• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different intensity of aerobic exercise for four weeks on cardiovascular risk factors, reactive oxygen, and antioxidant enzymes in old mice. Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice age 18 months were randomly classified into the control group (n= 6), the moderate intensity exercise group (n= 6), and the low intensity exercise group (n= 6). The training groups performed the aerobic exercise twice daily for 20 minutes, five days weekly for four weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Chi-square test, and the Tukey's test with the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Results: In this study, among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, blood sugar (BS) (p= .023) and total cholesterol (TC) (p= .001) were significantly different between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the reactive oxygen malondialdehyde (MDA) (p= .001), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< .001) and glutathione reductase (GR) (p= .015) between the moderate intensity exercise group and the control group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that moderate intensity aerobic exercise promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lowers cardiovascular risk factors in older mice.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate air injection mode on stabilization of solid waste in lysimeter. For three lysimeters, one was maintained under anaerobic condition as control, and air was injected into two lysimeters in continuous mode (atmospheric pressure) and intermittent mode (high pressure of 2 bar). Distilled water was sprayed over solid waste in 1.4 l/$m^3$(solid waste)/day, supposing rainfall intensity of 1,200 mm/yr and 30% infiltration. Oxygen in landfill gas was not detected in control lysimeter during operational days. After 30 day-aeration, oxygen concentrations of continuous and intermittent modes were maintained in 14% and 6%, respectively. $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies of continuous and intermittent modes were about 70% and 50%, and BOD5 removal efficiencies were about 80% and 20%, respectively. In view of oxygen supply, and $COD_{Cr}$ and $BOD_5$ removal, continuous air injection mode of atmospheric pressure was more effective than intermittent mode of 2 bar. Settling degree of solid waste in case of two air injection modes was 3 times higher than that of anaerobic condition as control. Considering the above results, it was thought that air injection (especially continuous atmospheric pressure) could improve degradation of solid waste and induce preliminary stabilization in landfill site.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

In order to test the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and $\alpha$-tocopherol on full-thickness skin grafts in rats, we peeformed full-thickness skin grafts bilaterally on rats. After surgery, we analyzed the tissue-concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)/reductase(GPr) on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. The four groups had similar patterns of change in SOD, catalase, GPx and GPr values. SOD increased initially, and was significantly increased at day 7, returning to the preoperative activity level on day 14 (control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol). Catalase had a similar pattern of change as the SOD enzyme activity, except for the surgical control on day 2. Glutathione peroxidase/reductase activity in the four groups had a similar pat-tern of enzyme activity, with a significant increase from preoperative level on day 4, peaking during days 7 to 10, and returning to preoperative level on day 21(surgical control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol-treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol treated group). Hence, the clinical use of HBO and $\alpha$-tocopherol mixture can be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for free skin grafts in rats. But, the antioxidant used, its dose, and the timing of its administration, as well as, the exposure time and the pressure of HBO, should be the subject of further research.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find out biological response of bivalves exposed to tributyltin chloride(TBTCl). The results of the study confirmed that TBTCl induce the reduction of oxygen consumption rateand histopathological feature in the gill structure of equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis. The experi-mental groups consisted of a control and 3 TBTCl exposure groups (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 yg TBTCl L') and theexperimental period was 36 weeks. For histological analysis, gill tissues were fixed in Bouin's fluid andthen stained H-E stain, AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction and Masson's trichrome stain after having serially sec-tioned the tissue by paraffin method at thickness of 4-6 (an. The oxygen consumption rate was not signifi-cantly different between the control and exposure groups at 4 weeks, but in all exposure groups at 28 weeks,it was significantly different to the control. Gill of G. veneriformis had demibranch that attached two sheetsof lamellae and a lamella was composed of numerous filaments, numbering 25 on average. The frontal fila-ment zone had three types of cilia; frontal, latero-frontal and lateral depending on locations while the lateralcilia were the longest and largest in number. The mucous cells observed in filaments were more abundant in(542c) in AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction. Gill exposed to TBTCl was extended hemolymph sinus and increased hemocytes at 4 weeks, and then it showed increases of mucous cells and partially disappearance of frontalcilia. In the group of 0.8 yg TBTCl L' at 12 weeks, hypertrophy of frontal and latero-frontal epithelia wasobserved. Also it observed m decrease of mucous cell containing weekly acid mucosubstance and appearedpartially destruction muscle fiber bundle, In the groups of 0.4 and 0.6 ug TBTCl L' at 36 weeks, it appearedpartially modification of epithelia and in 0.8 us TBTCl L' group, observed filaments that come out chiti-nous rod from disappearance of frontal and latero-frontal epithelia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

Alveolar macrophages play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of silicosis since the macrophages may release a wide variety of toxic and inflammatory mediators as well as mitogenic growth factors. In the present study, the effects of in vitro exposure to silica on release of various mediator such as reactive oxygen species, platelet activating factor(PAF), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by alveolar macrophages were examined. First, hydrogen peroxide release from alveolar macrophages was monitored by measuring the change in fluorescence of scopoletin in the absence or presence of graded concentration of silica. Significantly enhanced release of hydrogen peroxide was observed at 0.5 mg/ml and above. A maximal enhancement of 10 fold above control was observed at 5 mg/ml silica. Similarly, in vitro exposure to silica also significantly stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence from alveolar macrophages at 0.5 mg/ml and above with n maximal enhancement of 8 fold at 5 mg/ml silica. Second, PAF release from alveolar macrophages after 30 min incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ in absence or presence of zymosan and silica was determined by measuring $^{3}H-serotonin$ release ability of the conditioned macrophage supernates from platelets. 5 mg/ml zymosan as a positive control fur the PAF assay increased PAF release by 19 % of total serotonin release. Furthermore, silica also resulted in significant enhancement of the PAF release compared with that in unstimulated (control) cells, i.e., $17.7{\pm}5.8%$ and $24.0{\pm}4.9%$ of total serotonin release at 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml silica, respectively, which represents the release of nanomole levels of PAF. Lastly, IL-1 production by alveolar macrophages was analysed following their stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and silica by their capacity to stimulate thymocyte proliferation. $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ LPS resulted in an 11 fold increase in IL-1 production. In comparison, $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ silica resulted in a 4 fold increase in IL-1 release. These data indicate that in vitro exposure of alveolar macrophages to silica activates the release of various bioactive mediators such as reactive oxygen species, PAF and IL-1 which thus contribute to amplification of inflammatory reactions and regulation of fibrotic responses by the lung after inhalation of silica.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2024

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effects of a brain spinning program on cognitive function, body composition, health related fitness and physical self-efficacy of children and adolescents. Methods : This study, 34 children and adolescents were selected and divided into two groups : the exercise group (n=16), which received a brain spinning program and the control group (n=16), which did not receive any exercise program. The program was conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for 4 weeks, and the cognitive function, body composition, health related fitness and physical self-efficacy were measured both before and after the program. Results : The exercise group, which received a brain spinning program showed a significant increase in short-term memory (p<.05) and working memory (p<.01), and muscle mass increased significantly only in the exercise group (p<.05). In addition, left grip strength increased in the exercise group (p<.01), and the maximum oxygen intake decreased significantly only in the control group (p<.05), and Sit-forward bend increased significantly only in the exercise group (p<.01). Physical self-efficacy significantly increased only in the exercise group (p<.05). Conclusion : In summary, short-term memory, cognitive efficiency, working memory, muscle mass, left grip strength, maximum oxygen intake, and left forward bending in children and adolescents significantly increased after the 4-week brain spinning program. However, the control group that was not provided with the 4-week brain spinning program showed a significant increase in body weight and a significant decrease in maximum oxygen intake. In conclusion, the 4-week brain spinning program has positive effects on short-term memory, cognitive function, muscle mass, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and physical self-efficacy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm(Bombyx moril L.) powder on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in cholesterol levels of brain memberanes by administration of silkworm powder (SWP). Membrane fluidities were significantly increased(21.5% and 30.8%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between brain microsomes could not obtained. Basal oxygen radicals (BORs) in brain mitochondria and mircrosomes were significantly inhibited(8.5% and 16.5%, 16.8%and 24.8%, respectively) by SWP-200 and SEP-400 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals(IORs) in brain mitochondria were significantly inhibited(16.6% and 21.4%, respectively)by sWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but IOR in brain microsome were significantly inhibited about 16.0% by SWP-400 groups only compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreaed(14.8%and 22.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but LPO level was significantly decreased about 16.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only. Oxidized protein(OP) levels were remarkably decreased(about 14.8% and 16.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but OP level was significantly decreased about 13.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group, Theses results suggest that administration of in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. These results suggest that administration of SWP may play effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in brain membranes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is one of the master regulators of immune and metabolic cellular functions. HIF-1α, a transcriptional factor whose activity is closely related to oxygen levels, is a target for understanding infectious disease control. Several studies have demonstrated that HIF-1α plays an important role during the infectious process, while its role in relation to parasite virulence has not been addressed. In this work, we studied the expression levels of HIF-1α and related angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in human macrophages infected with promastigotes of hypo- or hyper-virulent Leishmania major human isolates. L. major parasites readily subverted host macrophage functions for their survival and induced local oxygen consumption at the site of infection. In contrast to hypo-virulent parasites that induce high HIF-1α expression levels, hyper-virulent L. major reduced HIF-1α expression in macrophages under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and consequently impeded the expression of VEGF-A mRNA. HIF-1α may play a key role during control of disease chronicity, severity, or outcome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

수태는 많은 신체적인 기능들의 높은 에너지 요구 및 산소요구량 증가로 인하여 생리적인 변화를 수반한다. 때문에 산소 섭취량 및 이용이 증가하여 산화적인 스트레스의 증가를 기대할 수 있다. 수태중에 발생되는 free radical에 대하여 홍삼사포닌 투여가 간 항산화효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 수태중에 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 활성은 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 glutathione peroxidase(GPX) , gluthatione reductase (GRD)와 catalase의 활성도는 수태중에 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 반면에 사포닌 투여군은 대조군 비하여 GRD 및 catalase의 활성도에 유의한 변화를 나타냈다. 사포닌 투여군의 GPX의 활성도는 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향이 다소 적게 나타났다. 수태중 대조군의 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 활성도는 항상성을 유지하기 위해 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군도 대조군에 비하여 이 효소의 활성도가 더욱 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 분만 후 대조군 및 사포닌 투여군은 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 수태와 같은 생체변화에도 불구하고 수태한 흰쥐의 간 항산화 효소활성에 대한 사포닌의 영향은 산소독성에 대하여 모체간을 보호해주는 생리적 항상성의 적응메카니즘에 의하여 조절되는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2008