• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2021

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. Methods: PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. Results: Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.337-350
• /
• 1989

본 연구에서는 SDS/polyacrylamide젤 전기영동과 2차원 전기영동을 사용하여 Gerris paludum(소금쟁이)의 난 형성 동안 난소 단백질과 혈림프 단백질을 비교하였다. 또한 난물질의 구성성분인 glycoprotein의 양상을 살펴 보았다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 난을 갖지 않는 5령의 난소 단백질의 양상을 성체의 산란 무 난소 단백질 퍼턴과 유사하였다. 난 발달동안의 난소의 단백질중 M.W 66,000-110,000 사이의 단백질이 난을 갖지 않은 난소 단백질에 비해 많은 양이 존재하였다. 난을 갖지 않은 난소에서는 glycoprotein은 나타나지 않았다. glycoprotein은 5령의 난 발달이 진행됩에 따라 점차적으로 증가하였다. 산란후 성체의 난소에서는 5령의 난을 갖지 않는 난소에서처럼 glycoprotein은 나타나지 않았다. 또한, M.W 66,000-110,000 사이의 혈림프 단백질은 5령의 난 형성 동안 양적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 난소 단백질 중 일부를 혈림프로부터 얻을 것이라는 사실을 제시하는 것이다. 발달하고 있는 난의 glycoprotein은 이 단계의 혈림프에서도 점차 증가하였다. 낮은 분자 영역에서 하나의 band (M.W. 9,500)가 난을 갖지 않는 5령과 성체의 혈림프에서 분리되었다. 이 단백질은 고분자량의 영역(M.W. 66,000-110,000)에서 나타나는 glycoprotein 전구체라고 생 각된다. 2차원 전기영동에서는 난을 갖지 않은 난소 단백질이 난을 가지고 있는 난소 단백질에 비해 적은 spots로 분리되었고 그 양도 적었다. M.W 45,000-110,000 사이의 band들은 2차원 전기영동에서 산성쪽으로 분리되어 나타났다. 특히, M.W. 102,000의 분자량을 가지는 band는 4개의 spots bl, b2, b3 및 b4로 분리되었다. 반면에 M.W 24,000이하의 단백질들은 산성쪽의 단백질보다 염기성쪽으로 분리되었다. Gepris paludum의 난황 형성과정에 있어서 세포내 기관(= 세포 소기관)의 기작이 난세포의 난황단백질 합성과 관계를 가지고 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2003

높은 농도로 투여된 성선자극호르몬 분비호르몬 이성체(GnRH-Ag)는 성선자극호르몬의 분비를 억제시키고 난소의 기능을 억제하는 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 체외수정 및 배아이식 시술과정에서 과배란 유도를 위해 다량의 GnRH-Ag를 사용하고 있으며, 이는 progesterone을 보충해 주어야 하는 황체기 결함을 유발시킨다. 본 실험의 목적은 이러한 황체기 결함을 유발시키는 원인을 알아보고자 사람 과배란 유도 과정과 비슷하게 생쥐에 GnRH-Ag와 PMSG를 투여하고 난소내 세 포자연사와 호르몬 합성 의 변화를 조사하고자 하였다. GnRH-Ag과 생리 식염수를 PMSG 투여 전 48시간부터 투여 후 48시간까지 12시간 간격으로 10$\mu$g씩 주사한 후 난소와 혈액을 채취하였다. 결과로서 난소의 무게는 GnRH-Ag만을 투여한 군에서 다른 두 실험군(PMSG 투여군, PMSC + CnRH-Ag 투여군)에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. GnRH-Ag 투여군에서 난소내 강소형성전 난포의 비율은 증가한 반면, PMSC + GnRH-Ag투여군에서는 강소형성 난포의 비율은 감소하였고 황체의 비율은 증가하였다. 한편 난소내 세포자연사를 보이는 난포의 비율은 GnRH-Ag 투여군에서 PMSG 투여군에 비해 두배 이상 증가한 것을 알 수 있었고, 이러한 증가는 PMSC를 함께 투여함으로서 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈청내 estradiol과 progesterone의 농도는 GnRH-Ag 투여군에서 다른 두군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 GnRH-Ag와 함께 PMSG를 투여 한 경우 estradiol 농도는 PMSG 투여군 수준까지 완전히 회복되었으나, progesterone농도는 완전히 회복되지 않았다. 결론적으로 체외수정 및 배아이식 과정에서 사용되는 GnRH-Ag는 난소내 세포자연사를 유발하고 호르몬 합성을 억제시켜 황체기 결함을 유발시킬 수 있으며, 이를 막기 위해 적절한 progesterone 보충이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to investigate the number changes of the growing and mature follicles in ovary following repeats of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) treatments for superovulation in nulliparous rats. Thirty two rats(Sprague-Dawely, about 200~250 gm) were randomized into 4 groups. Control group rats were sacrified at estrus phase confirmed by vaginal smear. PMSG-treated group 1 rats, PMSG-treated group 2 rats and PMSG-treated group 3 rats were sacrified at 48 hrs after injection once with PMSG 25 IU, after 2 repeated injection by a week interval, and 3 repeated injection, respectively. The uteri and ovaries of rats were removed and weighed and then were observed grossly and serial sections of all ovaries and some sections of uteri by paraffin embedding were stained with H-E. Number of ovarian follicles about 3 grades of small, middle and large follicles from seondary and follicles were investigated by LM photographies of ovary preparations. The criteria of the small, middle, and large follicles were based as small follicle with preantral follicles with 2~4 layers of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, as secondary follicles with more than 5 layers of granulosa cells and early signs of antral cavity or with small clefts on either side of the oocytes, and as tirtiary follicles with a single medium sized antral cavity or large well-formed antral cavity, respectively. In gross findings, the wall of the uteri in control group were thin, and those in 3 PMS-treated group were markedly thickened and some uterine lumen of those filled with fluid. In histological findings, the walls of the uteri from 3 PMSG-treated groups were hypertrophied and their blood and lymph vessels were dilated than those of control group. The ovaries fo 3 PMSG-treated groups were more increased in size and the cortexes were more developed and increased in width but there are no difference of development and changes in 3 PMSG-treated groups. The weight of the uteri and ovaries per rat in PMSG -treated group 1, 2 and 3 were a, pp.ared to be significantly increased 171.4$\pm$47.6%, 162.3$\pm$43.9%, 206.9$\pm$30.4%, respectively than those of control groups. The mean number of follicle per ovary in control group were a, pp.ared to be 17.1$\pm$3.5, 46.2$\pm$14.5, and 74.3$\pm$22.7 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles per ovary were a, pp.ared to be 137.7$\pm$31.7. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMSG-treated group 1 were a, pp.ared to be 25.6$\pm$7.3, 78.1$\pm$29.9, and 83.2$\pm$34.0, at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 187.5$\pm$58.8. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMS-treated group 2 were a, pp.ared to be 21.9$\pm$5.2, 67.8$\pm$16.8, and 68.0$\pm$14.9 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 157.7$\pm$26.2. The mean number of follicle per ovary in PMS-treated group 3 were a, pp.ared to be 21.7$\pm$4.8, 61.5$\pm$17.0, and 59.7$\pm$16.2 at large, middle and small follicles, respectively and total number of these 3 grade follicles were a, pp.ared to be 143.5$\pm$29.6. The number of follicles in PMSG-treated group 1 a, pp.ared to be more number than other 2 PMSG-treated gruops and tended to be decreased by frequency of PMSG-treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.563-567
• /
• 2007

This study evaluated the effect of ANTORIN R-10(pFSH), a commercially available follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian morphology, on follicular development and serum estradiol levels in rats. Immature female Wistar S/T rats(27 day old; 80-100 g B.wt) maintained under controlled environmental conditions($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; 50% humidity; 12 h light/12 h dark cycle) with free access to standard laboratory feed and tap water were utilized. Animals were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for at least 2 weeks before being included in the experiment. Rats were randomly allotted to 5 groups(Control, SL 0.1AU, SH 0.2AU, TL 0.1AU and TH 0.2AU). ANTORIN R-10 was subcutaneously injected twice daily for 3 days. Twenty hours after hormone treatment, blood was collected to estimate the serum estradiol $17-\beta$ concentration. Immediately, all rats were sacrificed and the ovarian morphology, ovary weight and number of follicles were recorded. Ovaries were fixed for histomorphological examination. Higher standard and treatment groups were significantly increased on ovary weight and the number of follicles more than 1mm compared with lower standard and treatment. However, no difference revealed between standard and treatment groups. ANTORIN R-10 was similar effects of follicles development and maturation compared with House standard FSH.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2006

Women's aging made a functional decline at ovary, This functional problem causes estrogen deficiency and many disorders, such as, sexual dysfunction, obesity, osteoporosis, urinary incontinence, skin and all body's aging, etc. We determined the ameliorative effects of some herbal extracts mixture on postmenopausal symptoms in ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats. Nine-weeks-old female rats were ovariectomized and treated with singled pomegranate extracts (0.40, 1.20 g/kg/day) and mixed pomegranate extracts (1.08, 3.24g/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Oral administration of pomegranate extracts for 8 weeks were increased serum estradiol level and improved the serum osteocalcin, ALP activity and bone specific ALP level. And pomegranate extracts were reduced body weight, adipose tissue. Uterus weight in treated group tended to improve. In addition, the concentrationl of triglyceride and total cholesterol were lower after 8 weeks. HDL-cholesterol levels improved with does-dependency in treated groups. Collagen level on skin and cartilage showed a slight increase at treatment for 8 weeks. $^{\infty}These$ results showed that both of singular extract treatments and extracts mixture treatments were effective on general postmenopausal symptoms at overiectomized rats, and especially, the mixture treatments were more effective than singular treatment. $^{\infty}In$ conclusion, these herbal extracts' mixture showed improvement effect in general factors related with postmenopausal disorders.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.471-482
• /
• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 1998

우리나라 황칠나무의 자생지인 전남 완도지방에서 황칠나무의 재배시 종자의 발아율을 향상시키는 방법을 구명하고자 본 시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 황칠나무의 열매는 핵과로서 자방의 길이가 7.8~10.7mm였으며, 자방폭은 6.9~9.0mm의 타원형이었다. 자방은 5실로 구분되어 있었고, 1실에는 각각 1개의 종자가 형성되었다. 따라서 자방 1개에는 5개의 종자가 들어있으며, 5개의 종자중의 1개종자는 배유가 형성되지 않은 무배유 종자로 발아가 이루어지지 않았다. 황칠나무의 종자는 길이가 6.3~7.4mm였으며, 종자폭은 2.0~2.9mm이었고, 종자의 100립중은 1.43~1.80g이었다. 황칠나무 종자의 발아율을 향상하기 위해서는 채종 즉시 가을파종은 $40^{\circ}C$온탕에 90분~120분간 침지한 후 파종을 하면 종자의 발아율이 향상될 것으로 판단된다. 또한 종자 저장후 봄파종은 $10^{\circ}C$의 온도에 60일~90일정도 저장한 후 파종하면 발아율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 2022

A 10-year-old female Pomeranian weighing 2.25 kg with a history of gradual weight loss and an intraabdominal mass confirmed with ultrasonography at a local hospital was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Jeju National University. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention. Blood analysis revealed hypoglycemia (57 mg/dL; reference range, 60-110 mg/dL). On abdominal ultrasonography, a heterogeneously hyperechoic mass measuring 7.51 × 10.6 cm was found at the level of the left kidney. Computed tomographic findings showed a unilateral left kidney mass with a 10-cm diameter and vessel contrast enhancement in the corticomedullary phase. Unilateral nephrectomy and ovariohysterectomy were performed because left ovary enlargement was observed during surgery. The renal mass was adjacent to the aorta and vena cava and attached to a portion of the small intestine, greater omentum, and left ovary. The mass was huge (12.5 × 10 × 7 cm) and was 16.5% of the body weight. Histopathological examination revealed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and ovarian metastasis. After surgery, clinical signs improved remarkably, and serum glucose level returned to normal. As RCC is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, the owner decided not to proceed with postoperative adjunctive therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of ovarian metastasis with huge RCC in a dog.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2005

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in the manufacture of a multitude of chemical products, including epoxy resins and polycarbonate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BPA administration on reproductive characteristics and blood hematological and chemical values in offspring of pregnant dams treated with BPA. BPA was administrated to pregnant mice by intraperitoneally injection with 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg B.W. for 5 times at 3 days interval on gestation days 1-16. There were no treatment-related effects of BPA on reproductive organ weight in male offsprings at 45 days-of-age, but body weight was the lowest in 5.0mg BPA group when compared to other groups (P<0.05). No differences in semen characteristics (sperm concentration, viability, motility and abnormality) were observed between the control and BPA treatment groups. The WBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in male offsprings were not difference for any treatment groups, but RBC value in BPA groups was significantly increased comparing to the control group (P<0.05). The PLT value was slightly higher in 5.0mg BPA groups than in any other group, but not significantly difference among the experimental groups. In female offsprings, the effects of BPA didn't affect to the body and ovary weight, but the uterus weight in 5.0mg BPA group was slightly heavier than that of control group (P>0.05). No statically significant difference in blood hematological values in female offsprings were observed between the control group and BPA groups, but the concentration of albumin and BUN were significantly higher in 0.5mg BPA group when compared to control and other BPA treatment groups (P<0.05). The histological evaluation of testis and ovary in growing offspring at 45 days-of-age was not difference between the control group and BPA groups, but endometriosis of the uterus in female offspring was dramatically increased in 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA groups. These founding suggest that low concentration of BPA might not have a important role on reproductive ability or blood metabolite in offspring of pregnant dams treated with BPA.