• 생약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.384-390
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• 1998

The methanol extract of Torilis Fructus showed potent anti-edematous effect in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Systematic fractionation of the extract with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol resulted in potent anti-edematous action only in hexane fraction at an oral dose of 237 mg/kg which is corresponding to 4.8 g of raw Fructus. This hexane fraction showed inhibitory effects at 77 mg/kg p.o on vascular permeability in mice, at 8mg/pouch on leucocyte emigration in rats, and at 120 mg/kg p.o. on adjuvant arthritis model in rats. These results demonstrate that hexane fraction of the extract possesses potent anti-inflammatory effect which may support its traditional uses.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1990

Aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced by SiC particles were prepared by rheocompocasting, a process which consists of the incoporation and distribution of reinforcement by stirring within a semi-solid alloy. When the volume fraction of SiCp and stirring speed were fixed, the dispersion of SiCp in Al-matrix alloy depended on stirring time and solid volume fraction in slurry. The results were as follows : 1) As a dispersed SiCp during stirring at $647^{\circ}C$ in 6063-Al alloy, SiC was better dispersed than that other temperature, where solid volume fraction was 43% in slurry. 2) When increased solid fraction in slurry, rate of dispersing SiC increased during stirring and porosities decreased in matrix alloy after casting. 3) Inspite of stirring with 800rpm, since solid particles of matrix alloy in slurry joined each other and occured joining growth, so that SiC was not dispersed into solid particle.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2010

The present study aimed to assess the antifungal properties of the essential oil fraction from Ligusticum chuanxiong (Umbelliferae) and its components against five clinically important Aspergillus species. The essential oil fraction was extracted from the underground parts of the plant by steam distillation, and its main components, namely, Z-ligustilide, butylidene phthalide, and p-cresol were isolated by column chromatography. The antifungal activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Both the total essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong and its components showed significant anti-Aspergillus activity against all five tested strains with MICs between 62.5 and 250 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. In a checkerboard microtiter assay, the combination of antibiotics, itraconazole with the essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong or its main components exhibited synergistic or additive, and in some cases indifferent, effects against the tested Aspergillus species, resulting in FICIs (fractional inhibiting concentration indices) ranging from 0.12 to 2, while the combination of antibiotics, amphothericin B with L. chuanxiong essential oils mostly showed antagonistic effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1971

20왓트 백열등(白熱燈), 20왓트 형광등(螢光燈), 및 20왓트 살균등광선(殺菌燈光線)과 직사일사광선(直射日射光線)을 정제된 식용대두유(食用大豆油)에 147일간 조사(照射)하여, 각조사시료(各照射試料)의 산화속도(酸化速度)를 그 과산화가(過酸化價)측정을 통해서 조사하였다. 각광선(各光線)의 광원(光源)과 시료(試料)사이의 거리는 1m였으며, 그 조사시간(照射時間)은 직사일사광선조사시료(直射日射光線照射試料)의 조사시간(照射時間)과 일치시켰다. 일부 시료(試料)는 전실험기간을 통해서 암실(暗室)에 두어 실험대조용(實驗對照用)으로 사용하였다. 한편, 전실험기간을 통해서 매일 각광선조사시료(各光線照射試料)의 온도(溫度)를 측정하여 온도차(溫度差)에 의한 영향도 조사하였다. 각시료(各試料)의 유도기간(誘導期間)을 그 시료(試料)의 과산화가(過酸化價)가 15가 되는데 소요되는 시간으로 정하여 각조사시료(各照射試料)의 유도기간(誘導期間)을 추정(推定)하였다. 실험대조시료(實驗對照試料), 백열등(白熱燈), 형광등(螢光燈), 살균등(殺菌燈) 및 직사일사광선조사시료(直射日射光線照射試料)들의 유도기간(誘導期間)은 각각 198, 166, 119, 52 및 6일 이었다. 일사광선(日射光線)은 조사광선(照射光線)중 가장 강한 산화촉진작용(酸化促進作用)을 보여주었다. 한편 백열등광선(白熱燈光線)은 가장 약한 촉진작용(促進作用)을 보여주었으나 그 산화촉진작용(酸化促進作用)은 뚜렷하였다. 전실험기간을 통해서 각시료(各試料)간의 온도차(溫度差)는 근소하였으므로 조사광선(照射光線)의 가열효과(加熱效果)에 의한 영향은 별로 문제가 되지 않는 듯 하다.다. 6. 얻어진 최적조건에서 2일간 배양시켜 Light Gas Oil에 대한 균체수율 16.1%를 얻었으며 건조세포의 단백질함량은 48.4%였다.(個月間) 숙성(熟成)시킨 것에 비(比)하면 일반성분(一般成分) 용출량(溶出量)은 비슷하지만 식미(食味)는 약간 떨어지나 상법(常法)으로 1개월(個月) 숙성(熟成)시킨것에 비(比)하면 매우 우량한 편이었다. 4) 각처리구중(各處理區中) 일반성분(一般成分) 용출량(溶出量)과 식미(食味)를 종합(綜合)해 볼때 국법(麴法)으로서 Asp. sojae enzyme 처리구(處理區)가 속양(速釀)간장 제조법(製造法)으로서 가장 우량하였다. fraction II-b 및 fraction III라고 명명하였다. 10. 이들 4개의 fraction은 전기 영동, 초원심상 및 자외선흡수 등으로 보아서 단일의 단백질로 생각되었다. 11. Fraction I은 Avicelase활성이 강하고, fraction II-a는 cellobiase 활성이 강하였다. 그리고 fraction II는 CMCase 활성이 강하였으며, fraction III는 CMC 점도감소 활성이 강하였다. 12. 섬유소질을 각 fraction으로 가수분해한 최종산물은 cellobiose 및 glucose였다. 그리고 fraction I과 fraction II-a는 Avicel을 협동적으로 분해하였다. 13. Fraction I의 최적 pH 5.5, fraction II-a는 pH 5.0, fraction II-b는 pH 4.0, fractionIII는 pH $4.0{\sim}4.5$이며, 각 fraction의 pH 안정성은

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.278-286
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• 1987

수분 함량을 달리한 쌀에 Aspergillus versicolor를 접종시켜 생성 Mycotoxin및 기타 형광물질을 분석하고 그 안정성과 독성등에 관해 조사한 결과 배양 추출물에서 10증의 형광물질을 분리하였고 Sterigmatocystin은 수분 16배지에서 $38{\mu}g/kg$ 25%에서는 $329{\mu}g/kg$에시는 35%에서는 $380{\mu}g/kg$이 20일 배양시 생성되었으며 Aflatoxin $B_1$은 수분 25%배지에서는 $3{\mu}g/kg$, 35%에서는 $12.6{\mu}g/kg$이 20일 배양시 생성되었다. Embryo Test에서 Fraction 2물질의 $LD_{50}$은 $40{\mu}g/egg$, Fraction 4와 6물질은 $60{\mu}g/egg$이었으며 이들 물질은 pH 2이하, PH 10 이상에서는 거의 분해되었고 Fraction 4와 6물결은 일부가 Fraction 2물질로 변화되었다. 또한 이들 Fraction 2, 4, 6물질은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 처리로 안정하였으나 $150^{\circ}C$ 60분 처리로 $60{\sim}65%$, $200^{\circ}C$ 10분 처리에서는 $95{\sim}100%$가 분해되었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1993

Radionuclide cardioangiography has been widely applied and has played major roles in non-invasive assessment of cardiac function. Three techniques, first-pass, gated first and gated equilibrium methods, have commonly been used to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction which usually abnormal in the patients with cardiopulmonary disease. It has been known that the gated first pass method is the most accurate method among the three techniques in assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction. The radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction values were determined in 13 normal subjects and in 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the gated first pass method and compared with those of the first pass method because there ha,j been no published data of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method in Korea. The values of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were compared with the detas from the pulmonary function test performed in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmomary disease. The results were as follows: 1) The values of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were $50.1{\pm}6.1%$ in normal subjects and $38.5{\pm}8.5$ in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was statistically significant difference between the right ventricular ejection fraction of each of the two groups (p < 0.05). 2) The right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method was not linearly correlated with $FEV_1$, VC, DLCO, and FVC as well as $P_aO_2$ and $P_aCO_2$ of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We concluded that right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method using radionuclide cardioangiography may be useful in clinical assessment of the right ventricular function.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2010

Antifungal and antioxidative activities of Phellodendron amurense extracts were investigated for use as a natural preservative. After separation of P. amurense into phloem, xylem, leaf and fruit each part was subjected to methanol extraction. Each MeOH extract was further fractionated with several solvents(n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethylacetate). Among the methanol extracts, extracts of phloem and leaf inhibited effectively the growth of mold fungi and rot fungi, respectively. Especially, ethylacetate fraction from phloem showed the highest growth inhibitory effects against fungi tested, such as P. citreonigrum H3, P. toxicarium H4, P. corylophilu H5, A. clavatus, P. osteatus, S. commune, and G. lucidum. The fractions of fruit, which had lower antifungal activities mostly than those of phloem, strongly inhibited rot fungi such as G. lucidum, T. versicolor, and T. palustris. Compared to ferulic acid which is well known antioxidant, ethylacetate fraction of fruit showed high antioxidative activities on concentration of 1 to $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in DPPH radical scavenging activity. As a result, antifungal and antioxidative activities of P. amurense suggest that its extract and fraction have a possibility as conservative of cultural heritage because it might get conservation effects against deteriorating microorganisms of cultural heritage.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2013

This study was performed to select adequate plant materials for developing a natural ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor by analyzing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity in fronds and rhizomes of three Dryopteridaceae species: Cyrtomium fortunei, Polystichum polyblepharum, and P. lepidocaulon. The highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor obtained from frond of P. lepidocaulon ($4.16{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and rhizome of C. fortunei ($1.84{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), showed much higher inhibition activity than acarbose ($1413.70{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The biomass required to inhibit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 50% was 0.04 ~ 0.35mg for frond and 0.03 ~ 0.10mg for rhizome, and P. lepidocaulon required the least amount of fronds and P. lepidocaulon the least rhizomes. In frond, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in water fraction of C. fortunei ($20.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and n-butanol fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($9.33{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($5.10{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In rhizome, it was the highest in n-butanol fractions of C. fortunei ($19.76{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($4.47{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ethylacetate fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($5.46{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The frond biomass required for 50% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.43mg), and n-butanol fractions of P. lepidocaulon (1.10mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.66mg). The required biomass of rhizome was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.59mg), and n-hexane fractions of P. lepidocaulon (0.04mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.15mg). The result of this study suggested that the three Dryopteridaceae species had high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity with small biomass, which might have high value as materials for economical anti-diabetic medication.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 참가시나무 추출물의 항균 활성을 측정 후 참가시나무 추출물 함유 크림을 제조하여 안정성을 평가하였다. 항균활성은 피부상재균인 Gram (+)균 S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes와 Gram (-)균 E. coli, P. aeruginosa로 실험 하였다. 참가시나무 추출물의 세가지 분획은 공통적으로 Gram (-) 세균인 E. coli에서는 항균 활성이 낮으며 Gram (-)균 P. aeruginosa에서 모두 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 참가시나무 에틸아세테이트 분획은 S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa균에서 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$, 2,500 ${\mu}g/ml$, 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$, 312 ${\mu}g/ml$으로 낮은 최소저해 농도를 가졌다. 따라서 참가시나무 에틸아세테이트 분획 0.25% 함유한 크림을 제조한 후 크림 안정성을 평가하였다. 크림은 4개의 서로 다른 온도(4, 20, 37, $45^{\circ}C$)와 태양 광선 하에서 12주 동안 보관 한 후 점도, pH 및 흡광도를 측정하였다. 추출물 함유 크림과 대조군 크림의 점도와 흡광도는 위에 언급된 여러 가지 온도 하에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. pH는 피부의 약산성도 범위(pH 4.5-6.5) 값을 가졌다. 12주 동안 크림의 변색이나 변취는 관찰되지 않았으며 크리밍이나 응집과 같은 물리적인 변화도 관찰할 수 없었다. 결과적으로 참가시나무 에틸아세테이트 분획은 항산화 및 항균 활성이 높으며 이를 함유한 크림은 다양한 온도와 태양광선 하에서 안정함을 확인하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1998

The main protein peak was observed in fraction No.9 and 109 when cellulase seperation was conducted by use of DEAE-Sephadex. The protein obtained from fraction No.9 has the characteristics of Cx component and that from fraction No.109 characteristics similiar to $C_1$ component. The effective reaction condition of the ensyme used was $40^{\circ}C$ in temperature. pH 5.0 and 90 minutes in treatment time. For the case of $C_1$ pH 5.5 in temperature range of $30^{\circ}C 50^^{\circ}C$, 4.0 5.5 in pH, and over 30 minutes of treatment time, the reaction was in the range of 80% of the maximum. Affinity of enzyme increased as freeness, increased, and this effect was more visible in fiber than in fines.