• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2019

This study investigated the impact of parentification on ambivalence over the emotional expression of early adults who had a sibling with disabilities and examined if rejection sensitivity moderated the relationship of parentification and ambivalence over emotional expression. Participants consisted of 116 siblings in early adulthood who had a sibling with disabilities (45 male; 71 female). The data were collected from 13 centers for family disability, four community rehabilitation centers, three parent societies for people with disabilities, and three self-help groups in Seoul, Busan, and Gyeonggi province. The levels of ambivalence over emotional expression, parentification, and rejecton sensitivity were measured by the Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990), the Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (Jurkovic, Thirkield, & Morrell, 2001), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), respectively. The PROCESS Macro program examined the moderating model. The Results indicated that both levels of parentification and rejection sensitivity increased the level of ambivalence over emotional expression of non-disabled siblings. In addition, rejection sensitivity moderated the effect of parentification on ambivalence over emotional expression. The influence of parentification on ambivalence over emotional expression was greater when the level of rejection sensitivity was high, compared to when it was low.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of dopaminergic receptors (DR) in behavioral sensitization, as measured by locomotor activity, and the over-expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides after repeated administration of cocaine in mice. Repeated administrations of cocaine induced behavioral sensitization and CART over-expression in mice. The levels of striatal CART mRNA were significantly increased on the $3^{rd}$ day. CART peptides were over-expressed on the $5^{th}$ day in the striata of behaviorally sensitized mice. A higher proportion of $CART^+$ cells in the cocaine-treated mice were present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell than in the dorsolateral (DL) part of caudate putamen (CP). The concomitant administration of both $D_1R$ and $D_2R$ antagonists, SCH 23390 ($D_1R$ selective) and raclopride ($D_2R$ selective), blocked cocaine induced-behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression, and cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)/ protein kinase A (PKA)/phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) signal pathways. SCH 23390 more predominantly inhibited the locomotor activity, CART over-expression, pCREB and PKA activity than raclopride. Cocaine induced-behavioral sensitization was also attenuated in the both $D_1R$ and $D_2R$ knockout (KO) mice, respectively. CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/pCREB signal pathways were inhibited in the $D_1R$-KO mice, but not in the $D_2R$-KO mice. It is suggested that behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/pCREB signal pathways induced by repeated administration of cocaine could be more predominantly mediated by $D_1R$.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

본 연구는 상아모세포의 분화와 상아질 형성과정에서 필수적인 인자로 알려진 NFI-C가 상아모세포 기질단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, MDPC-23 상아모세포에 NFI-C 유전자를 과발현 시키거나 발현억제시킨 후 상아질 기질단백질 유전자들의 발현을 RT-PCR로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. MDPC-23 세포에서 NFI-C mRNA는 NFI-C 과발현후에 현저히 증가하였으며, NFI-C 발현억제 후에는 감소하였다. 2. NFI-C가 과발현된 MDPC-23 세포는 NFI-C 단백질이 핵과 세포질에서 뚜렷이 관찰되었으나, NFI-C 발현이 억제된 MDPC-23 세포에서는 NFI-C 단백질의 발현이 대조군에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 3. NFI-C 발현이 억제된 MDPC-23 세포는 대조군에 비하여 I형 아교질, OC, 및 DSPP mRNA의 발현은 감소하였으나 BSP의 발현은 증가하였다. ALP와 DMP4의 발현은 NFI-C 발현억제 후에도 변화가 없었다. 4. NFI-C가 과발현된 MDPC-23 세포에서는 ALP와 DMP4 mRNA의 발현은 대조군에 비하여 증가하였으며 I형 아교질, OC, DSPP, 및 BSP의 발현은 감소하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5889-5893
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• 2014

Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a common feature associated with clinical outcome in many types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCO). However, the clinical importance of EGFR over-expression in SCCO remains unsettled as conflicting results exist. Therefore we carried out the present meta-analysis of published studies for clarification. A total of 13 studies including 1, 150 patients were enrolled. EGFR over-expression was positive in 722 of these cases. With EGFR over-expression, patients had higher depth of invasion, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. However, expression had no relation with degree of differentiation, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage or lymphatic invasion. EGFR over-expression is probably a valuable predictor for the T stage, vascular invasion and OS, and it could be used as a poor prognosis indicator for the esophageal SCC patients. Targeting therapy to EFGR should be considered to the combined treatment in SCCO.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.748-760
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• 2021

본 연구는 직장인의 정서표현신념이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 미치는 영향에서 정서표현 양가성과 심리적 유연성의 이중매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 19세 이상의 직장인 346명(남 176명, 여 170명)을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구참여자들에게 정서표현신념, 정서표현 양가성, 심리적 유연성, 전문적 도움추구 태도를 측정하는 설문을 실시한 뒤 SPSS와 Macro를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 정서표현신념, 정서표현 양가성, 심리적 유연성, 전문적 도움추구 태도 간에 유의미한 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 정서표현신념과 전문적 도움추구 태도의 관계에서 심리적 유연성의 매개역할은 유의미하였고, 정서표현 양가성의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않았다, 셋째, 정서표현신념이 정서표현 양가성과 심리적 유연성을 거쳐 전문적 도움추구 태도로 이어지는 이중매개효과가 유의하였다. 이를 통해 직장인의 전문적 도움추구 태도 형성 과정을 이해하고 이들의 도움추구를 도울 수 있는 개입방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2007

$TGF-{\beta}1$ induces Ig germ-line ${\alpha}$ ($GL{\alpha}$) transcription and subsequent class switching recombination (CSR) to IgA. In the present study, we investigated the roles of two E3-ubiquitin ligases, Smurfs (HECT type) and Arkadia (RING finger type) on $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA CSR. We found that over-expression of Smurf1 and Smurf2 decreased $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and strengthened the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity. Further, over-expression of Smurf1 and Smurf2 decreased both Smad3/4-mediated and Runx3-mediated $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activities, suggesting that the Smurfs can down-regulate the major $TGF-{\beta}1$ signaling pathway and decrease $GL{\alpha}$ gene expression. In parallel, the over-expressed Smurf1 decreased the expression of endogenous IgA CSR-predictive transcripts ($GLT_{\alpha}$, $PST_{\alpha}$, and $CT_{\alpha}$) and also $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA secretion. Conversely over-expression of Arkadia abolished the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GLT_{\alpha}$ expression and IgA secretion. Similar results were obtained in the presence of over-expressed Smad7 and Smurf1. These results indicate that Arkadia can amplify $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA CSR by degrading Smad7, which interacts with Smurf1. We conclude that Smurf and Arkadia have opposite roles in the regulation of $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA isotype expression.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the change of couple relationship factors predicting marital satisfaction and divorce intention over time tv comparing the couples' first year with their present year of marriage. The couple relationship factors consisted of affection, ambivalence, affectional expression, the expression of negativity. The study subjects 355 married women having preschool children aged 7 years old and elementary school students in the 6th grade. Data were analyzed by SPSSWIN with the method of MANOVA. The results of this study showed that couples in happy groups without divorce intention became less affectionate and demonstrated less affectional expression, and more ambivalence and expression of negativity over time. However, the amount of change was not as large as that of the unhappy groups. The findings of this research indicated that the decline of affection and affectional expression and the increase of ambivalence and expression of negativity were probably, as normative, a natural consequence of the transition from the first year of marriage to a more mature relationship. Therefore, the change over time was not important. However, the amount and aspects of change were the main points which researchers and practitioners should pal attention to in the future.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

This study analyzes the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertising photos. First, photo image components are classified into seven categories: location (indoor-outdoor), the model's movement, pose, facial expression, gender, race and number of models. The forms of expression are classified into six categories: direct expression, sensual expression, symbolic expression, storytelling expression, dramatic expression, and sexual expression. With the aforementioned classifications, the trends were studied for three years from 2013 to 2015. The analysis result indicates the following: for the details of photo image components, the portion of indoor photos, static poses and conscious facial expressions was over 60% of the total for every season of the 3 years, while there was a slight increase in the number of models and the diversity of races. For the forms of expression, the sensual expression showed the largest portion accounting for over 50% of the total, followed by direct expression and storytelling expression. The findings from this study show that the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertisements are changing. Therefore, domestic companies will need to develop photo image components and forms of expression in line with the changing global fashion advertisement trends.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of upper elementary school children in double-income families and to verify whether ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness sequentially mediates the relationship between parentification and smartphone dependency. The participants were 311 upper-elementary school students (4th to 6th graders; 126 boys, 40.5%) in doubleincome households residing in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Incheon. The data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire completed by the participants and were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.7 software. The results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the direct effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of the children from double-income families was statistically insignificant. Secondly, ambivalence over emotional expression mediated the effect of parentification on smartphone dependency, while loneliness did not. Lastly, parentification influenced smartphone dependency through the sequential mediating channel of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness. In conclusion, these findings indicate that interventions for smartphone-overdependent children from double-income families should place emphasis on children's psychological difficulties attributed to parentification. Specifically, this study highlights the importance of alleviating the levels of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness to address the issue of children's smartphone dependency in double-income families, suggesting possible involvement and support at both household and societal levels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2012

In our recent report on gene expression in gastric cancer we identified the endo-sulfatase Sulf-1 gene to be up-regulated in gastric tumors relative to apparently normal (AN), and paired normal (PN) gastric tissue samples. In the present report we investigate the protein expression levels of Sulf-1 gene in gastric tumors, AN and PN samples using tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry. Expression data was collected from two sets of TMA's containing replicate sections of tissue samples. Scoring data from TMA set-1 revealed a significant difference in Sulf-1 immunoreactivity between tumors and "normals" (PN and AN) (p-value = 0.001928). Also, Sulf-1 expression in tumors was also significantly different from either PN (p-value = 0.019) or AN (p-value = 0.006) samples. Similar results were obtained from analysis of scoring data from the second set of arrays. Comparison of mRNA expression and protein expression in gastric tumor tissues revealed that in 6/20 (30%) tumor samples showed up-regulated protein expression concordant with over-expression of mRNA. However, a discord with mRNA being over-expressed relative to down regulated protein expression was observed in majority 14/20 (70%) of tumor samples. Our study indicates down regulation of Sulf-1 protein expression in gastric tumors relative to PN and AN samples which is discordant with mRNA over-expression seen in tumors.