• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

A study was made to investigate the effects of concerning factors with IGF-I recovery on the final IGF-I concentration in the effluent and to establish recovery conditions of IGF-I using liquid emulsion membranes(LEM). D2EHPA was best carrier among Amberlite LA2, Aliquit 336 and D2EHPA for recovery rate of IGF-I. Recovery rate of IGF-I by D2EHPA volume in the oil phase was increased as increasing D2EHPA volume, and optimal volume of D2EHPA was 5% in this experiment. The recovery rate of IGF-I by D2EHPA was increased by the decreasing from pH 7 to pH 4 of external phase. Therefore, optimal pH value was 4.0. Optimal concentrations of sulfuric acid in internal phase, paraffin oil in oil phase and Span 80 for recovery rate of IGF-I were 0.1M, 2.0% and 5%, respectively, and optimal W/O rate was 2. These results suggested that optimal conditions for recovery of IGF-I were D2EHPA(5%) as carrier, pH 4.0, 0.1M sulfuric acid, 2% paraffin oil, 2.0 W/O rate and 5.0% Span 80.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

To determine the optimum $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate for dry matter production of Achyranthes japonica Nakai a medicinal plant, in Jeju island, plants were grown in 2001 under ten fertilizer treatments comprising of two N (90, and 180kg/ha) and five $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha) levels. Plant height leaf length and width, stem diameter, and main root length and diameter were not significantly affected by $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate while $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ fertilization of 100 kg/ha increased the number of branches, spikes, and roots per hill by 18,38 and 43%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ treatment and decreased with further increases in $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate. The number of roots per hill was greatest with the application of 200kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$. The highest utricle dry matter yield (2.92 t/ha) was obtained with the application of 100kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$. However, as $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate increased from 0 to 100 and 200kg/ha, root dry matter yield increased from 2.36 to 3.55, and 3.80 t/ha, and then decreased to 3.14, and 2.86 t/ha at 300, and 400kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rates, respectively. As $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate increased from 100 to 400 kg/ha, $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ recovery in aboveground parts decreased from 34.1 to 7.1%.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1986

Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been one of the major environmental problems because of the tissue hypoxia, especially brain tissue hypoxia, due to the great affinity of CO with hemoglobin. Inhalation of the pure oxygen$(0_2)$ under the high atmospheric pressure has been considered as the best treatment of CO poisoning by the supply of $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues with dissolved from in plasma and also by the rapid elimination of CO from the carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO). Hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ was rapidly decomposed to water and $0_2$ under the presence of catalase in the blood, but the intravenous administration of $H_2O_2$ is hazardous because of the formation of methemoglobin and air embolism. However, it was reported that the enema of $H_2O_2$ solution below 0.75% could be continuously supplied $0_2$ to hypoxic tissues without the hazards mentioned above. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2.0 kg were exposed to If CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After the acute CO poisoning, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups relating to the recovery period. The first group T·as exposed to the room air and the second group w·as inhalated with 100% $0_2$ under 1 atmospheric pressure. The third group was administered 10 ml of 0.5H $H_2O_2$ solution per kg weight by enema immediately after CO poisoning and exposed to the room air during the recovery period. The arterial blood was sampled before and after CO poisoning ana in 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the recovery period. The blood pH, $Pco_2\;and\;Po_2$ were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of HbCO was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of $H_2O_2$ enema on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and compared with the room air group and the 100% $0_2$ inhalation group. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows: The pH of arterial blood was significantly decreased after CO poisoning and until the first 15 minutes of the recovery period in all groups. Thereafter, it was slowly increased to the level of the before CO poisoning, but the recovery of pH of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was more delayed than that of the other groups during the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was significantly decreased after CO poisoning in all groups. Boring the recovery Period, $Paco_2$ of the room air group was completely recovered to the level of the before CO Poisoning, but that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the $H_2O_2$ enema group was not recovered until the 90 minutes of the recovery period. $Paco_2$ was slightly decreased after CO poisoning. During the recovery Period, it was markedly increased in the first 15 minutes and maintained the level above that before CO Poisoning in all groups. Furthermore $Paco_2$ of the $H_2O_2$ enema group was 102 to 107 mmHg and it was about 10 mmHg higher than that of the room air group during the recovery period. The saturation percentage of HbCO was increased up to the range of 54 to 72 percents after CO poisoning and in general it was generally diminished during the recovery period. However in the $H_2O_2$ enema group the diminution of the saturation percentage of HbCO was generally faster than that of the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group and the room air group, and its diminution in the 100% $O_2$ inhalation group was also slightly faster than that of the room air group at the relatively later time of the recovery period. In conclusion, the enema of 0.5% $H_2O_2$ solution is seems to facilitate the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the blood and increase $Paco_2$ simultaneously during the recovery period of the acute CO poisoning.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2005

To compare cardiopulmonary effects and recovery between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol (PRO group, n=5) and volatile induction/maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with isoflurane (ISO group, n=5), we investigated changes of heart rate, $SpO_2$, arterial pressure, rectal temperature and respiratory rate during 60 minute anesthesia and 40 minute recovery period in beagle dogs, and investigated recovery (extubation, head lift, sternal position and righting) after 60 minute anesthesia. Rectal temperature was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) from 10 to 100 minute. Heart rate was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at 40, 50, 60 minute. Respiratory rate was significantly low in PRO group (p<0.05) at induction and 70 minute. $SpO_2$ tendency was similar. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at induction and during anesthesia. Recovery was similar in two groups. We concluded that TIVA with propofol is useful in stabilizing rectal temperature and arterial pressure during anesthesia and provide fast and stable recovery.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2005

To compare the sedative effects using intermittent intravenous bolus injection with tiletamine-zolazepam (n = 5, TZ group), xylazine-ketamine (n = 5, XK group) and propofol (n = 5, PI group), we investigated the changes of hemodynamic (heart rate, arterial pressure), $SpO_2$, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pain score during 60 minute sedation and 40 minute recovery period in beagle dogs. The value of rectal temperature was significantly higher in PI groups (p<0.05) during recovery period. The value of heart rate was significantly lower in XK group (p<0.05) during sedation. The changes of respiratory rate were similar tendency in all groups. The change of $SpO_2$ was stable during sedation and value was significantly higher in PI group (p<0.05) during recovery period. The value of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly lower in XK group (p<0.05) than PI group during sedation and recovery period. Low analgesic effect occurred in PI group. We concluded that intravenous anesthesia by intermittent bolus injection with propofol is useful in stabilizing rectal temperature, $SpO_2$ and hemodynamic during sedation and provide fast recovery, but have low analgesic effect.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.372-378
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• 2016

This study focuses on the development of an alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process for the recovery of tungsten from WC/Co hardmetal sludge, and an examination of the effect of the process parameters on tungsten recovery. The alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process has four stages, i.e., oxidation of the sludge, leaching of tungsten by NaOH, refinement of the leaching solution, and precipitation of tungsten. The WC/Co hardmetal sludge oxide consists of $WO_3$ and $CoWO_4$. The leaching of tungsten is most affected by the leaching temperature, followed by the NaOH concentration and the leaching time. About 99% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is leached at temperatures above $90^{\circ}C$ and a NaOH concentration above 15%. For refinement of the leaching solution, pH control of the solution using HCl is more effective than the addition of $Na_2S{\cdot}9H_2O$. The tungsten is precipitated as high-purity $H_2WO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ by pH control using HCl. With decreasing pH of the solution, the tungsten recovery rate increases and then decrease. About 93% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is recovered by the alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

The advantages of hydrogen peroxide dissolution method were no discharge of noxious matter when dissolution of iron wire which used as the center supporter, reactions occur in room temperature and easy to recover dissolved iron. This study was aimed at gathering the basic data of iron wire dissolution- recovery process and proposes the reaction condition of iron wire dissolution- recovery process rind the factors influencing those reactions. The results were as follows : 1 . Hydrogen peroxide dissolution method used hydrochloric acid as the catalyst. 1. In the dissolution of iron wire(1.668 g), the condition of reaction was E1702(30 ml), HCI(20 ml) and $H_2O$(200 ml) ; time of the reaction was 18 min. P.W.(Piece weight) was 7.75 mg, and C.R. was $2.34{\;}{\Omega}$ 2. In the dissolution of iron wire(1.529 g), the condition of reaction was H7O2(30 ml), HCI(20 ml) and $H_2O$(200 ml), time of the reaction was 21 min., P.W.(Piece weight) was 7.73 mg, and C.R. was $2.35{\;}{\Omega}$. Hydrogen peroxide dissolution method used sulfuric acid as the catalyst. 1. In the dissolution of iron wire(0.834 g), the condition of reaction was $H_2O$(65 ml), $H_2SO_4$(5 ml) and 1702(5 ml) ; time of the reaction was 5 min.30 sec, P.W.(Piece weight) was 7.74 mg, and C.R. was $2.33{\;}{\Omega}$ 2. In the dissolution of iron wire(1.112 g), the condition of reaction was $H_2O$(65 ml), $H_2SO_4$(5 ml) and $H_2O_2$(5 ml) ; time of the reaction was 4 min.30 sec, P.W.(Piece weight) was 7.75 mg, and C.R. was $2.33{\;}{\Omega}$. Hydrogen peroxide dissolution method used hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as the catalyst confirmed a clean technology, because there were not occurred a pollutant discharged in the existing method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 1992

To evaluate the effect of oxygenation[95% O2+5% CO2] of St. Thomas Hospital No.2 cardioplegic solution[Plegisol], 20 isolated perfused rat hearts were studied under hyp-othermic[20oC] ischemic arrest for 2 hours with infusion of cardioplegic solution every 30 minutes throughout the ischemic period. Ten isolated hearts were studied with the oxygenated cardioplegic solution and 10 another isolated hearts with the nonoxygenated one. Mean oxygen tensions of the nonoxygenated and oxygenated cardioplegic solutions were 150mmHg and 470mmHg, respectively. Two in 10 hearts infused with the nonaxygenated cardioplegic solution were not recovered from nonworking heart due to persistent ventricular fibrillation. In comparing hem-odynamic parameters between both groups, the mean postischemic recovery[expressed as a percentage of its preischemic control value] was significantly greater with the oxygenated solution[in 10 recovered hearts] than the nonoxygenated solution[in 8 recovered hearts] [95.9$\pm$1.8% compared with 88.5$\pm$2.9% in peak aortic pressure, p<0.05, 75.7$\pm$5.2% compared with 43.5$\pm$6.5% in aortic flow, p<0.01, 75.5$\pm$4.6% compared with 54.1$\pm$5.6% in cardiac output, p<0.01, 78.3$\pm$4.6% compared with 60.3$\pm$4.6% compared with 60.3$\pm$6.2% in stroke volume, p<0.05, and 80.4$\pm$5.3% compared with 58.6$\pm$7.0% in dP/dT, p<0.05]. It is concluded that oxygenation of St. Thomas Hospital No.2 cardioplegic solution improves cardiac electrical stability and postischemic hemodynamic recovery after ischemic arrest in the isolated perfused rat heart.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.306-313
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• 2019

It is important to identify the most suitable anesthetic agent that has minimal side effects to be able to control and perform surgeries on bears. In this study, we examined and compared the induction and recovery times as well as the physiological changes occurring during anesthesia induced by medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine (MZT) and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine (XZT) at general anesthesia for laparoscopic salpingectomy in 326 female Asiatic black bears. The body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and levels of PaO₂ and EtCO₂ were the physiological changes measured during surgical procedures in female bears after anesthesia. In addition, the levels of pO₂, pCO₂, and sO₂ were measured using a portable blood gas analyzer. To induce recovery from anesthesia, bears anesthetized with MZT were intravenously administered atipamezole and bears anesthetized with XZT were intravenously administered yohimbine. The combination MZT, at dosages of 0.019 ± 0.001 mg/kg for medetomidine and 1.4 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, or the combination XZT, at dosages of 2.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for xylazine and 3.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, proved to be reliable and effective in anesthetizing Asiatic black bears for a 40-min handling period for routine clinical procedures. The average anesthesia induction times were 16.5 ± 0.95 min for the bears in the MZT group and 12.0 ± 0.44 min for those in the XZT group. A significant difference was noted between the two drugs (P < 0.001) in terms of the average anesthesia induction time. The anesthesia induction time was shorter for bears with lower body weights than those with higher body weights (P < 0.05). The recovery time of MZT was significantly faster than that of XZT (11.3 ± 0.45 min vs. 18.5 ± 0.83 min) (P < .001). The bears anesthetized with MZT exhibited lower cardiopulmonary suppression than those anesthetized with XZT (P < 0.05). The body temperatures and EtCO₂ of bears in the M ZT group were significantly lower than those in the XZT group as time progressed after anesthesia (P < 0.05). The average pO₂ before the bears were supplied with oxygen was 64.8 ± 3.7 mmHg, but it increased to 211.5 ± 42.5 mmHg afterwards (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicate that bears anesthetized with MZT have longer anesthesia induction time, shorter recovery time, slower heart and respiratory rates, and lower body temperatures and EtCO₂ than those anesthetized with XZT. These findings suggest that XZT is preferable to MZT, warranting further research on its uses and clinical responses in bears.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

A large tons of spent iron oxide catalyst come from the Styrene Monomer(SM) production company. It is caused to pollute the land and underground water due to the high alkali contents in the catalyst by burying them in the landfill. In order to recycle the spent catalyst, a basic study on the recovery of chromium ion from metal plating wastewater with the spent catalyst was carried out. The iron oxide catalyst adsorbed physically $Cr^{+6}$ in the lower pH 3.0, that is the isoelectric point of the spent catalyst. It was found that the iron oxide catalyst reduced the $Cr^{+6}$ into Cr+3 by the oxidation of ferrous ion into ferric ion on the surface of catalyst, and precipitated as $Cr(OH)_3$ in the higher than pH 3.0. The $Cr^{+6}$ was recovered 2.0∼2.3g/L catalyst in the range of pH 0.5∼2.0, but it was recovered 1.5 g/L catalyst at pH 3.0 of wastewater. The recovery of Cr was increased as the higher concentration in the continuous process, but the flowrates were nearly affected on the Cr recovery.