• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n=6) and untrained (UT; n=6) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (R), Maximal (M), High intensity (H), and Low intensity (L). The percent body fat and RMR of all subjects were measured at every periods. The RMR was measured early in the morning following a 12-hour fast using MMX3B gas analyzer and blood sample were collected from the anticubital vein to investigate thyroid hormonal (T3, T4, Free T3, Free T4, & TSH) changes. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value/BSA $(kcal/d/m^2)$. And We also analyzed mean energy expenditure for 30 minutes during and after different intensity exercise. There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in TR (p < .05) not in the UT group. however, there was no significant different percent body fat in TR and in UT group. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different between TR and UT in HEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) & LEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the TR group at H period and in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in TR group at L period, however there was no significant different in the UT group. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (TR) and untrained (VI). The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (M), high intensity exercise (H), and low intensity exercise (L). From the results, Low intensity of exercise (L), there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the TR not for the UT. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the TR group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 1996

초식성 요각류인 Tigriopus japonicus를 대상으로 사망률과 반수치사농도$(LC_{50})$ 및 호흡대사에 미치는 카드뮴의 급성 및 만성독성영향을 조사하였던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 염분 32, 26 및 $18\%_{\circ}$에서 T. japonicus에 대한 카드뮴의 96시간 반수치사농도$(96hr.-LC_{50})$는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 각각 15.1, 13.7 및 9.9 ppm이었고, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 21.6, 15.0 및 11.0ppm으로 나타나 수온의 감소와 염분의 증가에 따라 반수치사농도는 증가되었다. 96시간동안 카드뮴에 노출시킨 후 산소소비율은 $10^{\circ}C$에 비해 $20^{\circ}C$에서 높게 나타났으며, 카드뮴농도의 증가에 따라 보다 크게 감소되었다. 염분 $32\%_{\circ}$ 및 Cd농도 4ppm에서 T. japonicus의 생존률과 25일동안의 반수치수농도$(25days-LC_{50})$는 $10^{\circ}C$의 경우 각각 $5\%$와 0.05ppm이었고, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 $0\%$와 0.28ppm을 나타내었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2019

수온은 양식어류의 생존에 영향을 미치는 가장 주요한 환경 요인이며, 겨울철 급작스런 수온 하강은 양식어류의 질병과 집단폐사 발생의 요인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구는 겨울철 수온 하강으로 인해 빈번하게 폐사가 발생하고 있는 말쥐치의 양식관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 말쥐치의 하한수온내 성범위, 산소소비율, 혈액학적 및 조직학적 반응을 조사하였다. 수온 5℃에서 노출 3일째, 수온 6℃에서는 노출 4일째 모두 폐사하여 말쥐치의 저수온에 대한 반수치사 하한수온은(LT₅₀) 6.97℃ (6.69~7.27℃)였다. 산소소비율은 수온 하강에 따라 감소하여 수온 간 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 나타내었다. 혈액내 활성산소 소거효소인 SOD활성도는 대조구 10℃에 비해 수온 6℃에서 유의하게 상승하였다(p<0.05). 반면 CAT는 실험수온 간에 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05), 삼투질농도는 대조구와 실험수온 간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 코티졸은 대조구에 비해 수온 하강에 따라 증가하였으며 수온 간 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 간의 조직학적 변화는 혈관내 혈구의 감소, 간세포의 공포화와 간세포 핵의 응축, 췌장 외분비 선세포의 위축 및 효소원과립들이 감소하였다.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2017

Background: Traditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features. Methods: Forty healthy, young ($22.3{\pm}1.4$ years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. Results: The SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY. Conclusion: SC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.690-697
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ad libitum and restricted feeding regimen on fasting heat production (FHP) and body composition. Methods: Twelve Hubbard broilers breeders were selected with the same body weight and submitted in two feeding regimes: Restricted (T1) with feed intake of 150 g/bird/d and ad libitum (T2). The birds were randomly distributed on the treatments in two runs with three replications per treatment (per run). The birds were adapted to the feed regimens for ten days. After that, they were allocated in the open-circuit chambers and kept for three days for adaptation. On the last day, oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) were measured by 30 h under fasting. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated as the VCO₂/VO₂ ratio, and the heat production (HP) was obtained using the Brower equation (1985). The FHP was estimated throughout the plateau of HP 12 hours after the feed deprivation. The body composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning at the end of each period. Data were analyzed for one-way analysis of variance using the Minitab software. Results: The daily feed intake was 30 g higher to T2 (p<0.01) than the T1. Also, the birds of the T2 had significatively (p<0.05) more oxygen consumption (+3.1 L/kg^0.75/d) and CO₂ production (+2.2 L/kg^0.75/d). That resulted in a higher FHP 359±14 kJ/kg^0.75/d for T2 than T1 296±17.23 kJ/kg^0.75/d. In contrast, the RQ was not different between treatments, with an average of 0.77 for the fasting condition. In addition, protein and fat composition were not affected by the treatment, while a tendency (p<0.1) was shown to higher bone mineral content on the T1. Conclusion: The birds under ad libitum feeding had a higher maintenance energy requirement but their body composition was not affected compared to restricted feeding.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2014

동합금이 사육 생물에게 미치는 생리적 영향을 조사하기 위해 화학적 조성이 다른 5종류의 금속판을 넣은 수조에서 사육한 북방전복을 대상으로 성패와 치패의 생존율, 호흡 및 배설률 그리고 기관별 중금속 축적률을 조사하였다. 생존율은 치패와 성패가 각각 27-60%와 63-83%로 성패가 더 높게 나타났다. 합금 조성에 따른 생존율의 뚜렷한 차이는 나타나지 않으나 중금속 축적률 그리고 영양적인 스트레스 등을 고려하면 동합금망은 전복 양성을 위한 가두리로서는 적합하지 못할 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2001

Temperate-resident bats exhibit a circadian cycle of torpor and arousal In summer. The physiological role and selective advantage of torpor as an energy saving mechanism have been received much attention by hibernation biologists. However, despite the significance of the recovering euthermic function, the arousal process and mechanism in these animals have been poorly addressed. In this study, we investigated thermogenic and motor activities of a local bat species Murina leucogaster during arousal by simultaneously examining oxygen consumption rate, body temperature ($T_b$) and pectoral electromyography (EMG). We found that Tb of the torpid bats (12-14$^{\circ}C$) was augmented slowly by nonshivering mechanism during the initial awakening phase. The pectoral shivering, gauged by EMG activity, occurred between 17$^{\circ}C$ and 38$^{\circ}C$. Over this Tb range of shivering, heat was produced at a rate of 0.145 kcal $kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ to raise 1$^{\circ}C$ $T_b$ per min. Shivering was most intensive at 30-35$^{\circ}C$ where both EMG amplitude and spike frequency were the highest. Activation of the pectoral myofibers seemed to be controlled in a manner that motor units were recruited from smaller to larger sizes, with greater synchronization, as muscle shivering became intensive with increasing $T_b$.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of a rehabilitation program on quality of life (QOL), cardiopulmonary function and fatigue during radiotherapy for breast cancer patients. The program includes aerobic exercise, stretching and strengthening exercises. Sixty-five women participated in this study and they were asked to perform supervised exercises that last for 60 minutes five times a week for six weeks. The European organization for research and treatment of cancer-cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the breast (EORTC QLQ-BR23), predicted maximal volume of oxygen consumption ($VO_{2max}$) and fatigue severity scale (FSS) were assessed before and after the rehabilitation program. The 60-minute program consisted of a 10-minute warm-up, 30-minute of aerobic exercises, and 15-minute of strengthening exercises, followed by a five-minute cool-down. Heart rates were monitored throughout the exercise class to ensure that patients were exercising at the target heart rate of 40~75% of the age-adjusted heart rate maximum. There were statistically significant differences in the changes of physical function and cancer related symptoms in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 (p<.05). There was a statistically significant improvement in the predicted $VO_{2max}$ (p<.05), although there were no significant differences in the FSS (p>.05). The results of our study suggest that a supervised rehabilitation program may benefit the physical aspects and QOL of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.419-435
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to suggest the design requirements for Korean naval duty uniforms by evaluating the physiological and psychological comfort while wearing the uniforms. Two sets of wear trials were conducted with summer uniforms(eight young males) and winter uniforms(seven other young males). The summer wear trial consisted of 10-min rest, 60-min exercise, and 10-min recovery at an air temperature($T_{air} $) of $33^{\circ}C$ and 62%RH, followed by 10-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of $23^{\circ}C$ and 64%RH(total 90 min). The winter wear trial consisted of 20-min rest at $T_{air} $ $20^{\circ}C$ and 55%RH, 25-min rest, 30-min exercise, and 35-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of 0oC and 43%RH(total 110 min). Rectal and seven skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, heart rate, oxygen consumption, total sweat rate, and subjective perceptions were measured during the wear trials. By evaluating the experimental results from the wear trials, we extracted the following psycho-physiological design requirements to improve the current Korean naval uniforms: (1) It is important to maintain the skin temperatures within their comfort range, which depends on the body region (higher than $30^{\circ}C$ in winter, but less than $35^{\circ}C$ in summer). (2) In summer, the feet should be protected from the high heat of the ship floor surface. (3) In summer, sweat from the back should be sufficiently absorbed and allowed to dry quickly.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2010

본 연구는 전산유체역학기법을 통해 화재유동을 수치적으로 모델링하고 화재발열량계 내부의 유동특성과 발열량 측정의 불확실성에 영향을 미치는 주요 측정인자들의 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 수치해석에 이용된 프로그램은 ANSYS사의 CFX 12.1이고 에디소산모델과 P-1 근사법을 적용하여 연소반응과 복사열전달을 해석한다. 수치해석결과 $90^{\circ}$ 곡관이 적용된 배기덕트의 경우 측정면에서 상대적으로 비대칭성이 높은 유동분포를 보였으며 속도장의 편차가 온도나 농도장의 편차에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 통해 신뢰성 높은 화재발열량계의 구축을 위한 설계과정을 최적화하고 효율적인 시스템 운영을 위한 기초자료를 제공한다.