• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

The oxidation-reduction potentials of cosmetic raw materials, showing tyrosinase inhibitory action, and phenolic compounds structurally similar to L-tyrosine were determined by cylcic voltammetry. The voltammograms obtained could be classified ito 4 patterns (patterns 1-4). Patterns 1, characterized by oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair, was observed with catechol, hydroquinone or phenol, and pattern 2 exhibiting another oxidation peak in addition to oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair was found with arbutin, kojic acid, resorcinol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and L-tyrosine as the substrate of tyrosinase. Pattern 3 with an independent oxidation peak only was expressed by L-ascorbic acid, and pattern 4 with a reduction peak only at high potentials, by hinokitiol. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these compounds was also evaluated using the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) and the inhibition constant (Ki) as parameters. Hinokitiol, classified as patterns 4, showed the highest inhibitory activity (lowest $IC_{50}$ and Ki). Hydroquinone showing the second highest activity belonged to pattern 1, which also included compounds exhibiting pattern 2 was relatively low with Ki values being in the order of 10-4 M. Although there was no consistent relationship between oxidation-reduction potentials and tyrosinase inhibitory action, the voltammetry data can be used as an additional index to establish the relationship between the structure and the tyrosine inhibitory activity.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare anti-Inflammation and anti-oxidation of Jeondo-San(JDS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and water. Methods : Two kinds of JDS extractions were prepared 20, 50, $100\;{\mu}g/mg$. The Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effects were measured by inhibitory efficacy on $PGE_2$, NO, TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effects were measured by ROS inhibitory efficacy, intracellular GSH synthesis and DPPH Radical scavenging in HaCaT cell. Results : 1. All of JDS extraction groups had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of $PGE_2$. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 3. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of NO. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 4. All of JDS extraction groups did not show significantly inhibitory effect on production of TNF-$\alpha$. 5. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol and $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with water showed inhibitory effect on iNOS expression. 6. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of ROS. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. 7. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol only produced GSH of $32{\pm}5.2%$. 8. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. Conclusion : Two kinds of JDS extractions have not cytotoxicity and inhibit production of NO. JDS extracted with water was effective in anti-inflammation, JDS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.444-450
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• 1984

Effects of muscle extracts of five species of fish and shell-fish, mackerel, jack mackerel, yellow corvenia, shrimp and baby-neck clam, on lipid oxidation were investigated using a model system consisting of methyl linoleate absorbed in micro crystalline cellulose and extracts of fishes. Ethanol extracts of both mackerel and jack mackerel apparently showed inhibitory effect on the oxidation of methyl linoleate, while the extract of yellow corvenia, and baby-neck clam showed a slight catalyzed effect on contrary. The ethanol extract of shrimp, however, revealed no effect on the oxidation of methyl linoleate. When the ethanol extracts were dialyzed, the outer fractions of dark fleshed fish had a strong inhibitory effect on the oxidation of methyl linoleate, while the inner fractions did not. The outer fraction of yellow corvenia showed catalyzed effect, but the inner fraction inhibited the oxidation slightly. The outer fraction of shrimp had a strong inhibitory action, but the inner fraction showed no effect. The methanol-water fraction of chloroform-methanol extract of shrimp showed a quite strong inhibitory effect on the oxidation, whereas that of four other samples did the same levels of effect as ethanol extracts.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2010

Forest soils are often nitrogen-limited, and nitrogen input to forest soils can cause substantial changes in the structure and functions of a soil ecosystem. To determine the effects of nitrogen input on methane oxidation and the microbial enzyme activities, manipulation experiments were conducted using nitrogen addition to soil samples from Mt. Jumbong. Our findings suggested that the addition of nitrogen to the soil system of Mt. Jumbong did not affect the microbial enzyme activities. Conversely, the addition of nitrogen affected the rate of methane oxidation. Inorganic nitrogen in soils can inhibit methane oxidation via several mechanisms, such as substrate competition, toxic effects, and competition with other microbes, but the inhibitory effects are not always the same. In this research, seasonal changes were found to produce different inhibitory factors, and these different responses may be caused from differences in the methantrophic bacteria community structure.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the in vitro scavenging activity, inhibitory effect of LDL oxidation of pro-oxidant reactive species, anti-platelet aggregative effects and anti-thrombosis effects in response to treatment with SA using various screening methods including biological and non-biological oxidants. Methods : The antioxidant activity concerning extract from SA was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation and the inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Results : SA extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity regarding oxidative stress as well as an inhibitory effect towards LDL oxidation, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Conclusions : The SA extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.872-882
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• 2009

Sachil-Tang (SCT) has been traditionally used as a prescription of spasm of the esophagus by stress, pectoralgia and oppressive feeling of the chest in Oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of SCT and its inhibitory effect on intracellular oxidation and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using various methods. The SCT extract showed a strong inhibitory effect on free radical generating model systems, including DPPH radical, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radical, peroxynirite and nitric oxide. Besides, the SCT extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate induced by $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid, and protected plasmid DNA against the strand breakage in a Fenton's reaction system. The SCT extract also inhibited copper-mediated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and repressed relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL. Furthermore, the SCT extract protected intracellular oxidation induced by various free radical generators and inhibited expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in HUVECs. These results suggest that SCT can be an effective natural antioxidant and a possible medicine of atherosclerosis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1135-1137
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• 2005

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of medicinal plants used by diabetic patients. Fourteen medicinal plants were selected and antioxidant activity such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition effect of linoleic acid autoxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were measured. The Cornus officinalis had DPPH radical scavenging activity of 84.79%, which was higher than the 78.79% for $\alpha$-tocopherol. Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai also had high values. Extracts with higher DPPH radical scavenging activities had higher total phenol concentrations, and positive correlations between these parameters were found. Inhibitory activities of linoleic acid autoxidation, LDL oxidation and TBA value, used as indices of oxidative stress, were observed in most of the selected medicinal plants. The highest inhibitory activity for TBA value was observed in the extract of Pueraria thundergiana Bentham. Rosa rugosa Thunberg (75.50 %), Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai (74.00 %), and Cornus officinalis (73.00 %) all had high antioxidant activity against linoleic acid autoxidation, similar to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. The same 3 plants also had high in inhibitory activity against LDL oxidation. Therefore, we demonstrated that medicinal plants used as folk remedy by diabetic patients had antioxidant activity. Especially, Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Cornus officinalis, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Arlemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai had high phenol concentrations which resulted in high values for DPPH radical scavenging. These same plants exhibited high values for inhibitory activities for TBA value, linoleic acid autoxidation and LDL oxidation, indices associated with lipid peroxidation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2001

The water extract of Cichorium intybus (WECI) showed a remarkable antioxidative effect on LDL, and inhibitory effects on the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and the Degradation of fatty acids in LDL. Vitamin 1 and unsaturated fatty acids in LDL were protected by adding WECI from the effects of metal catalyzed LDL oxidation. From the results obtained, we conclude that LDL oxidation is inhibited in vitro by the addition of WECI, and that LDL is protected by WECI from oxidative attack, as shown by agarose gel electrohporesis.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Chlorogenic acid, formed of an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, which is naturally abundant in many plant species, was used as a model O-dihydoxy phenolic compound. In the previous study, we have reported that the isolated constituent from Apocynum venetum leaves has an inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Among them, chlorogenic acid showed the most potent anti-LDL oxidative activity than other compounds. For the reason, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the chlorogenic acid on $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidative modification of LDL, monitored a lag time in the conjugated-diene formation and TBARS formation, and measured TNBS free amino acid group, and form cell formation in vitro system. The TBARS- and diene- formation were strongly inhibited by chlorogenic acid ($0{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/ml$) with dose dependent manner. On the other hand, TNBS reactive lysine amino groups on LDL oxidation were protected by chlorogenic acid- treated cell group. Therefore, chlorogenic acid inhibited to cholesterol accumulation in the isolated peritoneal macrophage.