• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2001

The effect of oxidative stress on the alterations of different antioxidant enzyme activities was investigated in human skin melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-2). Oxidative stress was induced by the exposure to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$). SK-MEL-2 cells were treated with antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenomethionine in combination with $H_2O$$_2$. SK-MEL-$_2$ cells were exposed to various concentrations of $H_2O$$_2$ and measured the time course of changes in cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activities for 24 hr. Oxidative stress was induced by the exposure to 2.5mM hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) resulted in declining significantly for 24 hr. GPX and CAT activities peaked at 3 hr and returned to control levels by 24 hr. On the contrary, SOD activity was inactive before 6 hr but recovered at 24 hr. In case vitamin E (Vit E) and selenomethionine (Se-Met) were used at nontoxic concentrations (25$\mu$M Vit E/500$\mu$M Se-Met) to oxidative stress was induced by the exposure to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) led to a 3- and 5-fold increase on the viability comparing to control and caused an increase in GPX activity respectively.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.48-64
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• 2002

The primary recognized health risk from common deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a cytoprotective enzyme for oxidative stress, is red blood cell hemolysis. Here we show that litters from untreated pregnant mutant mice with a hereditary G6PD deficiency had increased prenatal (fetal resorptions) and postnatal death. When treated with the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, a human teratogen that is commonly used in pregnant women and causes embryonic oxidative stress, G6PD-deficient dams had higher embryonic DNA oxidation and more fetal death and birth defects. The reported G6PD gene mutation was confirmed and used to genotype fetal resorptions, which were primarily G6PD deficient. This is the first evidence that G6PD is a developmentally critical cytoprotective enzyme for both endogenous and xenobiotic-initiated embryopathic oxidative stress and DNA damage. G6PD deficiencies accordingly may have a broader biological relevance as important determinants of infertility, in utero and postnatal death, and teratogenesis.-Nicol, C. J., Zielenski, J., Tsui, L.-C., Wells, P. G. An embryoprotective role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in developmental oxidative stress and chemical teratogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2007

This study was to investigate lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA damage after exercise, and the protective effect of garlic against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats(4 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups of 6 rats each; control group(Con) without garlic and exercise, Ex group with exercise alone, and Ex-G group with 2% garlic and exercise. For 4 weeks, rats were given diets containing 15% corn oil and 1% cholesterol with or without garlic. The swimming was selected as a model for exercise performance. Rats swam for 40 min a day, for 5 days a week. Group Ex and Ex-G showed significant lowering in body weight gain and fat accumulation compared to control. No significant changes were observed in levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride among three groups, demonstrating that exercise and garlic had no effects on changes of blood lipid. This finding of blood lipid seems to be due to higher plant sterol content in corn oil. The DNA tail moment of lymphocytes showed greater tendency in Ex and Ex-G than in control, but garlic supplements failed to suppress DNA damages. Compared to control, Ex had higher plasma TBARS which was lowered to the control's level in Ex-G with 2% garlic supplementation(p<0.05). Ex-G led to a higher hepatic superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity than control and Ex(p<0.05). Activity of hepatic catalase was also increased in Ex-G, while in Ex it was significantly low(p<0.05). It seemed that TBARS levels were related to the activities of SOD and catalase, and that garlic contributed to increasing the enzyme activities and led to decrease of TBARS. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation and DNA damage occur as a consequences of oxidative stress after exercise, and that antioxidant defense against oxidative stress could be enhanced by garlic supplementation through the induction of antioxidant enzymes. However, further investigations should be done on the garlic effect on DNA damage.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2007

The effect of salicylic acid(SA) on antioxidant system and protective mechanisms against UV-B induced oxidative stress was investigated in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) leaves. UV-B radiation and SA were applied separately or in combination to first leaves of cucumber seedlings, and dry matter accumulation, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured in both dose and time-dependant manner. UV-B exposure showed reduced levels of fresh weight and dry matter production, whereas SA treatment significantly increased them. SA noticeably recovered the UV-B induced inhibition of biomass production. UV-B stress also affected lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme defense system. Malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, was greatly increased under UV-B stress, showing a significant enhancement of a secondary metabolites, which may have antioxidative properties in cucumber leaves exposed to UV-B radiation. Combined application of UV-B and SA caused a moderate increase in lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that SA may mediate protection against oxidative stress. UV-B exposure significantly increased SOD, APX, and GR activity compared with untreated control plants. Those plants treated with 1.0 mM SA showed a similar pattern of changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes. SA-mediated induction of antioxidant enzyme activity may involve a protective accumulation of $H_2O_2$ against UV-B stress. Moreover, their activities were stimulated with a greater increase by UV-B+SA treatment. The UV-B+SA plants always presented higher values than UV-B and SA plants, considering the adverse effects of UV-B on the antioxidant cell system. ABA and JA, second messengers in signaling in response to stresses, showed similar mode of action in UV-B stress, supporting that they may be important in acquired stress tolerance. Based on these results, it can be suggested that SA may participates in the induction of protective mechanisms involved in tolerance to UV-B induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.356-359
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• 1997

To study the relationship between oxygen tolerance and enzyme activity in the oxygen metabolism of bifidobacteria, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase from six typical bifidobacteria and other bacteria were assayed by spectrophotometry. Catalase activity was hardly detected in any of the bifidobacteria tested. SOD activity was detected in every species including the Clostridium species. In particular SOD activity was notably high in the aerosensitive Bifidobacterium adolescentis. This fact indicates that SOD activity is not a critical factor to ensure aerotolerance. Aerosensitive B. adolescentis showed very low NADH oxidative enzyme activity whereas other aerotolerant bifidobacteria exhibited considerable activity for the enzymes. It seems that detoxification of $H_2O_2$ by NADH oxidative enzymes might be an important factor in improving for aerotolerant bifidobacteria survival rates in an oxygen environment.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2004

The effects of intra-peritoneal injection of inorganic mercury on haemato-logical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress enzyme activities were studied in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fish were injected thrice intra-peritoneally with mercuric chloride TEX>$(5,\;10mg\;Hg\;kg\;b.W.^{-1})$. After exposure of three different mercury concentrations a physiological stress response was exerted on C. carpio by causing changes in the blood status such as erythropenia in blood and oxidative stress in liver. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit level were reduced in most cases by inorganic mercury. Remarkable low level of serum chloride, calcium and osmolality were also observed in the mercury- exposed fish. However, serum magnesium and phosphate were not altered by exposure to mercury. An increased activity of hepatic glutathione peroxidase was observed in the lowest treatment group of carp $(1mg\;Hg\;mg\;b.w.^{-1})$, hence, hepatic catalase and glutathione peroxidase of carp exposed to higher concentration of mercury $(5,\;10mg\;Hg\;kg\;b.W.^{-1})$ showed significant reduction in such activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.402-407
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• 1996

Effects of oxidative stress on the induction of apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in HL-60 cells using $H_2O$$_2$and cisplatin which generate oxygen species in the cell. Various concentrations of oxidants were treated to cells and at different incubation time, cells were harvested for assays. Cell viability, morphology by propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis were observed to determine whether they induce apoptosis. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase was also measured to evaluate the cellular response to the oxidative damage. The results are as follows: $H_2O$$_2$ induced apoptosis at 10 $\mu$M after 6h incubation, while it took 12h for cisplatin. Both oxidants induced the superoxide dismutase activity at a tolerable low concentration. However, at a concentration which causes apoptotic cell death, the enzyme level was dropped markedly at first and then recovered to the normal level after which it declined again, probably due to cell death. On the other hand, changes in the activity of catalase were not significant at most concentrations except the statistically significant decrease at 24h after 10 $\mu$M-$H_2O$$_2$treatment. In this study, $H_2O$$_2$- and cisplatintreated cells showed similar results in apoptotic response and enzyme activities, suggesting that anticancer activity of cisplatin may be related, at least in part, to the production of oxygen free radicals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1991

(R) (+) and (S) (-) $4-^2H$-phenytoin have been used as substrates for the determination of the percentage of deuterium retention (NIH shift) after para-hydroxylation of the substrates in rat. By using GC-MS analyses, the percentages of deuterium retention were found to be 69% and 70% for the (R) and (S) phenyl rings, respectively. The results add additional evidence for the involvement of arene oxide in the oxidation of the pro (R) and pro (S) phenyls of phenytoin. The oxidation process of each ring could be mediated by independent enzyme systems, a rapid oxidative enzyme for the pro (S) phenyl and a slow oxidative enzyme for the pro (R) phenyl.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.318.2-318.2
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• 2002

The effects of oxidative stress on the alterations of different antioxidant enzyme activity on mouse melanoma cells(B16F10) was investigated. Oxidative stress was induced by the exposeure to hydrogen peroxide(H2O2). B 16F 10 cells were exposed Phellinus linteus Ex. in combination with H2O2 and measured the time course of changes in cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity. CAT activity peaked at 12 hr. On the contrary, SOD and GPX activity was maximum at 6 hr. The cell viability of Pheltinus linteus extracts in combination with hydrogen peroxide was higher than hydrogen peroxide alone.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 건강한 남자 14명을 대상자로 단기간의 지구성 훈련과 지구성 운동에 웨이트 운동을 병행한 복합훈련이 골격근 섬유의 형태 및 골격근 내 산화적 효소의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 지구성 트레이닝 집단은 최대심박수의 70~80% 에서 40분간 자유형으로 수영을 6주간 실시하였으며 복합 트레이닝 집단은 동일한 수영을 실시한 후 웨이트 트레이닝을 추가로 실시하였다. 근섬유 횡단면적에 있어 복합훈련 집단과 지구성 훈련 집단 간에 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 훈련기간에 따라 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단보다 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 모세혈관 수에 있어서도 집단 간 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 훈련기간에 따라 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단보다 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 유산소성 대사 효소 중 CS, ${\beta}$-HAD 그리고 CPT의 활성도는 훈련형태에 따른 차이는 통계적으로 나타나지 않았으나 복합훈련 집단에서 지구성 훈련 집단에서 보다 더 큰 증가의 폭을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유산소성 훈련만을 실시할 때 보다 유 무산소 운동이 복합적으로 구성되어 있는 훈련의 수행이 근섬유의 에너지 대사 관련 효소들의 활성도 증가와 근 세포 모세혈관의 발달에 보다 효과적이라는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다.