• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2015

Reduced forms of iron, such as zero-valent ion (ZVI) and ferrous ion (Fe[II]), can activate dissolved oxygen in water into reactive oxidants capable of oxidative water treatment. The corrosion of ZVI (or the oxidation of (Fe[II]) forms a hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) intermediate and the subsequent Fenton reaction generates reactive oxidants such as hydroxyl radical ($^{\bullet}OH$) and ferryl ion (Fe[IV]). However, the production of reactive oxidants is limited by multiple factors that restrict the electron transfer from iron to oxygen or that lead the reaction of $H_2O_2$ to undesired pathways. Several efforts have been made to enhance the production of reactive oxidants by iron-induced oxygen activation, such as the use of iron-chelating agents, electron-shuttles, and surface modification on ZVI. This article reviews the chemistry of oxygen activation by ZVI and Fe(II) and its application in oxidative degradation of organic contaminants. Also discussed are the issues which require further investigation to better understand the chemistry and develop practical environmental technologies.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

Isotopes of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AM and AEM) are the main contributors to the heat load and the radiotoxicity of spent fuel (SF) . These components are separated from the SF and dissolved in a molten LiCl in an electrolytic reduction process. A mass transfer model is developed to describe the diffusion behavior of Cs, Sr, and Ba in the SF into the molten salt. The model is an analytical solution of Fick's second law of diffusion for a cylinder which is the shape of a cathode in the electrolytic reduction process. And the model is also applied to depict the concentration profile of the oxygen ion which is produced by the electrolysis of Li$_{2}$O. The regressed diffusion coefficients of the model correlating the experimentally measured data are evaluated to be greater in the order of Ba, Cs, and Sr for the metal ions and the diffusion of the oxygen ion is slower than the metal ions which implies that different mechanisms govern the diffusion of the metal ions and the oxygen ions in a molten LiCl.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.480-485
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• 2017

Soft mold imprinting method that uses nanostructured polymer mold was investigated for anti-reflection film fabrication. The nanostructured soft mold was polyethylene terephthalate(PET) irradiated by oxygen ion beams. The collisional energy transfer between oxygen ion and the polymer surface induced cross-linking and scission reactions, resulting in self-organized nanostructures with regular patterns of the wavenumber of $5{\mu}m^{-1}$. Post processes including ultra-violet curable resin coating and delamination fabricated anti-reflection films. The imprinted resin surface also showed the consistent wavenumber, $5{\mu}m^{-1}$. Pristine PET, oxygen ion beam treated PET, and imprinted replica sample showed total transmittance of 91.04, 93.25, and 93.57-93.88%, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1256-1260
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• 2007

Two β-diketone derivatives bearing triphenylene (1-naphthalene-2-yl-3-triphenylen-2-yl-propane-1,3-dione (NTPD)) and naphthalene (1,3-di-naphthalene-2-yl-propane-1,3-dione (DNPD)) and their Ln(III) complexes (Ln = Er or Gd) were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated. The sensitized emission of Er3+ ion in Er3+-[NTPD]3(terpy) and Er3+-[DNPD]3(terpy) was observed upon excitation at absorption maximum of ligands. Their photophysical studies indicate the sensitization of Er3+ luminescence by energy transfer through the excited triplet state of β-diketone ligand. The energy transfer rate through the excited triplet state of β-diketone ligand to Er3+ ion occurs faster than that of the oxygen quenching rate.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2012

An experimental study of mass transfer to an amalgamated copper rotating disc electrode has been employed to determine an empirical correlation for the mass transfer rate in laminar flow. The study was performed in a three-electrodes configuration using 0.1 M boric acid and 0.1M potassium chloride as supporting electrolyte with Zn (II) concentration in the range (25-100 mg $dm^{-3}$). Polarization curves at different zinc ion concentration are reported. Hydrogen and oxygen reduction has also been considered.The diffusion coefficients and mass transfer coefficient were obtained using limiting diffusion current technique based on zinc ion reduction. A least squares analysis indicates that the laminar flow results for 13067 < Re > 57552 and 550 < Sc > 1390 can be correlated by the following equation with correlation coefficient (CR) equal to 0.98: $sh=0.61Re^{0.5}Sc^{1/3}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.636-640
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• 1994

The nonstoichiometric perovskite solid solutions of the $Nd_{1-x}Sr_xFeO_{3-y}$ system for the compositions of x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 have been prepared at $1150^{\circ}C$ in the air pressure. The compound of x=0.00, NdFe$O_{3.0}$, contains only $Fe^{3+}$ ion in octahedral site and the others involves the mixed valence state between $Fe^{3+}$ and $Fe^{4+}$ ions. The mole ratio of $Fe^{4+}$ ion or the ${\tau}$-value increases steadily with the x-value and then is maximized at the compositionof x= 1.00. The nonstoichiometric chemical formulas of the system are formulated from the x, ${\tau}$ and y values. From the Mossbauer spectroscopy, the isomer shift of $Fe^{3+}$ ion decreases with the increasing x-value, which is induced by the electron transfer between the$Fe^{3+}$ and $Fe^{4+}$ ions. The transfer is made possible by the indirect interaction between $Fe^{3+}$ and$Fe^{4+}$ ions via the oxygen ion. The eg electrons of the$Fe^{3+}$ ions are delocalized over all the Fe ions. Due to the electron transfer, the activation energy of electrical conductivity is decrease with the increasing amount of $Fe^{4+}$ ion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2004

The objective of this work is to evaluate the hypothesis that a good technique for supplying oxygen to the saturated zone in the presence of light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) pool contamination at the water table is to pass air through the unsaturated zone above the pool. This hypothesis was evaluated in experimental studies performed using a bench-scale, sand-tank reactor, Steady-state abiotic experiments in the sand-tank reactor with air flowing through the reactor headspace demonstrated that oxygen supply through the water table interface into the saturated zone was enhanced when an LNAPL (dodecane) pool was present at the water table. These experimental results confirmed the hypothesis that an LNAPL pool can serve as a high concentration oxygen source to the oxygen-limited area beneath the pool and, as a result, enhance the in situ biodegradation rate.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2008

This study aims to devise and analyze a power generation system combining the solid oxide fuel cell and oxy-fuel combustion technology. The fuel cell operates at an elevated pressure, a constituting a SOFC/gas turbine hybrid system. Oxygen is extracted from the high pressure cathode exit gas using ion transport membrane technology and supplied to the oxy-fuel power system. The entire system generates much more power than the fuel cell only system due to increased fuel cell voltage and power addition from oxy-fuel system. More than one third of the power comes out of the oxy-fuel system. The system efficiency is also higher than that of the fuel cell only system. Recovering most of the generated carbon dioxide is major advantage of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2001

(La,Sr)MnO$_3$(LSM)-YSZ 복합체 양극의 산소환원 반응기구에 대해 고찰하였다. YSZ를 첨가함에 따라 복합체 양극의 ohmic 저항이 증가하고, 분극 저항은 YSZ를 40 wt%~50 wt% 혼합하였을 때 최소값을 나타내었다. 또한 LSM-YSZ 복합체 양극의 산소환원 반응기구는 1가 산소이온의 표면확산과 산소이온전달반응에 의해서 지배됨을 알 수 있었다. 임피던스 분석 결과에 따르면 고주파수 영역에서 나타나는 반원은 산소이온전달반응으로 산소분압 의존성이 거의 없고, YSZ가 40 wt% 첨가되었을 때 최소값을 나타내었다. 중간주파수 영역에서 나타나는 반원은 1가 산소이온의 표면확산반응으로 산소분압 의존성은 약 1/4이고, YSZ가 40~50 wt% 첨가되었을 때 최소값을 나타냈다. 한편, 저주파수 영역에 나타나는 반원은 가스확산반응으로 산소분압 의존성이 1이고, 온도에 따른 의존성이 거의 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.372-381
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• 1985

Oxo molybdenum (V) complexes of substituted 8-quinolinols were synthesized and characterized by means of the investigation of elemental analysis, infrared spectra, electron spectra, electric conductivity and mass spectrometry compared with oxo molybdenum (VI) complexes. Oxo molybdenum(V) complexes were nonelectrolyte and one strong band of stretching mode of molybdenum and terminal oxygen appeared approximately $940cm^{-1}$. Oxo molybdenum(VI) complexes gave two peaks corresponding molybdenum containing ions, a molecular ion (I) of a 2 : 1 (ligand : metal) chelate and a fragment ion (II) of a 1:1 chelate due to the loss of ligand radical from ion (I). Molybdenum(V) complexes were observed the fragment ion(II) of a 1 : 1 chelate partly. The electronic spectra corresponding to d-d transition and charge transfer transition were observed and interpreted.