• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2007

Tocopherols are important lipid-phase antioxidants that are subject to heat degradation. Therefore, kinetic analyses for oxidative degradation of tocopherols as a function of temperatures and times were performed. Alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols dissolved in glycerol were heated at 100${\sim}$250$^{\circ}C$ for 5～60 min. Oxidized tocopherols were analyzed by HPLC using a reversed phase ${\mu}$-Bondapak C$_{18}$-column with two kinds of elution solvent systems in a gradient mode. The degradation kinetics for tocopherols followed a first-order kinetic model. The rate of tocopherol degradation was dependent on heating temperatures. The degradation rate constants for ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-tocopherols were higher than those for ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The experimental activation energies of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$- tocopherols were 2.51, 6.05 and 5.34 kcal/mole, respectively. The experimental activation energies for the oxidative degradation of ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-tocopherols were higher than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.520-524
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• 2009

가교 폴리에틸렌 파이프의 산화 열화가 진행되는 동안 인장 특성의 변화 및 화학적 구조의 변화를 조사하여 산화 열화가 파이프의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 가교 폴리에틸렌 파이프의 산화 열화를 유도하기 위하여 고온 열처리 및 UV 조사 방법을 이용하였으며 파이프 생산 시 다이 온도가 파이프의 산화 열화에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. 산화 열화 과정 중 파이프의 인장 특성 변화는 만능재료시험기로, 화학적 구조의 변화는 적외선분광기로 각각 조사하였다. 열에 의한 산화 열화가 진행됨에 따라 파이프의 인장 강도는 서서히 감소하였으나 파단 신율은 급격히 감소하였고, 파이프 내부로 도입된 산소 분자로 인해 화학적 구조도 변화하였다. 이러한 결과는 가교 폴리에틸렌 파이프의 생산 및 저장 중 산화 열화에 따른 성능 저하를 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.883-892
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 대표적인 이산화탄소 흡수제인 알칸올아민계 흡수제(MEA, AMP, DEA, MDEA)를 사용하여 각 흡수제의 구조에 따른 열화특성을 평가하였다. 흡수제의 열화는 산화성열화(oxidative degradation)와 열적열화(thermal degradation)의 두 가지로 나누어 생각할 수 있다. 산화성열화 실험은 $30^{\circ}C$와 $60^{\circ}C$의 저온 실험장치에서 이산화탄소 ($CO_2$)와 산소($O_2$)에 대한 열화도를 평가하였으며 열적열화는 $130^{\circ}C$와 $150^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 이산화탄소에 대한 열화도를 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 흡수제의 산화성열화는 DEA의 열화가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한, 흡수제의 열적열화는 $150^{\circ}C$에서 대부분의 흡수제에서 발생하였는데 그 중 MEA와 DEA의 열화가 가장 심하였다. 결론적으로 내열화성 측면에서 1차 아민이지만 3차 탄소에 결합되어 입체장애를 갖는 AMP가 가장 우수한 흡수제인 반면, 2차 아민이며 분자내 OH기를 2개 가지며 아민이 노출된 DEA가 열화도 측면에서 가장 좋지 못한 흡수제로 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 흡수제의 기본구조에 따른 열화 안정성을 평가하여 이산화탄소 흡수를 위한 알칸올아민 흡수제 개발의 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.43-47
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• 2002

Weight loss experiments have been performed for unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy laminates under both isothermal and cyclic thermal conditions. It was found that weight losses were the result of both specimen-geometry dependent oxidative degradation and volumetric geometry dependent thermal degradation. Thermal degradation was found to play a major role in the overall weight loss process, and photomicrographs of cross-sectioned, aged specimens confirmed this fact. A method to predict the effect of isothermal environment on the weight loss was introduced and found to be in good agreement with experimental data at temperatures near Tg (glass transition temperature).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 1999

The protective actions of ambroxol, rutin, glutathione and harmaline on oxidative damages of various tissue components were compared. The mechanisms by which they prevent oxidative tissue damages were explored. Lipid peroxidation of liver microsomes induced by combinations of $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate or $Fe^{+3}$, ADP and NADPH was inhibited by $50\; \muM$ of rutin, ambroxol, harmaline and glutathione. Ambroxol ($100\; \muM$) inhibited the degradation of hyaluronic acid by $Fe^{2+}$, $H_2O$_2$ and ascorbate, and it was greater than that of harmaline, whereas hyaluronic acid degradation was not prevented by rutin and glutathione. The compounds used ($100\; \muM$) did not protect the degradation of cartilage collagen by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Rutin, glutathione and harmaline decreased the degradation of IgG by xanthine and xanthine oxidate, while ambroxol did not attenuate degradation of IgG. Glutathione showed a scavenging action on $H_2O_2$. The compounds all showed scavenging actions on hydroxyl radical. Ambroxol and harmaline exhibited quenching effects en singlet oxygen. In conclusion, ambroxol, rutin, glutathione and harmaline may exert protective effects differently on tissue components against oxidative attack depend on kind of tissue component and free radical.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1205-1214
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• 2018

During the past few decades, significant increase in the consumption of coffee has led to rapid increase in the production of coffee waste in South Korea. Spent coffee waste is often treated as a general waste and is directly disposed without the necessary treatment. Spent Coffee Grounds (SCGs) can release several organic contaminants, including caffeine. In this study, leaching tests were conducted for SCGs and oxidative degradation of caffeine were also conducted. The tested SCGs contained approximately 4.4 mg caffeine per gram of coffee waste. Results from the leaching tests show that approximately 90% of the caffeine can be extracted at each step during sequential extraction. Advanced oxidation methods for the degradation of caffeine, such as $UV/H_2O_2$, photo-Fenton reaction, and $UV/O_3$, were tested. UV radiation has a limited effect on the degradation of caffeine. In particular, UV-A and UV-B radiations present in sunlight cause marginal degradation, thereby indicating that natural degradation of caffeine is minimal. However, $O_3$ can cause rapid degradation of caffeine, and the values of pseudo-first order rate constants were found to be ranging from $0.817min^{-1}$ to $1.506min^{-1}$ when the ozone generation rate was $37.1g/m^3$. Additionally, the degradation rate of caffeine is dependent on the wavelength of irradiation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1819-1825
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• 2006

Four naphthalene-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. strains O1, W1, As1, and G1) were isolated feom pollutant-contaminated sites. Examination of their substrate utilization and analyses of key naphthalene-catabolic regulatory genes revealed that the pathway and regulation of naphthalene-degradation in all four strains resemble those of NAH7 from P. putida G7. Superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity during their growth on naphthalene-amended medium increased significantly, compared with those with glucose-amended medium. Addition of ascorbate, an antioxidant, or ferrous iron ($Fe^{2+}$) increased the growth rates of all tested microorganisms on naphthalene. Northern blot and HPLC analyses showed that both nahA gene expression and naphthalene degradation increased under those conditions. Our data suggest that naphthalene degradation can impose severe oxidative stress, and defenses against oxidative stress would play an important role in the metabolism of naphthalene.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to evaluate the detoxification method for the endocrine disrupting chemicals by manganese oxide. Manganese coated sand and bisphenol-A (BPA) was used as the reactive medium and the contaminant. Results showed that manganese oxide effectively degrades BPA by oxidative coupling reaction. The nonlinear oxidative coupling reaction orders were obtained for BPA and oxide, respectively. The reaction rate of BPA decreased as initial BPA concentration increased, as oxide loading decreased and as pH increased. The higher ionic strength, the higher reaction rate was observed. Divalent cations were adsorbed on the oxide surfaces, resulting in the decreased degradation rate of BPA.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2005

자동차용 냉각기 호스는 열과 기계적 하중 하에서 공기와 부동액의 접촉 스트레스로 인해 노화와 고장이 일어날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 냉각기 호스재료인 EPDM(ethylene-propylene diene monomer)고무에 대해 열가속 및 산소 스트레스, 전기화학적 스트레스에 의한 표피층의 노화거동을 비파괴 평가하였다. 열가속 및 산소노화 시험결과 신장률의 저하와 함께 IRHD(International Rubber Hardness Degrees)경도가 증가하였다. 전기화학적 노화(electro-chemical degradation: ECD) 시험에서는 에틸렌글리콜 수용액의 침투로 인해 무게가 증가하였으며 신장률과 경도는 크게 저하되었다 또한 에틸렌글리콜 수용액이 표피층뿐만이 아니라 내부에까지 침투하여 고무내부구조와 미크로경도분포가 깊이에 따라 변화되었다. 즉, 열가속 및 산소노화와 ECD 노화는 미크로 경도와 화학구조분석에 의해 비파괴적 특성 평가가 가능함을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) provides a cellular defense against oxidative stress by inducing the expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. The calcium antagonist, verapamil, is an FDA-approved drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Here, we show that verapamil acts as a potent Nrf2 activator without causing cytotoxicity, through degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a Nrf2 repressor. Furthermore, verapamil-induced Keap1 degradation is prominently mediated by a p62-dependent autophagic pathway. Correspondingly, verapamil protects cells from acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage through Nrf2 activation. These results demonstrated the underlying mechanisms for the protective role of verapamil against acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity.