• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2015

In this paper, I investigated the historical development process for the product of two vectors in the plane and space, and draw implications for educational guidance to internal and external product of vectors based on it. The results of the historical analysis show that efforts to define the product of the two line segments having different direction in the plane justified the rules of complex algebraic calculations with its length of the product of their lengths and its direction of the sum of their directions. Also, the efforts to define the product of the two line segments having different direction in three dimensional space led to the introduction of quaternion. In addition, It is founded that the inner product and outer product of vectors was derived from the real part and vector part of multiplication of two quaternions. Based on these results, I claimed that we should review the current deployment method of making inner product and outer product as multiplications that are not related to each other, and suggested one approach for connecting the inner and outer product.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1665-1670
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to provide the characterization and method for producing anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies in egg-laying hens and to determine if the antibody can restrain the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. Selected antigenic fractions (whole cell, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from E. coli O157:H7 were injected to hens in order to produce anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies. The immune response and the egg yolk antibodies of laying hens against the whole cell, outer membrane protein and LPS antigens were monitored by ELISA. The level of antibodies against whole cell antigen monitored through ELISA sharply increased after the initial immunization, and it was found to be maximum on day 49 however, the level was maintained up to day 70. Antibodies (5 mg/ml) directed against the whole cell inhibited E. coli proliferation 10-13 times more than outer membrane protein or LPS. The antibody response against the whole cell antigens appeared to have higher activity in restraining the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 than antibody against outer membrane protein or LPS. Results reflected that increasing the IgY's in the egg yolk could prevent greater economic losses due to human and animal health from pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli O157:H7.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

For an outer action $\alpha$ of a finite group G on a factor M, it was proved that H is a, normal subgroup of G if and only if there exists a finite group F and an outer action $\beta$ of F on the crossed product algebra M $\times$$_{\alpha}$ G = (M $\times$$_{\alpha}$ F. We generalize this to infinite group actions. For an outer action $\alpha$ of a discrete group, we obtain a Galois correspondence for crossed product algebras related to normal subgroups. When $\alpha$ satisfies a certain condition, we also obtain a Galois correspondence for fixed point algebras. Furthermore, for a minimal action $\alpha$ of a compact group G and a closed normal subgroup H, we prove $M^{G}$ = ( $M^{H}$)$^{{beta}(G/H)}$for a minimal action $\beta$ of G/H on $M^{H}$.f G/H on $M^{H}$.TEX> H/.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1389-1403
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• 1993

A procedure has be developed to optimize the product's tipping position in designing a die face for manufacturing automobile outer panels. Two design requirements are considered in optimizing the tipping position. One is to satisfy that all the points on the product should have a uniform distribution of drawing depths. The other is to guarantee that the user-specified area on the product should first contact with the binder wrap. The problem to satisfy the design requirements described above is analogous to the flatness calculation problem in the area of metrology if some constraints can be imposed. Thus the problem can be solved by the simulated annealing method, which is one of the optimization methods. The developed procedure was tested with the real die face design problem and the usefulness was verified by the diagram of the drawing depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.441-444
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• 2009

In this research, a hot and cold combined forging process for manufacturing net-shape one-way clutch bearing outer race of an automobile automatic transmission unit is developed. The process is composed of hot forging for manufacturing an optimized gear-like perform and precision cold forging for sizing the perform into final net-shape product. Finite element simulation techniques are applied to find the optimized process designs including blank and die shapes. The predictions and experiments are compared, revealing that they are in good agreement with each other. The dimensional test showed that the important dimensional requirements on gear tooth-like shape of the forged product were fulfilled.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.773-782
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the value changes in Korean women by analyzing the ads of womens magazines. The contents of ads were classified into two types of values: general and consumption values. The general values, composed of inner-directedness and outer-directrdness, might predict consumer behavior in general. The consumption values, utilitarians and hedonic, were expected to affect the consumer purchasing attitude to a specific product. Factors affecting the cultural values were per capita income and womens social status. Total 2969 illustrated ads with verbal theme from 32 Korean womens magazines were used. The content analysis, chi-square test, logistic regression were done for the analysis. The results showed that inner-directedness was dominant general value in Korean womens culture and increased over time. Younger consumers were more inner-directed than older ones were, and inner-directed values increased with income growth. For the consumption values, utilitarian values were higher than hedonic ones and went up over time. For the product types, utilitarian ads were frequent in cosmetics while hedonic ads were high for apparels. Those results implied that Korean womens culture became more inner-directed with increased income. Also consumption values were likely to differ between product groups. Per capita income was shown to increase inner-directedness while womens social status was to increase outer-directedness.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.208-214
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• 2023

This paper discusses the deformation characteristics of a scaled-down automotive outer door panel with vacuum-assisted incremental sheet forming. The vacuum condition between the die and Al6052-H32 sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm is reviewed with the goal of improving the geometrical accuracy of the target product. The material flow according to the forming tool path, including the multi-tool path and conventional contour tool path, is investigated considering the degradation of the pillow effect. To reduce friction between the tool and the sheet during incremental forming, automotive engine oil (5W-30) is used as a lubricant, and the strain field on the surface of the formed product is analyzed using ARGUS. By comparing the geometry and material flow characteristics of products under different test conditions, it is confirmed that the product surface quality can be significantly improved when the vacuum condition is employed in conjunction with a multi-tool path strategy.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.6
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• pp.497-502
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce an automatic product feature extracting system that improves the efficiency of product review analysis. Our system consists of 2 parts: a review collection and correction part and a product feature extraction part. The former part collects reviews from internet shopping malls and revises spoken style or ungrammatical sentences. In the latter part, product features that mean items that can be used as evaluation criteria like 'size' and 'style' for a skirt are automatically extracted by utilizing term statistics in reviews and web documents on the Internet. We choose nouns in reviews as candidates for product features, and calculate degree of association between candidate nouns and products by combining inner association degree and outer association degree. Inner association degree is calculated from noun frequency in reviews and outer association degree is calculated from co-occurrence frequency of a candidate noun and a product name in web documents. In evaluation results, our extraction method showed an average recall of 90%, which is better than the results of previous approaches.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.48-66
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the overall color utilization characteristics as design elements of advanced men's premium outer brands. From the analysis of a total of 889 color samples, PB showed the highest distribution in color, Bk, R, and P. The use of ltg and p of high and low chroma was high, centering on dkg of low value and low chroma, and g of medium chroma. The men's premium outer brand displays a luxurious color image centered on color planning due to color contrast between dark and grayish shades. The characteristics of colors and color distribution by brand were considered. The brands that utilized the most diverse colors and shades were Herno, which pursues sportswear of the Elegance image, and Stone Island, which pursues casual images of workwear style. These results show that systematic planning using colors and shades are utilized by all premium outer brand concept. The results of this study are meaningful because they can be used as basic data for effective product planning, men's outer design development, and color planning of outer clothing brands are they represent premium outer brands for men, and identifies color characteristics as differentiated design elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

The die for cold forging gets a ver high axial load and radial pressure during processing and hence deforms considerably in the radial direction. This radial deformation of die becomes a important factor influencing the dimensional accuracy of a product. In order to obtain a product with highly accurate dimension therefore it is essential to acquire some information on elastic deformation of the die and the product. The study has been performed for the relation of the deformation between a die and a product in backward extrusion. The strain of the die has been given by the simple experiment using the strain gauges attached to the outer surface of the die. Also the history of the deformation of the die and the product has been given by the experiment and Lames' formula. The results has been compared with the previous another method. The study has given useful results for the deformation history of the die and the product through the experiment and Lame's formula in backward extrusion which can be applied in the die design for the product with accurate dimension