• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.873-884
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• 2021

The purpose of present study is to investigate the role of artesunate (ART) in enhancing anticancer effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on human cancer cells, and we elucidate a possible molecular mechanism of this combination effect. We showed that the combined effect of ART with NSAID such as celecoxib (CCB) or dimethyl-CCB (DMC) in various type of human cancer cells. After ART treatment, the expression of p62, nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) and cancer stemness (CS)-related proteins including CD44, CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), mutated p53 (mutp53) and c-Myc was down-regulated. ART induced autophagy as reduction of the autophagy receptor p62, which was associated with up-regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and simultaneous down-regulation of NRF2 and CS-related proteins was occurred in the human cancer cells. These results indicate a possibility that ART activates autophagy through ATF4-CHOP cascade leading to down-regulation of CS-related proteins and subsequently eradicated cancer stem cells. In addition, co-treatment with ART and imatinib was more effective than either drug alone on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of cancer cells. In conclusion, induction of autophagy-dependent cell death by ART might play a critical role in mediating the synergistic effect of drug combination (ART/NSAID and ART/imatinib). Therefore, ART could be a promising candidate as a chemosensitizer to enhance the anticancer effects of NSAID and imatinib.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2019

This study attempted to analyze the effects of cleansing oil on skin by preferred vegetable base oil. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 100 people, and their face washing habit and preferred vegetable base oils were examined. Based on the results, 4 different cleansing oils were prepared and experimented. The experiment was conducted against 10 adult women in their 20-30s, and moisture level, sebum level and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after the experiment were measured. After the test, satisfaction was measured, and the results found the followings: When asked what cleansing oil is most preferred by vegetable base oil type, 'rose hip oil' was the highest, followed by 'olive oil', 'apricot kernel oil' and 'camellia oil'. According to the clinical trials, both moisture and sebum levels increased before and after cleansing in all four cleansing oil types by the preferred vegetable base oil (p<0.001, p<0.001). In addition, TEWL decreased with a difference by base oil (p<0.01). According to a subjective satisfaction survey which was performed after the experiment, rose hip oil-contained cleansing oil (RHC) was the highest in terms of cleansing effect and satisfaction level. Consequently, it was confirmed that the cleansing oil by vegetable base oil improved skin conditions by protecting a skin barrier with a positive effect on the improvement of sebum and moisture levels and TEWL. Even though a preferred oil type and a satisfaction level may differ by preferred oil and feeling after use, cleansing oil by vegetable base can be helpful as a skin care product which eases skin dryness and protects a skin barrier.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

The optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in an edible mushroom Tremella fuciformis were studied in shake flasks and bioreactors. The temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ and pH 8 in the beginning of fermentation in agitated flasks was the most efficient condition to obtain maximum mycelial biomass and EPS. The optimal medium constituents were as follows (g l-1): glucose 20, tryptone 2, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.46, $K_2HPO_4$ 1 and $MgSO_4H_2O$ 0.5. The fungus was cultivated under various agitation and aeration conditions in a 5L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum cell mass and EPS production were obtained at a relatively high agitation speed of 200 rpm and at an aeration rate of 2 vvm. The flow behavior of the fermentation broth was Newtonian and the maximum apparent viscosity (35 cP) was observed at a highly aerated condition (2 vvm). The EPS productivity in an airlift reactor was higher than that in the stirred-tank reactor. The EPS was protein-bound polysaccharides consisted of mainly mannose, xylose, and fructose. The molecular weights of EPS were determined to be $1.3{\sim}1.5{\times}10^6$.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1396-1403
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• 2016

In streaming data analysis where underlying data distribution may be changed or the concept of interest can drift with the progress of time, the ability to adapt to concept drift can be very powerful especially in the process of incremental learning. In this paper, we develop a general framework for an adaptive incremental classifier on data stream with concept drift. A distribution, representing the performance pattern of a classifier, is constructed by utilizing the distance between the confidence score of a classifier and a class indicator vector. A hypothesis test is then performed for concept drift detection. Based on the estimated p-value, the weight of outdated data is set automatically in updating the classifier. We apply our proposed method for two types of linear discriminant classifiers. The experimental results on streaming data with concept drift demonstrate that the proposed adaptive incremental learning method improves the prediction accuracy of an incremental classifier highly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 매실 생산성 향상 분석을 위해 범용 싱글보드 컴퓨터로 제작한 원격 데이터 수집 장치를 개발하였다. 라즈베리파이와 같은 소형 범용 싱글보드 컴퓨터는 저렴하게 IoT 기반의 원격 모니터링 장치를 쉽게 개발할 수 있어 중소규모 매실 농장의 생육 환경 정보 및 재배 이력을 수집하는데 활용도가 매우 높아 생산성 향상을 위한 데이터 수집 분야에서 잠재적인 가능성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 매실의 생산성을 높이는데 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적, 생육적 요인들을 분석하기 위한 기초적인 단계에서 이러한 소형 싱글보드 컴퓨터를 이용한 원격 센싱 및 데이터 수집 장치를 개발하였다. 수집데이터로는 주변 기온과 습도, 토양의 온도와 수분함량 및 pH이다. 1차 프로토타입은 아두이노 MKR1000을 사용하여 주변 온도 및 습도 데이터 수집 및 전송 장치를 제작하고 대표적인 통신사인 KT가 운영하는 IoT Makers라는 클라우드 저장소를 사용하여 시스템을 구성하였다. MKR1000을 사용한 데이터 수집 장치의 장단점을 평가하기 위해 실내 시험을 실시하였다. 현재는 라즈베리파이를 이용한 주변 기온과 습도, 토양의 온도와 수분함량 및 pH 데이터 수집 및 전송 장치를 제작하였다. 최종 개발된 데이터 수집 장치는 2017년 순천 인근의 매실 밭에 설치되어 실제 센싱 데이터를 수집할 예정이며 수집한 데이터는 매실 생산성 향상과 관련된 요인을 분석하는데 사용할 것이다. 저가의 범용 IoT 장치를 활용한 원격 데이터 수집을 넓은 범위의 매실포장에 활용한다면, 매실의 생산성 및 품질 향상은 물론 매실의 이력추적관리의 기초 데이터를 적은 비용과 노력으로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new stereoscopic video coding approach for heterogeneous consumer devices by exploiting the concept of spatio-temporal scalability. The proposed method uses MPEG-2 standard for coding the left or main sequence and an enhanced compatible coding scheme for predicting the P- and B-type of frames of the right or auxiliary sequence. The enhanced compatible coding scheme predicts matching block by interpolating both two forward and backward motion predicted macroblocks and disparity predicted macroblock. To provide flexible stereo video service, we define both a temporally scalable layer and a spatially scalable layer for each eye-view. The experimental results show the efficiency of proposed coding scheme by comparison with already known methods and the advantages of disparity estimation in terms of scalability overhead. According to the experimental results, we expect the proposed functionalities will play a key role in establishing highly flexible stereo video service for ubiquitous computing environment where devices and network connections are heterogeneous.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

In this work, the evaluation of swirl nozzle injector performance was conducted by investigating effective area ($A_{eff}$), injection mass ($m_{inj}$), injection rate ($Q_{inj}$), and injection delay ($t_{delay}$) under various test conditions. To achieve these, fuel injection analysis system which was composed of fuel supply system, injection system, and control system was installed. At the same time, the swirl nozzle that had 12 orifice hole with $120^{\circ}$ injection angle was used in this work. It was revealed that the difference of injection mass ($m_{inj}$) between base and swirl nozzle injector increased as the injection pressure ($P_{inj}$) and energizing duration ($t_{eng}$) decreased under the same test conditions. The maximum injection rate ($Q_{inj}$) of swirl nozzle injector was higher than base nozzle injector about 2~5%. The injection performance of swirl nozzle was better than base nozzle at low injection pressure ($P_{inj}$) and short energizing duration ($t_{eng}$) conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1219-1223
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• 2019

The skin condition varies by the parts of the face. This study intended to visualize the facial skin based on the characteristics including moisture, sebum, dryness, amount of dead skin cells, and roughness by sectionalizing the facial skin into 9 areas. A total of 98 female in their 20~35s were selected, and the characteristics of skin by area were selected and listed in the order, and the area they felt each characteristic most strongly was analyzed with a weight and the result was visualized. The result showed that the area where they felt dryness the most was around the lips and eyes, and the area where the largest amount of dead skin cells and rough skin existed was the chin. There was a significant increase in moisture content (p <.05), and 90.5% of satisfaction with dryness was satisfied. The result of this study will be used as a basic data for the development of a cosmetic mask pack or a functional cosmetic product for each part.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed the implementation of software-based 2D BitBLT engine on the pSOS operating system and the operation of the BitBLT engine on patient monitoring device was verified. To verify the proposed method on the patient monitoring device, we designed prototype PCB board, and verified the operation. We designed the motherboard by using ARM9-based CPU. Because hardware-based BitBLT module was replaced with software-based one, CPU load problem was weighted. To solve this problem, w changed 400Mhz processor instead of 200Mhz processor. We implemented 2D BitBLT kernel module as a device driver which is one of the key elements of a graphics controller GUI in patient monitoring device.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2011

In this paper, a 60 GHz bidirectional active phase shifter with 130 nm CMOS is presented by replacing CMOS passive switchs in switched-line type phase shifter with Common Gate Amplifier(bidirectional amplifier). Bidirectional active phase shifter is composed of bidirectional amplifier blocks and passive delay line network blocks. The suitable topology of bidirectional amplifier block is CGA(Common Gate Amplifier) topology and matching circuits of input and output are symmetrical due to design same characteristic of it's forward and reverse way. The direction(forward and reverse way) and amplitude of amplification can be controlled by only one bias voltage($V_{DS}$) using combination bias circuit. And passive delay line network blocks are composed of microstrip line. An 1-bit phase shifter is fabricated by Dongbu HiTek 1P8M 130-nm CMOS technology and simulation results present -3 dB average insertion loss and respectively 90 degree and 180 degree phase shift at 60 GHz.