higher than that on ethyl alcohol and in case of L.P.G. last.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.601-606
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• 2017

Cystoisospora is responsible for morbidity in immunocompromised patients. PCR is sensitive for diagnosing Cystoisospora; however, it needs reevaluation for differential molecular diagnosis of cystoisosporiasis. We aimed at evaluating melting curve analysis (MCA) after real-time PCR (qPCR) in diagnosis and genotyping of Cystoisospora as an alternative to conventional PCR. We included 293 diarrheic stool samples of patients attending the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine of Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt. Samples were subjected to microscopy, nested PCR (nPCR), and qPCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA (r RNA) gene followed by melting temperatures ($T_ms$) analysis and comparing the results to PCR-RFLP banding patterns. Using microscopy and ITS2-nPCR, 3.1% and 5.8% of cases were Cystoisospora positive, respectively, while 10.9% were positive using qPCR. Genotyping of Cystoisospora by qPCR-MCA revealed 2 genotypes. These genotypes matched with 2 distinct melting peaks with specified $T_ms$ at $85.8^{\circ}C$ and $88.6^{\circ}C$, which indicated genetic variation among Cystoisospora isolates in Egypt. Genotype II proved to be more prevalent (65.6%). HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma and leukemic patients harbored both genotypes with a tendency to genotype II. Genotype I was more prevalent in lymphomas and mammary gland tumors while colorectal and hepatocellular tumors harbored genotype II suggesting that this genotype might be responsible for the development of cystoisosporiasis in immunocompromised patients. Direct reliable identification and differentiation of Cystoisospora species could be established using $qPCR-T_ms$ analysis which is useful for rapid detection and screening of Cystoisospora genotypes principally in high risk groups.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.648-653
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• 2003

In order to predict stress intensity limit of high-temperature creep structures, creep work-time equation, defined as $W_ct^P=B$, was used, and the results of the equation were compared with isochronous stress-strain curve (ISSC) ones of ASME BPV NH Code. For this purpose, the creep strain tests with. time variations for commercial type 316 stainless steel were conducted with different stresses; 160 MPa, 150 MPa, 145 MPa, 140 MPa and 135 MPa at $593^{\circ}C$. The results of log $W_c$ and log t plots showed a good linear relation up to $10^5$ hr. The constants p, B and stress intensity limit values showed comparatively good agreement to those of ASME NH ISSC. It is believed that the relation can be simply obtained with only several short-term 1% strain data without ISSC which can be obtained by long-term creep data.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

This study was aimed to identify the phenotypic relationships between calving interval and lactation curve parameters in Korean Holstein cow. The data of 36,505 lactation records was obtained from the Dairy Herd Improvement program run by Dairy Cattle Improvemnet Center of National Agricultural Federation of Korea. All lactation records were collectied from the multiparous cows calving between 2011 to 2013. The estimated lactation curves were drawn using Wood model based on actual milk yield records, and NLIN Procedure of SAS program (ver. 9.2). General linear multivariate models for calving interval, 305-d milk yield, lactation parameters(A, b, c), persistency, peak day, and peak yield included fixed effects of calving year-season (spring, summer, fall and winter) and parity(2, 3 and 4). For calving interval, 305-d milk yield, lactation parameters(A, b, c), persistency, peak day and peak yield, all two fixed effect(calving year-season, parity) were significant(p<0.05). The estimated lactation functions using Wood model for 2, 3, and 4 parity were yt=24.66t0.175e-0.00302t, yt=24.69t0.192e-0.00334t, and yt=24.22t0.200e-0.00341t, respectively. Phenotypic correlation (partial residual correlation) between calving interval and 305-d milk yield, A, b, c, persistency, peak day, and peak yield were 0.093, -0.014, 0.028, -0.046, 0.099, 0.085, and 0.052, respectively. To conclude, if calving interval increase then ascent to peak, persistency, peak day and peak yield are increase, and descent after peak is decrease. So, total 305-d milk yield is increase.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem (15 mg/kg) after oral administration of diltiazem with or without atorvastatin (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) in rats. Coadministration of atorvastatin increased significantly (p<0.05, 3.0 mg/kg) the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration $(C_{max})$ of diltiazem compared to the control group. The total plasma clearance (CL/F) of diltiazem was decreased significantly (p<0.05, 3.0 mg/kg) compared to the control group. The relative bioavailability (RB%) of diltiazem was increased from 1.14- to 1.49-fold. Coadministration of atorvastatin did not significantly change the elimination rate constant $(K_{el})$, terminal half-life $(T_{1/2})$ and the time to reach the peak concentration $(T_{max})$ of diltiazem. Based on these results, we can make a conclusion that the significant changes of these pharmacokinetic parameters might be due to atorvastatin, which possesses the potency to inhibit the metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) in the liver and intestinal mucosa, and also inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump in the intestinal mucosa.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of morin on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine were measured after the oral administration of nifedipine (5 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of morin (1.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, respectively). Compared to the control groups, the presence of 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg of morin significantly (p<0.05) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of nifedipine by 48.5${\sim}$68.2%, and the peak concentration (C$_{max}$,) of nifedipine by 59.9~84.2%. The absolute bioavailability(AB%) of nifedipine was significantly (p<0.05) increased by 21.5${\sim}$24.5% compared to the control (14.5%). While there was no significant change in the time to reach the peak plasma concentration (T$_{max}$) and the terminal half-life (T$_{1/2}$) of nifedipine in the presence of morin. It might be suggested that morin altered disposition of nifedipine by inhibition of both the first-pass metabolism and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump in the small intestine of rats. In conclusion, the presence of morin significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of nifedipine, suggesting that concurrent use of morin or morin-containing dietary supplement with nifedipine should require close monitoring for potential drug interaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2003

Plasma polymerized organic thin films were deposited on Si(100) glass and Copper substrates at 25 ∼ 100 $^{\circ}C$ using cyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane precursors by PECVD method. In order to compare physical and electrochemical properties of the as-grown thin films, the effects of the RF plasma power in the range of 20∼50 W and deposition temperature on both corrosion protection efficiency and physical properties were studied. We found that the corrosion protection efficiency (P$\_$k/), which is one of the important factors for corrosion protection in the interlayer dielectrics of microelectronic devices application, was increased with increasing RF power. The highest P$\_$k/ value of plasma polymerized ethylcyclohexane film (92.1% at 50 W) was higher than that of the plasma polymerized cyclohexane film (85.26% at 50 W), indicating inhibition of oxygen reduction. Impedance analyzer was utilized for the determination of I-V curve for leakage current density and C-V for dielectric constants. To obtain C-V curve, we used a MIM structure of metal(Al)-insulator(plasma polymerized thin film)-metal(Pt) structure. Al as the electrode was evaporated on the ethylcyclohexane films that grew on Pt coated silicon substrates, and the dielectric constants of the as-grown films were then calculated from C-V data measured at 1㎒. From the electrical property measurements such as I-V ana C-V characteristics, the minimum dielectric constant and the best leakage current of ethylcyclohexane thin films were obtained to be about 3.11 and 5 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-12/ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and cyclohexane thin films were obtained to be about 2.3 and 8 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-12/ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 1992

t-Stress and junction leakage current characteristics of CVD-tungsten have been investigated. Stressversus continuous annealing temperature plot. shows hysteresis curve where the stress level of the cooling curveis higher than that of the heating curve. It is found that the thermal and intrinsic stress of tungsten film depositedby SiH4 reduction is higher than that by Hz reduction.The tungsten film deposited by SiHl reduction is in the tensile stress state below 700"Cnd the stress ofthe film decreses with increasing annealing temperature. The stress state changes into compressive stress atabout 700"Cnd the compressive stress increases rapidly with increasing temperature.Leakage current of the n+/p diode increases rapidly especially in the range of 400-450$^{\circ}$C with increasingdeposition temperature of the CVD-W by SiH4 reduction, which is due to the Si consumption by W encroachment.On the other hand leakage current of the n+/p diode slightly increases with increasing SiH4/WF6 ratio.h increasing SiH4/WF6 ratio.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.970-976
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of morin, a flavonoid, on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and one of its metabolites, desacetyldiltiazem in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem were determined after oral administration of diltiazem (15 mg/kg) in rats pretreated with morin (1.5, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg). Compared with the control group (given diltiazem alone), pretreatment of morin significantly increased the absorption rate constant $(K_a)$ and peak concentration $(C_{max})$ of diltiazem (p<0.05, p<0.01). Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of diltiazem in rats pretreated with morin were significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05, p<0.01), hence the absolute bioavailability $(AB\%)$ of diltiazem was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05, p<0.01). Relative bioavailability $(RB\%)$ of diltiazem in rats pretreated with morin was increased by 1.36- to 2.03-fold. The terminal half-life $(t_{1/2})$ and time to reach the peak concentration $(T_{max})$ of diltiazem were not altered significantly with morin pretreatment. AUC of desacetyldiltiazem was increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats pretreated with morin at doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, but metabolite-parent ratio (MR) of desacetyldiltiazem was decreased significantly (p<0.05), implying that pretreatment of morin could be effective to inhibit the CYP 3A4-mediated metabolism of diltiazem. There were no apparent changes of $T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ of desacetyldiltiazem with morin pretreatment. Collectively, the pretreatment of morin significantly altered pharmacokinetics of diltiazem, which can be attributed to increased intestinal absorption as well as reduced first-pass metabolism. Based on these results, dose modification should be taken into consideration when diltiazem is used concomitantly with morin or morin-containing dietary supplements in clinical setting.