• Mycobiology
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2003

Perforated vinyl mulching technique was performed on oyster mushroom beds for controlling mushroom diseases. Mycelium under vinyl sheets were safely protected from outside undesirable microorganisms. One of two mushroom farms showed 75% of disease incidence, the other 40% and National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology(NIAST) 13% in the conventional growing method, whereas 12%, 14%, and 5% in the vinyl mulching cultivation method. Waterlogging caused mushroom bed worse, and Trichoderma spp. were infested on the conventional mushroom bed. Disease incidence investigated in other case was 25% to 30% in the conventional growing method, whereas 5 to 9% in the vinyl mulching cultivation method. Yields in conventional method were 6.5 to 7.2 $kg/m^2$ and those in vinyl mulching method were 7.6 to 8.1 $kg/m^2$. So it was suggested that vinyl mulching technique was good for prevention from disease and elevation of productivity.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2004

This study divides the expression techniques of Zaha Hadid into various types who has manipulated her targeted drawings as her unique design tools in the process of architectural design, analyzes them in terms of the vanishing point, visual point for observation and object of observation and attempts to figure out how the multi-visual expression is applied in the conception of form and space and method of observation. By doing so, this study will suggest the characteristics of the expression techniques using multi-visual. Through the above study, the utilization and characteristics of multi-visual expression of the architecture design process of Zaha Hadid are summarized as follows. Firstly, Zaha Hadid utilizes the strained multi-visual perspective technique which can look out over the interaction between masses simultaneously at multi-angles by changing a perspective drawing of vanishing point 1, 2, and 3. Secondly, it utilizes a landscape perspective technique and embodies an Idea of landscape's spatial arrangement through it as the means to search a dynamic relation of architecture, city, land, and space. Thirdly, there is a projected expression using X-ray perspective technique to make the relations between inside and outside of building to three-dimension volume. Zaha Hadid has used the expression techniques using multi-visual by utilizing various points and has developed and used them as her creative tools for idea. By means of escaping from the expression techniques of simple revival, she has used a new expression technique that can represent recognized space. In the past, the content could change the expression techniques in architecture; however, the liberation of architectural expression techniques can change the content in modern times when require new attempts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2016

Objectives and Methods : The aim of this study was to investigate twirling and supplementation and draining by analyzing ancient acupuncture literature and modern research papers, and to discuss the quantitative standards for the procedure. Results : Twirling supplementation and draining techniques were first described in Huang do neijing, after which they were recorded in various other ancient acupuncture texts. Not only were these techniques used in the active treatment of patient historically, but they also form the foundations of modern-day acupuncture treatment. Twirling supplementation and draining techniques described in ancient literatures can be divided into Yin and Yang. Examples of Yang characteristics include Up, Male, Morning, Hands, the governor vessel, Outside, and Left. The left rotation technique is a reinforcing method performed by moving the thumb forward while rotating the needle. Examples of Yin characteristics include Down, Female, Afternoon, Foot, the conception vessel(CV), Inside, and Right. The right rotation technique is a reducing method performed by moving the thumb backward while rotating the needle. Twirling supplementation and draining has been divided for four ways by classical literature and research that worked before. the direction of acupuncture, the stimulus-quantity of acupuncture, the performance of doctor(the uses of both hands, left and right hand) and the feeling of patient. Conclusions : Therefore, continuous research is required to implement Twirling supplementation and draining in a consistent manner. In addition, more active clinical trials using the techniques are necessary as well.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2017

This paper is to study a technique to detect the real-time route aberrance on the passage route using bumper area of the ship domain theory. In order to evaluate the risk of route aberrance, a quarter line was created between the center line and the outer line, and a passage route with the image line outside the outer line was designed. It calculated the real-time route aberrance with the vessel bumper area to measure the risk level on the passage route. The route aberrance using overlap bumper area was simulated through three kinds of scenario vessel at the designed passage route. In this paper, we proposed Ratio to Aberrance Risk as one of the evaluation parameter to detect the route aberrance risk at each sector in the passage route and to give the evaluation criteria of 5 levels for seafarer's navigation safety. The purpose of this work is to provide the information of the route aberrance to seafarer automatically, to make it possible to prevent the human errors of seafarer on the high risk aberrance route. As the real-time risk of route aberrance on the passage route is automatically evaluated, it was well thought that seafarer can have only a little workload in order to know the risk of route aberrance at early-time. Following the further development of this work, the techniques for detecting the real-time route aberrance will be able to use the unmanned vessel.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.1590-1597
• /
• 2004

Three methods of design sensitivity analysis for structures such as numerical method, analytical method and semi-analytical method have been developed for the last three decades. Although analytical design sensitivity analysis can provide very exact result, it is difficult to implement into practical design problems. Therefore, numerical method such as finite difference method is widely used to simply obtain the design sensitivity in most cases. The numerical differentiation is sufficiently accurate and reliable fur most linear problems. However, it turns out that the numerical differentiation is inefficient and inaccurate in nonlinear design sensitivity analysis because its computational cost depends on the number of design variables and large numerical errors can be included. Thus the semi-analytical method is more suitable for complicated design problems. Moreover, semi-analytical method is easy to be performed in design procedure, which can be coupled with an analysis solver such as commercial finite element package. In this paper, implementation procedure fur the semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis outside of the commercial finite element package is studied and the computational technique is proposed for evaluating the partial differentiation of internal nodal force, so called pseudo-load. Numerical examples coupled with commercial finite element package are shown to verify usefulness of proposed semi-analytical sensitivity analysis procedure and computational technique for pseudo-load.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2009

We propose a digital holographic interference analysis method based on a 2-frame phase-shifting technique for measuring an optical mirror surface. The technique using 2-frame phase-shifting digital interferometry is more efficient than multi-frame phase-shifting techniques because the 2-frame method has the advantage of a reduced number of interferograms, and then takes less time to acquire the wanted topography information from interferograms. In this measurement system, 2-frame phase-shifting digital interferograms are acquired by moving the reference flat mirror surface, which is attached to a piezoelectric transducer, with phase step of 0 or $\pi$/2 in the reference beam path. The measurements are recorded on a CCD detector. The optical interferometry is designed on the basis of polarization characteristics of a polarizing beam splitter. Therefore the noise from outside turbulence can be decreased. The proposed 2-frame algorithm uses the relative phase difference of the neighbor pixels. The experiment has been carried out on an optical mirror which flatness is less than $\lambda$/4. The measurement of the optical mirror surface topography using 2-frame phase-shifting interferometry shows that the peak-to-peak value is calculated to be about $0.1779{\mu}m$, the root-mean-square value is about $0.034{\mu}m$. Thus, the proposed method is expected to be used in nondestructive testing of optical components.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2016

The Passive Auxiliary Feedwater System(PAFS) is one of the advanced safety concepts adopted in the Advanced Power Reactor Plus(APR+). To validate the operational performance of the PAFS, detailed understanding of a boiling heat transfer on horizontal tube outside is of great importance. Especially, in the mechanistic boiling heat transfer model, it is important to visualize the phenomena but there are some limitations with conventional experimental approaches. In the present study, we devised a heater based on the Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) for a more comprehensive visualization and subsequently, a digital image processing technique for the bubble motion measurement was established. Using the measurement technique, important parameters of the nucleate boiling are analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.156-158
• /
• 1995

Total spinal anesthesia is a well documented serious life threatening complication which results from an attempted spinal or epidural analgesia. We had an accidental total spinal anesthesia associated with a cranial nerve paralysis and an eventual unconsciousness during epidural analgesia. A 45-year-old female with an uterine myoma was scheduled for a total abdominal hysterectomy under the epidural analgesia. A lumbar tapping for the epidural analgesia was performed in a sitting position at a level between $L_{3-4}$, using a 18 gauge Tuohy needle. Using the "Loss of Resistance" technique to identify the epidural space, the first attempt failed; however, the second attempt with the same level and the technique was successful. The epidural space was identified erroneously. However, fluid was dripping very slowly through the needle, which we thought was the fluid from the normal saline which was injected from the outside to identify the space. Then 20 ml of 2% lidocaine was administered into the epidural space. Shortly after the spinal injection of lidocaine, many signs of total spinal anesthesia could be clearly observed, accompanied by the following progressing signs of intracrainal nerve paralysis: phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and trigeminal nerve in that order. Then female was intubated and her respiration was controlled without delay. The scheduled operation was carried out uneventfully for 2 hours and 20 minutes. The patient recovered gradually in th4e reverse order four hours from that time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2021

Background Despite the wide demand for thin flaps for various types of extremity reconstruction, the thin elevation technique for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps is not very popular because of its technical difficulty and safety concerns. This study proposes a novel perforator-centralizing technique for super-thin ALT flaps and analyzes its effects in comparison with a skewed-perforator group. Methods From June 2018 to January 2020, 41 patients who required coverage of various types of defects with a single perforator-based super-thin ALT free flap were enrolled. The incidence of partial necrosis and proportion of the necrotic area were analyzed on postoperative day 20 according to the location of superficial penetrating perforators along the flap. The centralized-perforator group was defined as having a perforator anchored to the middle third of the x- and y-axes of the flap, while the skewed-perforator group was defined as having a perforator anchored outside of the middle third of the x- and y-axes of the flap. Results No statistically significant difference in flap thickness and dimension was found between the two groups. The arterial and venous anastomosis patterns of patients in both groups were not significantly different. Only the mean partial necrotic area showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (centralized-perforator group, 3.4%±2.2%; skewed-perforator group, 15.8%±8.6%; P=0.022). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that super-thin ALT perforator flaps can be elevated safely, with minimal partial necrosis, using the perforator-centralizing technique.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2021

Decontamination of systems, structures and components (SSC) during the decommissioning of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) can be for a variety of reasons. The main reasons for decontamination are: to reduce the contamination of SSC to a reasonably low level, to reduce the potential for the spread of contaminants into the environment and to reduce the cost of disposal due to the reduced level of contamination in a particular SSC. The decontamination technique can be aggressive or non-aggressive depending on the intent after the decontamination process. Aggressive decontamination technique is used when the intent is not to reuse the SSC while a non-aggressive decontamination technique is used with the intent of SSC reuse. For different SSCs there are different decontamination techniques that can be used, each having its own advantages and drawbacks. Metal components such as pipes in the nuclear power plant account for a large amount of nuclear wastes generated. Some of these wastes can be reused if the contaminant level is reduced to an acceptable level. Laser ablation is a non-aggressive decontamination technique that can be used to reduce the contamination in pipes to an acceptable level with no secondary waste generated during the process. The operation and control of a laser ablation device must be precise to achieve a high decontamination factor. This precision can be achieved by a well-designed motion control system. For this purpose, a motion control system was developed consisting of two parts: the first part being the precise control of the laser ablation device inside the pipe and the second part is the control of the laser ablation device outside the pipe. This paper describes the Systems Engineering approach for the development process of a motion control system for the Laser decontamination system.