• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1014-1022
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• 2002

This paper analyzed the characteristics of heat transfer in quadangle duct with absorber plate by solar radiation. Effects o( Reynolds number on increasing temperature at outlet for variation of absorber plate temperature were analyzed by using numerical analysis technique. And also the effects of turbulent intensity of inlet flow on increasing temperature at outlet for various duct height and effects of inlet aspect ratio of quadrangle duct and position of heating surface on the outlet temperature were analysed. As the results, Outlet temperature was greatly influenced in low Reynolds number. And the highest outlet temperature distribution appeared on the inlet aspect ratio 2 because of the buoyancy effect.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.514-525
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• 2023

This study conducted numerical simulations with the purpose of analyzing the impact of variations in outlet pressure conditions under extreme temperature conditions on the fluid dynamics and performance of a check valve utilized in hydrogen refueling systems. Under the extreme temperature conditions, changes in outlet pressure conditions of the check valve were investigated to analyze velocity distributions, pressure distributions, and temperature distributions in the operational and connection regions. The analysis results indicated that changes in outlet pressure had a significant influence on the internal temperature variation of the check valve. Furthermore, due to density variations in the connection region caused by the cooling effect of excessively cooled hydrogen, a bias in the primary flow direction towards the lower part of the valve outlet was observed in the outlet area. Through a comparison of the results of the valve's inherent flow performance, represented by the flow coefficient, it was observed that when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet was below 0.37 MPa, sufficient flow was not ensured.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2003

The work presented here is a design and an implementation of PID control system to regulate a supply duct outlet air temperature in PEM (Personal Environment Module). In PEM, the air is heated to the required temperature while it flows through the supply duct without any mixing chamber. This makes the control of air temperature in PEM difficult. A simulation is done first to understand the relationship between a temperature distribution in working area, flow rate and the outlet air temperature of PEM. Then a linear dynamic model of heating process in PEM is derived. P, PD and PID type control systems, to provide the rapid response without overshoot and saturation in heater command voltage, are designed using a linear model obtained. Experimentally obtained data shows that the control system satisfies the design criteria and works properly in controlling the supply duct outlet air temperature.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2009

The purpose of the study is to decrease the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the compressor under high thermal load conditions for air cooled vapor compression refrigeration system. The subcooling bypass line called subcooling bypass technology(SBT) is installed to the window type A/C system to investigate the performance test. The standard air calorimeter test method is applied to measure the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the compressor, cooling capacity, power consumption, and system EER. The refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the compressor decreases as the bypass rate increases. When the bypass rate is 8.2%, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the compressor decreases $2.8^{\circ}C$ while the cooling capacity and EER are the same as the conventional A/C unit.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2001

Heat flow characteristics during hot water extraction process was studied experimentally. Data were taken at various outlet port type for the fixed inlet port type, inlet-outlet temperature differences and mass flow rates. In this study, the temperature distribution in a storage tank and an outlet temperature were measured to predict a flow pattern in the storage tank, and a hot water extraction efficiency was analysed with respect to the variables dominating a extraction process. Experimental results show that the extraction efficiency is high in a low flow rate in case of using modified distributor I(MDI) as a outlet port type.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2010

A numerical stack model has been developed to predict the temperature at a constant-load operation of molten carbonate fuel cell stacks. For the validity of the model, the simulated results with several boundary conditions were compared in the cell temperature data obtained from 75 kW class MCFC stack operation. It was shown that the simulated results with the existing boundary condition, which the stack outlet temperature was fixed at $650^{\circ}C$, didn't match well with the measured data. On the other hand, the stack model with the outlet temperature modified by the outlet manifold temperature measured from the stack under several electric loads was found to explain the measured cell temperature distribution well. The results show that the model can be used to predict the cell temperature distribution in the stacks by the measurement of the manifold outlet temperature.

• 에너지공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

상용 code인 Fluent를 이용하여 도자기의 1차 소성로에 대해 온도장과 속도장을 계산하고 열효율을 산출하였다. 수치해석의 변수로는 배출구 및 도자기의 위치를 변화시켰으며, 수치해석 방법은 검사체적에 기초한 유한차분방법 및 Upwind scheme과 SIMPLEC Algorithm을 사용하였고 난류모델로는 표준 k-$\varepsilon$ 모델을 사용하였다. 계산결과 출구 위치가 전체 소성로내 벡터유동의 양상을 크게 좌우하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전체 온도장에 대해서는 복사의 영향으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 예열대 상부에 출구가 있는 경우와 비교할 때 예열대 또는 냉각대의 측면에 출구가 있는 경우에 그 영역의 온도가 다소 높게 나타났다. 소성품의 위치는 로내 유동장 및 온도 분포에 크게 영향을 끼치지는 않으나 소성품 내 온도는 그 위치하는 영역의 온도 분포에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 예열대 상부에 출구가 있는 경우 열효율은 17%로 매우 저조하였고 출구에서의 가스온도는 약 1000 K로 매우 높았다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to predict outlet temperature and humidity through underground pit for the reduction of cooling load and heating load. Commonly, the underground temperature is lower than outdoor in summer but the reverse happens in winter. When the outdoor average air temperature is $25.7^{\circ}C$ during cooling periods, the average outlet air temperature through underground pit is $23.6^{\circ}C$ with 3 m-depth and 60m-length and is $22.2^{\circ}C$ with 3 m-depth and 150 m-length. When the outdoor average air temperature is $4.9^{\circ}C$ during heating periods, the average outlet air temperature through underground pit is $7.7^{\circ}C$ with 3m-depth and 60 m-length and is $10.8^{\circ}C$ with 3 m-depth and 150 m-length. The outlet air temperature is affected by more length than depth of underground pit. The diffusion ratio of outdoor humidity is $-7.7\times10^{-8}kg/s$ in cooling periods and $9.29\times10^{-7}kg/s$ in heating periods.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2016

지열원 히트펌프 시스템에서 지중 열교환기 설계를 위해 수행하는 현장 열응답 시험은 많은 시간과 비용이 수반되기 때문에 조건 변화에 따른 출구온도 예측이 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 주로 사용하는 수직형 지중 열교환기의 열전달 성능을 예측하기 위한 방안으로 3차원 CFD 해석 기법을 제안하고, 2개소의 현장 열응답 시험의 출구온도와 기울기 값을 비교하여 CFD 해석 방법의 신뢰성을 확인하였다. CFD 해석 결과, 2개소의 현장 열응답 시험의 출구온도는 $0.5^{\circ}C$ 이내에서 예측하였고, 기울기 값은 1.6% 이내에서 적절히 예측하였다. 이를 통해 CFD 해석 방법의 신뢰성을 확인하고, 2개소의 현장 열응답 시험의 유량 및 지중 유효 열전도도 조건을 각각 ${\pm}20%$ 변화시키면서 현장 열응답 시험의 출구온도를 예측하였다. 첫 번째 현장(Case 1)의 경우 유량 변화에 따라 $28.0^{\circ}C$(-20%)와 $29.6^{\circ}C$(+20%), 지중 유효 열전도도 변화에 따라 $29.6^{\circ}C$(-20%)와 $28.0^{\circ}C$(+20%)로 현장 열응답 시험의 출구온도를 예측하였으며, 두 번째 현장(Case 2)의 경우 유량 변화에 따라 $28.4^{\circ}C$(-20%)와 $29.8^{\circ}C$(+20%), 지중 유효 열전도도 변화에 따라 $29.7^{\circ}C$(-20%)와 $28.4^{\circ}C$(+20%)로 현장 열응답 시험의 출구온도를 각각 예측하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2002

Heat flow characteristics during hot water extraction process was studied experimentally. Data were taken at various outlet port type for the fixed inlet port type, inlet-outlet temperature differences and mass flow rates. In this study, the temperature distribution in a storage tank and an outlet temperature were measured to predict a degree of stratification in the storage tank, and a useful rate of hot water was analysed with respect to the variables dominating a extraction process. Experimental results show that the degree of stratification and useful rate of hot water are all high in a low flow rate in case of using modified distributor I (MDI) as the outlet port type.