• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2010

PTH 측정은 체내 칼슘 및 이온화 칼슘의 수치와 함께 갑상선 절제술 후 저칼슘혈증을 예측하는 유용한 지표로서 임상에서는 신속한 결과 보고를 요구하고 있으나 검사반응시간이 길어 이에 상응하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PTH 검사반응시간에 변화를 주어 신속한 결과 보고를 함으로서, 저칼슘혈증 예측 지표의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 2009년 7~8월까지 PTH를 검사한 환자들(n=131)을 대상으로 하였으며, 검사방법은 면역방사계수법으로 반응시간은 18${\pm}$2시간(Overnight), 0.5, 3, 6시간으로 구분하여 상관관계, 정밀도(10회 반복), 회수율을 측정하였다. 또한 조기 저칼슘 혈증 예측지표의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 정확도를 비교 분석 하였다. 상관관계에서는 overnight을 기준으로 0.5시간은 $R^2$=0.987, 3시간은 $R^2$=0.993, 6시간은 $R^2$=0.996로 나타났다. 정밀도(%CV${\pm}$SD)에서 0.5시간은 $15.92{\pm}15.54$, 3시간은 $6.91{\pm}7.38$, 6시간은 $4.30{\pm}4.69$, Overnight은 $4.59{\pm}2.59$로 측정되었다. 회수율(%Mean${\pm}$SD)에서 0.5시간은 $96.8{\pm}5.44$, 3시간은 $102.6{\pm}4.35$, 6시간은 $100.7{\pm}2.56$, Overnight은 $102.2{\pm}5.98$로 측정되었다. 양성 예측치(cut-off point=15 pg/mL)를 기준으로 저칼슘혈증을 예측할 때, 0.5시간일 때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 96.0% 양성예측도 86.6% 정확도 84.7%였고, 3시간일 때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 100% 양성예측도 100% 정확도 97.5%였고, 6시간일때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 92.3% 양성예측도 92.8% 정확도 90.6%였다. Overnight법과 비교할 때 검사반응시간 3시간에서 98.3%로 가장 높은 일치율을 보였고, Kappa와 상관관계 또한 우수하였다. 이에 검사반응시간을 3시간으로 단축시켜 신속한 결과를 보고함으로써 환자의 저칼슘혈증을 조기에 예측하여 칼슘제 투여 등 적절한 조치를 취하여 환자의 증상발현을 막을 수 있는 유용한 지표로 활용될 것이다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

Background and Objectives To assess the effectiveness of overnight orthokeratology (OK) in myopia using a new contact lens design over a one-month wearing period. Materials and Methods Participants were required to have myopia between -3.00 and -7.50D and astigmatism ≤ 2.00 D to participate in the study. The participants underwent OK with the White OK lens^® (Interojo, Pyungtek, Korea), which has a 6-curve lens design. Participants were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4 using slit-lamp bio-microscopy, and tested for refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and corneal topography. Success was defined as achieving a Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) ≤ 0.1. Results A total of 46 eligible subjects with a mean age of 23.11 ± 7.89 years were recruited. Baseline logMAR was 1.18 ± 0.30 and a consistent decrease in logMAR was observed from week 1 to week 4. The success rate was 95.35% at week 4. The mean sphere significantly decreased from a mean pre-fitting value of -4.58 ± 1.28 D to a mean value of -0.65 ± 0.69 D at week 4 (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant corneal flattening was detected during keratometry at week 4. Conclusion Overnight OK with the White OK lens is effective for the correction of moderate and high myopia with astigmatism over a one-month wearing period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Objectives: The requirement for overnight hospital stay should be considered preoperatively according to patient-related factors, type of surgery, and anesthetic management plan. In this study, we aimed to define the major factors that influence consideration of overnight hospital stay in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery in an operating room (OR) of a dental hospital in an outpatient setting. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent oral procedures under general anesthesia between 2014-2017 were reviewed. Results: A total of 821 patients underwent oral procedures under general anesthesia; 631 of them underwent OMF surgery in the OR of a dental hospital, and 174 of these patients were hospitalized for overnight stay. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with comorbidities between the outpatient and hospitalized patient groups (P=0.389). The duration of surgery was longer in the hospitalized patient group (105.25±57.48 vs 189.62±82.03 minutes; P<0.001). Double-jaw (n=15; 310.00±54.21 minutes) and iliac crest grafting surgeries (n=59; 211.86±61.02 minutes) had the longest durations. Patients who underwent iliac crest grafting had the highest rates of hospitalization (79%). The overall recovery period was longer in outpatients (119.40±41.60 vs 149.83±52.04; P<0.001). Conclusion: Duration of surgery was the main determinant in considering whether a patient required overnight hospital stay. However, patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology physical status score <3 may be scheduled for OMF surgery in the OR of a dental hospital in an outpatient setting regardless of duration of surgery if overnight hospital stay is planned or an extended recovery period is provided until patients meet the discharge criteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2012

8-isoprostane (8-$isoPGF_{2{\alpha}}$) is a reliable marker and considered a gold standard for lipid peroxidation. There are very few reports of 8-isoprostane levels in cancer patients, and in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Oxidative stress is however expected and has been observed in patients with cancer. This study measured 8-isoprostane levels in urine by ELISA of 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, at cycles 1, 2, and 3 of treatment. It considers the creatinine clearance of the patients, and correction of 8-isoprostane levels by creatinine clearance, and overnight urine volume methods. The average 8-isoprostane levels in urine increased more than 6 to 12 fold on chemotherapy treatment, from $532{\pm}587$ pg/mL at cycle $1,6181{\pm}4334$ at cycle 2, and $5511{\pm}2055$ at cycle 3. Similar results were obtained if 8-isoprostane levels were corrected for overnight urine volume, giving averages of $285{\pm}244{\mu}g$ at cycle $1,4122{\pm}3349$ at cycle 2, and $3266{\pm}1200$ at cycle 3. No significant difference was seen in average total overnight urine volume or number of urinations between chemotherapy cycles except for a large variation in urine volume between cycle 2 and 3. Creatinine levels were significantly different only between cycles 1 and 2 (p=0.016). In conclusion, cisplatin therapy has been shown to induce high levels of lipid peroxidation in lung cancer patients and can be assessed from the 8-isoprostane marker in overnight urine, with or without urine volume correction.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2019

Purpose: Percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB), a diagnostic procedure to identify several hepatobiliary disorders, is considered safe with low incidence of associated complications. While postoperative monitoring guidelines are suggested for adults, selection of procedural recovery time for children remains at the discretion of individual operators. We aim to determine if differences exist in frequency of surgical complications, unplanned admissions, and healthcare cost for children undergoing outpatient PLB for cohorts with same-day vs. overnight observation. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in children 1 month to 17 years of age undergoing ultrasound-guided PLB from January 2009 to August 2017 at a tertiary care, pediatric referral center. Cohorts were defined by postprocedural observation duration: same-day (${\leq}8$ hours) vs. overnight observation. Outcomes included surgical complications, medical interventions, unscheduled hospitalization within 7 days, and total encounter costs. Results: One hundred and twelve children met study criteria of which 18 (16.1%) were assigned to same-day observation. No differences were noted in demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, biopsy indications, or preoperative coagulation profiles. No major complications or acute hospitalizations after PLB were observed. Administration of analgesia and fluid boluses were isolated and given within 8 hours. Compared to overnight monitoring, same-day observation accrued less total costs (US $992 less per encounter). Conclusion: Same-day observation after PLB in children appears well-tolerated with only minor interventions and complications observed within 8 hours of procedure. We recommend a targeted risk assessment prior to selection of observation duration. Same-day observation appears an appropriate recovery strategy in otherwise low-risk children undergoing outpatient PLB.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 1994

Objectives: The Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by snoring, observed apnea during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The overnight polysomnographic recording is used to investigate patients with possible obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. But the overnight polysomnographic recording is time consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Recently in diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, several simple screening tests have been suggested. Methods: This study was performed to assess the probability of application of clinical features and the degree of oxygen desaturation as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of the self-report of clinical features including snoring, observed apnea during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were tested. And the degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry in 42 subjects were compared with the overnight polysomnographic recording results. Results: In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity of observed apnea during sleep, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were 96.8%, 93.5%, 38.7%, 25.8% and the specificity of those clinical features were 182%, 36.4%, 100%, 72.7%, respectively. In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of more than three self-report clinical features were 54.8% and 90.9%. The degree of oxygen de saturation and maximal apnea duration in the group of apnea index more than 5 were significantly different from those in the group of apnea index below 5(P<0.001). And the apnea index was significantly correlated with the degree of oxygen desaturation and maximal apnea duration(P<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that application of clinical features alone as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is inadequate because of it's high rate of false positive and false negative results. The degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry is possibly applicable to screening test and follow up evaluation of treatment efficacy for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 역방향(inside out or everted)으로 착용한 실리콘 하이드로겔렌즈가 각막 형상변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 방법: 역방향 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈의 형상과 플루오레신 패턴을 알아보고 이를 수면 중 8시간 이상 착용하여 타각적 굴절이상도와 각막지형도의 변화를 관찰하였다. 검사는 렌즈 착용 전, 렌즈 착용 후 1일, 2일, 3일, 5일, 7일 후에 시행하였으며 렌즈의 착용을 중지한 후 1일, 2일, 3일, 4일 후에 동일하게 시행하였다. 결과: 역방향 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈 착용 후 피팅패턴을 검사한 결과 역기하렌즈와 유사한 눌림이 있었다. 타각적 굴절이상도의 근시도와 각막 굴절력이 감소하였으며 각막지형도의 변화를 보였고 이는 렌즈 착용 중지 후 4일 동안 대부분 회복되었다. 렌즈를 뒤집어 착용하는 것에 대한 불편함은 크게 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 역방향으로 착용한 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈의 수면 중 착용(Overnight wear)을 통하여 각막지형도상의 유의한 차이를 야기하였다. 추후 각막의 형상변화(reshaping)를 위해 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈의 사용이 가능할 것으로 보고, 교정효과에 대해 예측이 가능(predictable)하고 효과적인(effective) 방법을 개발하기 위해 여러 변수를 확인해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.630-636
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is an accepted anatomic treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease in selected patients. In this report, we analyze our institution's programmatic allocation of resources during the safe implementation of TIF as a new procedure. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent TIF from January 2020 to February 2021 at our institution was performed. The process of initially allocating the operating room (OR) with overnight admission and postoperative esophagram for added safety, and subsequently transitioning TIF to the endoscopy suite (ES) as an outpatient procedure was described. Patient safety and outcomes were evaluated during transition. Results: Thirty patients who underwent TIF were identified. The mean age was 51.2±16.0 years. TIF was performed in an OR in nine patients (30%) and 21 (70%) in the ES. All the OR patients were admitted overnight and had routine esophagogram. In contrast, four (19%) from the ES group required clinically-indicated admission and three (14.2%) required esophagram. The mean procedure duration was significantly lower in the ES group (65.7 min vs. 84 min, p=0.02). Conclusions: A stepwise, resource-efficient process was described that allowed safe initiation of TIF as a new technique and its effective transition to a fully outpatient procedure.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

Approximately 1% to 3% of all children have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS in children can lead to a variety of symptoms and sequalae; impairment of development and quality of life, behavioral and personality disturbance, learning problem, cor pulmonale and hypertension. Diagnosis and treatment of OASA for children are different from those for adults in many respects. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is major cause of childhood OSAS. Overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory is the gold standard for diagnosing childhood OSAS. However, because full polysomnography in children may be difficult to obtain, expensive, and inconvenient, other methods to diagnose OSAS have been investigated. Adenotonsillectomy is the most common surgical treatment of childhood OSAS. But if residual symptoms remained after adenotonsillectomy, it should be considered to additional treatment such as weight control, sleep positional change, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

• 수면정신생리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2016

Since its development in the early 70s, actigraphy has been widely used in sleep research and clinical sleep medicine as an assessment tool of sleep and sleep-wake cycles. The validation and reliability of actigraphic measures have been reasonably examined in healthy normal individuals with good sleep patterns. Recent literature suggests that the use of actigraphy could be further extended to monitor insomnia and circadian sleep-wake disturbances, and detect sleep changes associated with drug treatments and non-pharmacologic interventions, although it is generally recommended to use complementary assessments such as sleep diaries and overnight polysomnography when possible. The development of actigraphy includes its improved hardware sensors for better detection of movements and advanced algorithms to score sleep and wake epochs. In this paper, we briefly review the quantitative analysis methods of actigraphy and its potential applications in sleep research.