• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2018

Seaweeds produce antioxidants to counteract environmental stresses, and these antioxidant genes are regarded as important defense strategies for marine algae. In this study, the expression of Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) ascorbate peroxidase (PyAPX) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (PyMnSOD) was examined by qRT-PCR in P. yezoensis blades under abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the functional relevance of these genes was explored by overexpressing them in Chlamydomonas. A comparison of the different expression levels of PyAPX and PyMnSOD after exposure to each stress revealed that both genes were induced by high salt and UVB exposure, being increased approximately 3-fold after 12 h. The expression of the PyAPX and PyMnSOD genes also increased following exposure to $H_2O_2$. When these two genes were overexpressed in Chlamydomonas, the cells had a higher growth rate than control cells under conditions of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, increased salinity, and UV exposure. These data suggest that Chlamydomonas is a suitable model for studying the function of stress genes, and that PyAPX and PyMnSOD genes are involved in the adaptation and defense against stresses that alter metabolism.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

We characterized a full-length cDNA of CaCOP1 from pepper. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of CaCOP1 cDNA revealed high sequence similarity to the COP1 gene in Oryza sativa (84% identity). CaCOP1 shares high sequence identity with regulatory protein in Arabidopsis (84%), constitutively photomorphogenic 1 protein in Pisum sativum (81%) and COP1 homolog in Lycopersicon esculentum (79%). CaCOP1 gene exists single copy in the chili pepper genome. Expression of CaCOP1 was reduced in response to inoculation of non-host pathogens. The expression of this gene under abiotic and oxidative stresses was investigated, including 200 mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol, cold ($4^{\circ}C$), 100 ${\mu}M$ abscisic acid (ABA), and 10 mM hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). CaCOP1 was induced significantly 3 h after low temperature treatment but not by dehydration or high salinity. Moreover, CaCOP1 was not induced by plant hormone ABA. These observations suggest that CaCOP1 gene plays a role in abiotic stress and may be belong to ABA-independent regulation system.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.849-859
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• 2016

Edible insects have gained recognition worldwide as complementary protein sources. Recently, four edible insects were newly allowed to be used as food materials in Korea: the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the cricket (Velarifictorus asperses), the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), and the rhinoceros beetle larva (Allomyrina dichotoma). In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stabilities of these four edible insects during cold storage. The insects were sacrificed by blanching for 3 minutes in boiling water. The blanched insects were then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ in an incubator for 42 days. The color values, titratable acidity, peroxide values, acid values, TBARS, contents of VBN, and total plate counts of the insects were measured at days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, respectively. Blanching decreases oxidative stresses during storage. At day 0, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva showed the highest values for acid value, TBARS, VBN, and microbial counts. Most of the oxidative indicators were significantly changed at day 14 in all four insects, possibly related with the growth on all microbial plates. Based on microbial safety and the oxidative stabilities of lipids and proteins, optimal storage conditions for the cricket, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva, and the rhinoceros beetle larva were 10~14 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Likewise, the mealworm showed rapid oxidation after day 14, but poor qualities were not observed until day 28.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.49-58
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• 2002

각종 환경스트레스에 의해 생체 내에서 과량으로 생성되는 독성의 활성산소종 (ROS)은 산화스트레스를 유발시켜 식물의 질병, 노화 및 세포사멸을 촉진시킨다. 연구팀은 21세기 당면한 지구규모의 환경, 식량 및 보건문제 해결에 기여할 수 있는 기발기술 (plateform technology)를 개발하기 위하여 식물 세포의 항산화기구 규명, 산화스트레스 유도성 항산화효소 유전자 개발, 스트레스 내성식물 개발에 관한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 여기에서는 항산화효소 유전자를 이용한 산업용식물체 개발에 관한 연구팀의 최근 연구결과를 중심으로 소개하였다. SOD와 APX 유전자를 엽록체에 동시에 발현시킨 담배식물체는 MV, 건조 등 여러 스트레스에 대한 내성을 나타내어, 복합 스트레스내성 농작물개발에 활용이 기대된다. 인체 DHAR 유전자를 엽록체에 도입시킨 담배식물체는 정상적으로 DHAR 유전자를 발현시켰으며, MV 등 여러 스트레스에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 피부 노화방지 등에 관여하여 ROS를 제거하는 SOD를 과실에 과발현시킨 형질전환오이를 성공적으로 개발하여, SOD 오이는 기능성화장품의 용도로 제품개발이 기대된다. 또한 고구마에서 산화스트레스에 특이적으로 발현하는 POD (SWA2) promoter를 개발하였다. SWPAS2 Pormoter는 스트레스내성 및 의료용 단밸질 등 고부가가치 생리활성물질을 생산할 수 있는 산업용 형질전환 식물체 및 배양세포주 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2002

각종 환경스트레스에 의해 생체 내에서 과량으로 생성되는 독성의 활성산소종 (ROS)은 산화스트레스를 유발시켜 식물의 질병, 노화 및 세포사멸을 촉진시킨다. 연구팀은 21세기 당면한 지구규모의 환경, 식량 및 보건문제 해결에 기여할 수 있는 기반기술 (plateform technology)를 개발하기 위하여 식물세포의 항산화기구 규명. 산화스트레스 유도성 항산화효소 유전자 개발. 스트레스 내성식물 개발에 관한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 여기에서는 항산화효소 유전자를 이용한 산업용식물체 개발에 관한 연구팀의 최근 연구결과를 중심으로 소개하였다. SOD와 APX 유전자를 엽록체에 동시에 발현시킨 담배 식물체는 MV, 건조 등 여러 스트레스에 대한 내성을 나타내어, 복합 스트레스내성 농작물개발에 활용이 기대된다 인체 DHAR 유전자를 엽록체에 도입시킨 담배식물체는 정상적으로 DHAR 유전자를 발현시켰으며, MV 등 여러 스트레스에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 피부 노화방지 등에 관여하여 ROS를 제거하는 SOD를 과실에 과발현시킨 형질전환오이를 성공적으로 개발하여. SOD 오이는 기능성화장품의 용도로 제품개발이 기대된다. 또한 고구마에서 산화스트레스에 특이적으로 발현하는 POD (SWPA2.) promoter를 개발하였다. SWPA2 promoter는 스트레스내성 및 의료용 단백질 등 고부가가치 생리활성물질을 생산할 수 있는 산업용 형질전환 식물체 및 배양세포주 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in many tissues and is found to be enhancing the bone tissue formation or inhibits the bone loss. Although it is reported that taurine reduces the alveolar bone loss through inhibiting the bone resorption, its functions of taurine and expression of taurine transporter (TauT) in bone have not been identified yet. The purpose of this study is to clarify the uptake mechanism of taurine in osteoblast using mouse osteoblast cell lines. In this study, mouse stromal ST2 cells and mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells as osteoblast cell lines were used. The activity of taurine uptake was assessed by measuring the uptake of [$^3H$]taurine in the presence or absence of inhibitors. TauT mRNA was detected in ST2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. [$^3H$]Taurine uptake by these cells was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium ion. The [$^3H$]taurine uptake in ST2 cells treated with 4 mM calcium was increased by 1.7-fold of the control which was a significant change. In contrast, in $Ca^{++}$-free condition and L-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs), taurine transport to osteocyte was significantly inhibited. In oxidative stress conditions, [$^3H$]taurine uptake was decreased by TNF-$\alpha$ and $H_2O_2$. Under the hyperosmotic conditions, taurine uptake was increased, but inhibited by CCBs in hyperosmotic condition. These results suggest that, in mouse osteoblast cell lines, taurine uptake by TauT was increased by the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas decreased by CCBs and oxidative stresses, such as TNF-$\alpha$ and $H_2O_2$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.374-385
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• 2013

Environmental stresses induce several plant pathogenic bacteria into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, but the basis for VBNC is largely uncharacterized. We investigated the physiology and morphology of the copper-induced VBNC state in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in liquid microcosm. Supplementation of $200{\mu}M$ copper sulfate to the liquid microcosm completely suppressed bacterial colony formation on culture media; however, LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining showed that the bacterial cells maintained viability, and that the viable cells contain higher level of DNA. Based on electron microscopic observations, the bacterial cells in the VBNC state were unchanged in size, but heavily aggregated and surrounded by an unknown extracellular material. Cellular ribosome contents, however, were less, resulting in a reduction of the total RNA in VBNC cells. Proteome comparison and reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the Dps protein production was up-regulated at the transcriptional level and that 2 catalases/peroxidases were present at lower level in VBNC cells. Cell aggregation and elevated levels of Dps protein are typical oxidative stress responses. $H_2O_2$ levels also increased in VBNC cells, which could result if catalase/peroxidase levels are reduced. Some of phenotypic changes in VBNC cells of R. solanacearum could be an oxidative stress response due to $H_2O_2$ accumulation. This report is the first of the distinct phenotypic changes in cells of R. solanacearum in the VBNC state.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2021

We examine the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor treatment time on the in vitro development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Porcine SCNT embryos were classified by four groups following treatment time of ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA; 100 µM); 1) non-treatment group (control), 2) treatment during micromanipulation process and for 3 h after fusion (NT+3 h group), 3) treatment only during in vitro culture after fusion (IVC group), and 4) treatment during micromanipulation process and in vitro culture (NT+IVC group). SCNT embryos were cultured for six days to examine the X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) splicing levels, the expression levels of ER stress-associated genes, oxidative stress-related genes, and apoptosis-related genes in blastocysts, and in vitro development. There was no significant difference in Xbp1 splicing level among all groups. Reduced expression of some ER stress-associated genes was observed in the treatment groups. The oxidative stress and apoptosis-related genes were significantly lower in all treatment groups than control (p<0.05). Although blastocyst development rates were not different among all groups (17.5% to 21.7%), the average cell number in blastocysts increased significantly in NT+3 h (48.5±2.3) and NT+IVC (47.7±2.4) groups compared to those of control and IVC groups (p<0.05). The result of this study suggests that the treatment of ER stress inhibitor on SCNT embryos from the micromanipulation process can improve the reprogramming efficiency of SCNT embryos by inhibiting the ER and oxidative stresses that may occur early in the SCNT process.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 카본블랙이 충전된 ethylene-propylene dine monomer(EPDM) 고무에 대한 가교밀도 측정법을 확립하고 EPDM 고무호스에 대해 열가속 및 산소스트레스를 가하여 가교밀도 변화를 측정하였다. 노화 초반에는 산화황가교의 형성으로 고무의 가교밀도측정값이 약간 저하하였다가 노화시간이 지남에 따라 일부 미반응 황 분자들의 가황반응으로 추가적인 가교 결합을 형성하면서 가교밀도측정값은 점차 증가하였다. 이들 가교밀도 변화거동은 인장강도의 거동과 유사하였다. $180^{\circ}C$의 고온노화에서는 노화시간이 길어짐에 따라 노화에 따른 가교밀도의 증가폭은 그다지 크지 않았으나, 인장강도와 신장률은 크게 저하하였다. 즉, 온도가 높을 수록 EPDM 고무의 가교밀도의 변동보다는 EPDM 분자사슬에서의 산화물(carbonyl groups) 형성과, 가교점의 산화황 생성으로 기계적 물성의 열화가 일어난 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

식물은 여러 환경스트레스에 적응하기 위해 스트레스 내성 유전자의 발현 혹은 proline, trehalose, glycine betaine (GB) 등과 같이 삼투압을 조절하는 compatible solute를 생성하면서 진화해 왔다. GB는 고염, 저온 등 환경스트레스 조건에서 식물의 엽록체에서 축적되는 물질 중 하나이다. 토양 박테리아 Arthrobacter globiformis에서 분리한 choline oxidase (codA) 유전자는 choline을 GB로 전환하는 기능을 한다. 본 연구에서는 산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터의 발현조절 하에 codA 유전자를 엽록체에 과발현시킨 형질전환 고구마 식물체(SC식물체)를 제작하여 다양한 환경스트레스 조건에서의 특성을 분석하였다. SC 식물체는 methyl viologen (MV)에 의한 산화스트레스와 건조 처리 조건에서 내성 증가를 보였다. $5{\mu}M$ MV 처리시 형질전환 식물체는 GB의 함량이 증가하였고 낮은 수준의 이온 전도도를 보였다. 건조 스트레스 조건에서 형질전환 식물체는 codA 유전자의 발현이 증가하였으며, 대조구 보다 높은 상대수분함량을 유지하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과의 SC식물체는 고염, 건조토양 등 조건 불리지역에 재배하면 바이오매스를 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.