• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1997

Histological investigation of the number of follicles following gonadotropin treatments for superovulation was carried out in mature Sprague-Dwaley(SD) rats. Routinely serial sections of paraffin-embedded ovaries were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and evaluated with light microscope. During the study unusual cases of microscopic alterations were observed in the medulla of ovaries in two rats. Case one: An ovum and its follicular fluid outflowed in medulla of ovary. The follicular fluid was densly proteinuous. Corona raiata consisted of 2-6 layers thick cells in the periphery of the ovum. While the cortical side of the follicular wall was intact with normal granulosa cell layer the meullary side of it was ruptured. Case two: A large cyst was present in medulla of ovary hilus. The cyst occupied the entire medulla displacing the ovarian archetecture and enclosed by connective tissue and smooth muscle wall.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship between BUN and body condition score (BCS) in Hanwoo. The concentration of BUN was 16.2 mg/dl, 17.8 mg/dl, 15.1 mg/dl, 17.9 mg/dl, and 28.3mg/dl in pregnancy, repeat breeding, follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and ovarian atrophy, respectively. In Hanwoo with BCS $2.0{\sim}2.9$, $3.0{\sim}3.5$ and $3.6{\sim}4.0$, the concentration of BUN was 15.8 mg/dl, 17.0 mg/dl, and 17.6 mg/dl, respectively. Fluoroimmunoassay showed that serum estrogen and progesterone levels were decreased in reproductive disorders Hanwoo, such as ovarian atrophy, endometritis, and weak estrus. The testosterone level was significantly decreased in Hanwoo with reproductive disorders compared to that in pregnant Hanwoo ($0.02{\sim}0.03\;ng/ml$ vs 0.13 ng/ml, p<0.05). The progesterone and estrogen concentrations in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid. These results show that there is no relationship between BUN and BCS in Hanwoo, and the concentration of sex steroid hormone in serum and follicular fluid are changed in reproductive disorders Hanwoo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.299-302
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• 1996

Milk samples(n = 78) were taken 19d, 20d, 21d, 22d after artificial insemination(AI) for early pregnancy diagnosis by using the Enzyme immunoassay(EIA) kit. The progesterone ($P_4$) concentration in the whole milk was measured on the same day of pregnancy diagnosis. Rectal palpation(RP) was accomplished between 60d and 70d after AI to estimate the ovary condition and pregnancy status. Milk progesterone concentrations measured by Radio-immunoassay(RIA) method, in the pregnant cows at 17d, 19d, 21d after insemination were $17.10{\pm}0.91$, $17.60{\pm}0.46$, and $18.43{\pm}0.79nmol/l$, whereas those in the not-pregnant cows were $6.57{\pm}1.03$, $2.63{\pm}0.29$, and $0.67{\pm}0.08nmol/l$, respectively. When the progesterone concentration was less than 7 nmol/l, the color of the EIA kit was lighter and when the progesterone concentration was ${\geq}16nmol/l$, the color of the EIA kit was darker compared to the standard color. The detection rates of error by judging the color differences were 5.1% and 20.7%, respectively. In the early pregnancy diagnosis by the EIA kit and RIA method, the accuracy rates in the pregnancy of cows were 82% and 87%, and those in not-pregnant cows were 86% and 91%, respectively. For ovarian status estimated by the RIA method and certified by RP, the accuracy rates of the ovarian atrophy, follicular cyst and luteal cyst were 80, 91 and 83% and the progesterone concentrations were 2.51, 2.03, and 26.7 nmol/l, respectively.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2011

A total 5,946 cows from 24 dairy farms were carried out for the improvement of reproductive performance. Dairy cows in post-parturition 30 day were performed periodic reproductive examination to check for recovery of post-parturition ovary and uterus and for the early diagnosis of reproductive disease. The results obtained from this studies were as follow. The result of 1,126 cows with ovario-uterine disease were 579 slient heat and error of estrus detection (51.4%), 296 ovarian disease (26.3%), 248 uterine disease (22%), mummification and freematin were each 1 head (0.1%), respectively. Hormonal therapeutic effects were follicular cyst 81.5%, luteal cyst 90.7%, endometritis 86.9%, mucometra 90.1%, pyometra 60.9%, respectively. In cows, even if the 1st treatment fails, 2nd, 3rd treatment were performed. Therapeutic effect of 2nd, 3rd were reduced, but the number of cured cows were gradually increased. The cured cows after hormonal treatment were performed service repeatedly and the cumulative conception rate were increased. The cows treated with hormones at first service, the conception rate were follicular cyst 26%, luteal cyst 64.1%, endometritis 38.7%, mucometra 40%, pyometra 20.5%, respectively. The cumulative conception rates were increased by repeated service follicular cyst 57.3%, luteal cyst 84.6%, endometritis 67%, mucometra 75%, pyometra 64.1%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.515-523
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• 1990

Plasma progesterone concentrations in 44 suckling Korean native cows were determined to monitor ovarian activity postpartum by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were collected in 3 day intervals from 15 to 80 days postpartum. The ovaries and uterus were examined in 6 day intervals by rectal palpation. Results are summaried as follows: 1. The cows were qualified into four categories; Type I(normal): cyclic changes in plasma progesterone concentrations appear within 45 days postpartum(35 cows, 79.5%), Type II(cycle delayed): delayed resumption of ovarian activity by 55 days postpartum(5 cows, 11. 4%), Type III(cycle ceased with low progesterone): plasma progesterone concentrations remained low(${\leq}1ng/ml$) until 80 days postpartum(3 cows, 6.8%), Type IV(cycle ceased with high progesterone): plasma progesterone concentrations after 30 days remained high(${\geq}4.0ng/ml$) until 80 days postpartum(1 cow, 2.3%). 2. Out of the cows classified Type II and III, 7 cows had inactive ovaries and a cow had follicular cyst by rectal palpation. The cow of Type IV was diagnosed as bearing persistent corpus luteum by rectal palpation. 3. About 82% of the cows showed significant rises in plasma progesterone concentrations prior to 50 days postpartum and the cows of Type II and III resumed cycles in 31. 6(range 17~55) days after calving. However, 43.2% resumed cycles in 50 days postpartum by estrus signs. These results indicated that plasma progesterone concentrations assessed by radioimmunoassay can be utilized for monitoring postpartum ovarian activity and would be helpful for the early detection of ovarian dysfunction in the Korean native cow.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1997

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of genital disease and early pregnancy diagnosis was performed in Korean native cattle. The size of ovarian follicle in preovulation, luteal stage and follicular cyst was 18.9, 9.2 and 27.6 mm, respectively, and the thickness of follicular wall was 2.3, 1.8 and 2.8 mm, respectively. The size of corpus luteums in formation stage, activity stage, regression stage, cystic corpora lutea and luteal cyst was 6.2, 11.3, 8.6, 26.7 and 25.9 mm, respectively. The thickness of luteal wall in cystic corpora lutea and luteal cyst was 8.4 and 4.9 mm, respectively. The size of embryo or fetus on day 25, 27, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 was 0.8, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 2.2, 2.8 and 3.8 cm, respectively. The size of amniotic vesicle on day 25, 27 and 30 was 1.2, 2.1 and 3,0 cm, respectively. The diameter of pregnant uterus on day 25 and 27 was 7.0 and 7.8 cm, respectively. It was concluded that the ultrasonographci values determined in this study can be used as references for the treatment of genital disease and early pregnancy diagnosis in Korean native cattle.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.263-265
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• 2010

Echinococcosis is a multisystem disease and has propensity to involve any organ, an unusual anatomical site, and can mimic any disease process. Primary peritoneal echinococcosis is known to occur secondary to hepatic involvement but occasional cases of primary peritoneal hydatid disease including pelvic involvement have also been reported. We report here 1 such case of primary pelvic hydatidosis mimicking a malignant multicystic ovarian tumor where there was no evidence of involvement of the liver or spleen. Our patient, a 27-year-old female, was detected to have a large right cystic adnexal mass on per vaginal examination which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Her biochemical parameters were normal and CA-125 levels, though mildly raised, were below the cut off point. She underwent surgery and on exploratory laparotomy, another cystic mass was found attached to the mesentery of the small gut. The resected cysts were processed histopathologically. On cut sections both large cysts revealed numerous daughter cysts. Microscopic examination of fluid from the cysts revealed free scolices with hooklets and the cyst wall had a typical laminated membrane with inner germinal layer containing degenerated protoplasmic mass. The diagnosis of pelvic hydatid disease was confirmed and patient was managed accordingly. Hydatid disease must be considered while making the differential diagnosis of pelvic cystic masses, especially in endemic areas.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.725-734
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• 2018

Ovaries of 21 bitches presented with gynecopathies were surgically removed and histologically examined. Standard histological, as well as immunohistochemical, classification of 193 cystic structures resulted in the classification of 72 cysts of subsurface epithelial structures (SES), 61 follicular cysts (FCs), 38 cystic rete ovarii (CRO), 13 lutein cysts (LCs), and 9 non-classifiable cysts (NCCs). In addition to the histological classification, results were interpreted according to subject medical history, clinical examination outcome, and macroscopic observations during ovariohysterectomy. Dogs with ovarian cysts (OCs) and associated reproductive perturbations were mostly nulliparous, of large breed, and had an average of $9.5{\pm}3$ years. Prolonged or shortened inter-estrus intervals of past heats, however, seemed to be relatively low-risk factors for the development of OCs in dogs. Furthermore, we provide histological observations of a rarely seen canine LC including a degenerated oocyte in the central cavity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

This study was aimed to determine the biometry of genital organs, incidence of gynecological disorders and pregnancy loss in Black Bengal goat (Capra hircus). Genitalia of 118 does were collected from local abattoirs. Biometric parameters of genital organs were measured and gross and histopathological examinations were carried out for detection of abnormalities. For gravid uterus, age of the fetus was determined by measuring crown-rump length. There was no significant difference in the length, width and weight of right and left ovaries (P>0.05). However, the number of follicles between left ($5.3{\pm}2.3$) and right ovaries ($7.4{\pm}2.7$) varied significantly (P<0.05). The mean length of right fallopian tube and uterine horn were not varied with those of left fallopian tube and uterine horn. The length of uterine body, cervix and vagina were $1.3{\pm}0.1cm$, $3.3{\pm}0.5cm$ and $6.8{\pm}1.3cm$, respectively. Overall, 29 (24.6%) genitalia had abnormalities. Fifteen genitalia (12.7%) had ovarian abnormalities including ovaro-bursal adhesions (6.8%), parovarian cyst (5.1%) and follicular cyst (0.9%). Uterine abnormalities were found in 12 genitalia (10.2%) and predominant uterine lesion was endometritis (6.8%) followed by adenomyosis (1.7%), hemorrhagic lesion on endometrial surface (0.9%) and cyst in broad ligament (0.9%). In addition, cyst in fallopian tube (0.9%) and vagina (0.9%) were recorded. The proportion of slaughtered pregnant goats was 15.3% (18/118). The pregnancy wastage was highest in the first month (50.0%) followed by second (33.3%) and third (16.7%) month. It can be concluded that ovaro-bursal adhesions, parovarian cyst and endometritis are the gynecological disorders of major concern in Black Bengal goat.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2002

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. Methods: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. Results: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. Conclusions: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.