• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 1988

Effects of atmospheres and adidtives on the grain growth of TiO2 ceramics were investigated. In the range of 1300~140$0^{\circ}C$, grain growth was increased in CO2 as compared with O2 atmosphere and the grain boundary migration activation energy was lower than the diffusion activation energy of oxygen ion in TiO2. Also, in the case of addition of oxides, the grain growth was increased by oxides acting as a acceptor andinhibited by oxides acting as a donor. From the above results, when the oxygen vacancy concentration was increased, the intrinsic grain boundary mobility was increased and the pore drag force was decreased due to the rapid densification. Also it seems that the pore was migrated by the surface diffusion rather than lattice diffusion.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1999

Mechanical propeties of $Y_2O_3$-containing tetragonal $ZrO_2$ polycrystals(Y-TZP) were investigated. Several additives were used to modify the hardness fracture toughness of Y-TZP. The effects of these individual additives were discussed and their interactions were also analyzed. Each additive, such as CoO, $Fe2O3, MnO_2$ was found to deteriorate the mechanical propeties of Y-TZP when it was used singly. But the fracture toughness of Y-TZP was singnificantly improved when these additives and $Al_2O_3$ were added in combination at a certain ratio.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2015

Low-cost ceramic membrane supports with pore sizes in the range of $0.52-0.62{\mu}m$ were successfully prepared by uniaxial dry compaction method using inexpensive raw materials including kaolin, bentonite, talc, sodium borate, and alkaline-earth oxides in carbonate forms (e.g., $MgCO_3$, $CaCO_3$, and $SrCO_3$). The prepared green supports were sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr in air. The effect of alkaline-earth oxide additives on the flexural strength of clay-based membrane supports was investigated. The porosity of the clay-based membrane supports was found to be in the range of 33-34%. The flexural strength of the clay-based membrane supports with 1% alkaline-earth carbonates was found to be in the range of 42.8-52.7 MPa. The addition of alkaline-earth carbonates to clay-based membrane supports resulted in large increases (47-80%) in the flexural strength of the membrane supports, compared to that of membrane supports without alkaline-earth carbonates. The typical flexural strength of the clay-based membrane support with 1% $SrCO_3$ was 52.7 MPa at 33.8% porosity.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2019

SiAlON ceramics are used as ceramic cutting tools for heat-resistant super alloys (HRSAs) due to their excellent fracture toughness and thermal properties. They are manufactured from nitride and oxide raw materials. Mixtures of nitrides and oxides are densified via liquid phase sintering by using gas pressure sintering. Rare earth oxides, when used as sintering additives, affect the color and mechanical properties of SiAlON. Moreover, these sintering additives influence the cutting performance. In this study, we have prepared $Yb_{m/3}Si_{12-(m+n)}Al_{m+n}O_nN_{16-n}$ (m = 0.5; n = 0.5, 1.0) ceramics and manufactured SiAlON ceramics, which resulted in different colors. In addition, the characteristics of the sintered SiAlON ceramics such as fracture toughness and microstructure have been investigated and results of the cutting test have been analyzed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2022

In this study, lenses are fabricated using various nanomaterials as additives to a silicone polymer made with an optimum mixing ratio and short polymerization time. In addition, PVP is added at a ratio of 1 % to investigate the physical properties according to the degree of dispersion, and the compatibility with hydrophobic silicone and the possibility of application as a functional lens material are confirmed. The main materials are SIU as a silicone monomer, DMA, a hydrophilic copolymer, EGDMA as a crosslinking agent, and 2H2M as a photoinitiator. Holmium (III) oxide, Europium (III) oxide, aluminum oxide, and PVP are used. When Holmium (III) oxide and Europium (III) oxide are added based on the Ref sample, the characteristics of the lens tend to be similar overall, and the aluminum oxide shows a tendency slightly different from the previous two oxides. This material can be used as a silicone lens material with various nano oxides and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acting as a dispersant.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

We investigated hydrogen storage and production properties using redox system of iron oxide($Fe_{3}O_{4}$ + $4H_{2}$ ${\leftrightarrows}$ 3Fe + $4H_{2}O$) modified with rhodium, ceria and zirconia under atmospheric pressure. Reduction of iron oxide with hydrogen(hydrogen storage) and re-oxidation of reduced iron oxide with steam(hydrogen evolution) was carried out using a temperature programmed reaction(TPR) technique. On the temperature programmed studies, the effects of amounts of cerium and zirconium on the re-oxidation rate of partial reduced iron oxides were increased with increasing metal additives amount, but the rhodium amount showed little effect on the re-oxidation rate. On the thermal studies, the re-oxidation rates were enhanced with increasing temperature(300 $^{\circ}C$ < 350 $^{\circ}C$).

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.823-826
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• 2008

Phosphate glass added the various alkali additives is one of the substitutive materials for the barrier-ribs in plasma display panel. The results of differential thermal analysis and coefficient of thermal expansion show that the alkali oxides affect the thermal properties of phosphate glass.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.747-750
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• 2003

The microstructure and nonlinear properties of ZPCMR-based varistors were investigated with various additives. The density of varistors were gradually decreased for the same R in order of NiO, MgO, and $Cr_2O_3$, respectively. The ZPCR-based varistors were not affected by NiO and MgO additives in nonlinear properties, whereas greatly affected by $Cr_2O_3$. Among the ZPCCR-based varistors, ZPCCD varistor exhibited the highest nonlinear properties, in which the nonlinear exponent is in the range of $40.5{\sim}67.4$ and the leakage current is in the range of $1.2{\sim}2.7{\mu}A$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.885-889
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 활성탄소의 이산화탄소 흡착 능력을 향상시키기 위한 아민과 금속산화물 첨가제에 관하여 고찰하였다. 표면 처리한 활성탄소의 물리화학적 특성은 X-ray photoelection specstroscopy (XPS), 질소등온흡착곡선, X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET 장치를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험결과, 활성탄소 표면의 아민 기능기는 산성가스인 이산화탄소를 선택적으로 흡착하기 위한 염기성 자리로 작용하며, 2차아민을 갖는 기능기가 1차아민에 비하여 이산화탄소흡착능력이 우수함을 확인하였다. 활성탄소에 첨가된 금속산화물은 표면에서 전자 도우너(electron donor) 역할을 하며 알칼리 특성을 지니고, 아민 기능기와 유사하게 이산화탄소 가스와 산-염기 반응을 유도한다. 금속산화물 표면처리를 했을 경우 순수한 활성탄소와 비교하여 이산화탄소 흡착 용량이 85% 증가하였으며, 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 금속산화물 첨가제는 활성탄소의 이산화탄소 흡착능력을 향상시키기 위한 목적으로 아민 첨가제와 병행하거나 대체할 수 있는 물질로 기대된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.475-483
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• 1999

A lab-scale test was carried out to study the reduction of electrical energy consumption in the pulsed corona discharge process for nitrogen oxides removal. The experiment was mainly focused on 1) the activation of pollution removal reactions by chemical additives and 2) the optimization of electrical circuit for the efficient energy transfer from the power supply to the corona reactor. Hydrocarbon chemical additives used in the experiment are thought to be responsible for the enhancement of the NO conversion through the chain reactions of free radicals such as, R, RCO, and RO. Electrical energy consumption per converted NO molecule has a minimum value of 17 eV when pentanol is injected. When ethylene and propylene are injected, 30 eV and 22 eV of electrical energy consumption is required for the conversion of NO molecule respectively. The ratio of the pulse forming capacitance$(C_e)$ to the reactor capacitance$(C_R)$ plays an important role in the energy transfer efficiency to the reactor. Maximum energy transfer efficiency of approximately 72% could be obtained by using the pulse forming capacitance which is 3.4 times larger than the reactor capacitance, and also the maximum NO conversion efficiency was observed with the same condition.