• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 자기 홀 센서의 특성으로 인해 실내 환경에서만 이용이 되었던 자기/자기-자이로유도 타입의 무인운반차를 실외 환경에서도 적용이 가능하도록 실외 주행용 자기 위치측정 장치를 설계 및 제작하는 것이다. 현재 이용되고 있는 자기 위치측정 장치는 측정 높이가 30mm로 바닥 환경이 고르고 평평한 실내 환경에 적합한 구조이다. 하지만 바닥 환경이 울퉁불퉁하거나 불균형적인 실외환경에 이용되는 무인운반차에는 부적합하다. 그 이유는 무인운반차 서스펜션이 부착되게 되고, 이 때 자기 위치측정 장치의 부착높이가 30mm 이하로 무인운반차에 가해진 충격으로 인해 장치와 바닥과의 충돌이 발생하게 되면 장치가 파손되기 때문이다. 따라서 실외 자기유도 무인운반차에 적용하기 위해서는 100mm 이상의 측정 높이를 가지는 자기 위치측정 장치가 필요하다. 현재 자기위치측정 장치의 성능 향상 및 개발에 관련된 다양한 연구들이 진행되었지만, 다양한 자기 홀 센서를 분석하여 본 논문에서는 자기위치측정 장치를 설계 및 제작하였고, 자기 홀 센서의 특성 정보를 이용한 특성 함수를 이용해 자성체의 위치를 검출하였다. 실험을 위하여 알루미늄을 이용한 실험 장비를 제작하였으며, 제안된 자기 위치측정 장치를 이용하여 실험한 결과 위치측정 정밀도 오차는 10mm 이하이고, 측정 높이는 평균 150mm 로 실외 자기유도 무인운반차에 적합한 것을 확인하였다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 화재가 발생하였을 때 작동되는 옥외형 피난계단 구조물이 태풍에 따른 풍압이 작용하였을 때 내구성을 검증하기 위하여 단방향 유동-구조 연성해석을 진행하였다. 이를 위해, 피난계단 구조물 주위에 대한 유동장을 정상상태로 유동해석을 수행하였고, 이러한 해석결과를 구조해석을 위한 입력 데이터로 사용하여 구조응력, 변형량, 피로수명 등의 계산을 통해 내구성을 분석하였다. 유동해석 결과, 피난계단 구조물 형상에 따라 공기에 의한 유동 흐름이 다르게 나타났으며, 이러한 유동속도 분포는 구조물 표면에 전압력으로 작용하였다. 또한, 이러한 전압력에 의해 계산된 구조해석 결과, 최대응력값으로 계산된 안전율이 허용치 이상으로 나타났으며, 피로수명과 변형량 분석을 통해 내구성을 입증하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2018

Unlike other types of outdoor advertisements, rooftop signboards are installed on the roofs of buildings, rather than on their outer walls. This means that the area of a rooftop signboard is commonly larger than that of a general outdoor signboard. Moreover, as such signboards are greatly influenced by the wind, they can suffer a lot of damage from typhoons and strong winds every year. However, there is no wind load specification for rooftop signboards. In this study, wind pressure experiments were conducted to investigate the peak wind pressure on each side of rooftop signboards installed on the roofs of 5-15 story buildings in a city center. The minimum peak wind pressure coefficient was -3.0 at the bottom edges of the front and back of the rooftop signboards and -2.0 along the entire length of the sides. As the height of the rooftop signboard increased with the increasing height of the buildings, the peak value was found to be larger than the absolute peak value for the minimum peak wind pressure coefficient. The maximum and minimum peak wind pressure distributions of the rooftop outdoor signboards were influenced by the position of the signboard and the wind angle.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

Since the active enhancement of large-scale apartment development in 1970, apartment complexes in Korea have shown considerable changes throughout, with respect to its planning and design. Depending on the government legislations, and economical and social issues of its time, apartments have been designed to respond to varying demands of the society; from minimal unit design to overall masterplan. As existing researches regarding development of apartment planning are conducted in individual and distinct manner, not only is it difficult to find cases of an overall critical analysis of apartment complexes, it is also rare to look for research that deals with a greater urban context, nor the geographical location of the site. With specific focus on apartments in the metropolitan, the focus of this research lies in critically analyzing the qualities of outdoor spaces within an apartment complex, its generational change and interpreting the value it holds for the society. With regards to analyzing its outdoor features, the core of this study deals with applying space syntax, based on the configurational properties of spatial constituents. The results of this research have some implications that the accessibility change of apartment outdoor spaces was examined through quantitative analysis, and the changes of it by time were clarified in detail. And objective and quantitative approaches were employed for an alternative to the methods used in existing related researches.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.340-344
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 날씨 변화에 따른 실외 LED 전광판의 시인성 확보를 위한 딥러닝 구조 개발에 관한 연구를 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 영상장치를 이용한 딥러닝을 사용하여 날씨 변화에 따른 LED 휘도를 자동 조절함으로써 실외 LED 전광판의 시인성을 확보한다. 날씨 변화에 따른 LED 휘도를 자동 조절하기 위하여, 먼저 평면화된 배경 부분 이미지 데이터에 대한 전처리 과정을 거친 후, 합성곱 네트워크를 이용하여 학습시켜 날씨에 대한 분류를 진행할 수 있는 딥러닝 모델을 만들어낸다. 적용된 딥러닝 네트워크는 Residual learning 함수를 사용하여 입력값과 출력값의 차이를 줄임으로써 초기의 입력값의 특징을 가지고 가면서 학습하도록 유도한다. 다음에 날씨를 인식하여 날씨 변화에 따라 실외 LED 전광판의 휘도를 조절하는 제어기를 사용하여 주변 환경이 밝아지면 휘도가 높아지도록 변경하여 선명하게 보이도록 한다. 또한, 주변 환경이 어두워지면 빛의 산란에 의해 시인성이 떨어지기 때문에 전광판의 휘도가 내려가도록 하여 선명하게 보이도록 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 적용하여 LED 전광판의 날씨 변화에 따른 휘도 측정의 공인 측정 실험 결과는, 날씨 변화에 따라 실외 LED 전광판의 시인성이 확보됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2014

This study proposed a wind power generation system utilizing outdoor air on the rooftop and indoor ventilation, which would increase according to the building height, as a way to help to save energy consumption in a building by using wind power energy of the new renewable energy sources. The study measured the distribution of air currents and power generation according to the usage factor of exhaust pipes in the kitchen and bathroom and identified the elements to consider when applying a wind power generation system to buildings in order to use outdoor air on the rooftop increasing according to the height and the indoor ventilation produced in the facility vertical shafts inside the buildings by installing a wind power generation system on the rooftop. (1) The study measured the ventilation velocity of the kitchen hood and bathroom ventilation fan by changing the zone areas by the households according to the usage factor of [${\alpha}$]=33~100%. As a result, the kitchen ventilation pipe generated the ventilation wind of 3.0m/s or more at the usage factor of [${\alpha}$] 66% or higher, and the bathroom ventilation pipe generated ventilation velocity lower than 3.0m/s, the blade velocity of the wind power generator, even after the usage factor rose to [${\alpha}$]=100%. (2) As the old bathroom ventilation pipe generated the ventilation velocity of 3.0m/s, the blade velocity of the wind power generator, even with the rising usage factor [${\alpha}$], the application of an outdoor air induction module increased the ventilation velocity by 2.9m/s at the usage factor of [${\alpha}$]=33%, 3.8m/s at the usage factor of [${\alpha}$]=66%, and 3.6m/s at the usage factor of [${\alpha}$]=100%. Thus the ventilation velocity of 3.0m/s, the blade velocity of the wind power generator, or higher was secured. (3) The findings prove that the applicability of a wind power generation system using outdoor air on the rooftop and indoor ventilation is excellent, which raises a need for various efforts to increase the possibility of its commercialization such as securing its structural stability according to momentary gusts on the rooftop and typhoons in summer and making the structure light to react to the wind directions of outdoor air on the rooftop according to the seasons.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2013

This study aims to improve the thermal comfort level of detached housing area by reducing the impact of thermal environment. The study focused on reducing surface temperature that is generated in buildings and adjacent spaces as a result of sensible heat load and presented a proposal on implementing planting method considering its outdoor condition and structure and composed materials. To perform the study, we utilized 3D-CAD to examine the outdoor condition and structure and composed materials that impact on surface temperature and conducted space design after reflecting climatic elements in simulations. The result is as follows. In reviewing temperature distribution of Heat Island Potential (HIP) of buildings and adjacent spaces, in case where green coverage ratio is increased, there was a $6^{\circ}C$ temperature difference and in regard to changes in the thermal environment in detached housing area, in case where rooftop planting, surface improvement, planting, and overall green coverage ratio is increased, there was a $10^{\circ}C$ temperature difference. In addition, there was difference in temperature in detached housing area following the changes in wind.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 용평리조트 타워콘도, 21-22 May 1998
• /
• pp.510-515
• /
• 1998

Most of large structures such as ship, airplane, and so on have internal structure home noise sources. The operation of the machineries results in vibration and noise of the structure. Particularly, the vibration of the machineries is transmitted to the far place from the sources and emits noise into the water or outdoor as well as the inner space of the structure. In the case of warships this emission into the water induces noise to reduce the performance of its underwater acoustic equipment. Therefore the structure home noise levels of the installed machineries are strictly limited. This paper shows examples of structure home noise reduction from machineries including pumps.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg extension exercises performed on outdoor resistance exercise machines on knee extension muscle strength and quadriceps muscle group cross sectional area (CSA) in elderly women. Two groups were recruited for this study, including an exercise group (EG: n=13, $71.38{\pm}2.79$ yrs) and a control group (CG: n=5, $73.4{\pm}5.94$), In all subjects, maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexion and extension were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex(R) Humac Norm Testing & Rehabilitation System, USA). Quadriceps muscle group CSA were measured using MRI (Philps, Intera 1.5 T, NE Netherlands). The results of this study showed that post-intervention isometric knee extension peak torque value were higher than pre-intervention measures in the EG. However, the EG did not show improvement in quadriceps muscle group CSA, Also, no differences in the shift of optimal knee joint angle were observed between pre and post-intervention exercise. Outdoor leg extension exercise showed small increases in muscle strength in comparison to other resistance training exercises. The results of this study suggest that because outdoor leg extension exercise machines lack a progressive loading mechanism, significant increases in muscle strength may not be obtained.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze outdoor thermal comfort of apartments planning characteristic of pedestrian height in Beijing, China. Selecting 322 apartment complexes with more than 1000 households and more than 10 buildings(including 10 buildings), mainly in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District to select 32 basic layout types and then 12 typical layout types were select in 32 basic layout types. Finally, the simulation was conducted for the 12 typical layout types using the micro-climate model ENVI-met to evaluate the wind environment, the thermal environment and the comfort. The results of this study as follows: In the parallel arrangement, it has the best outdoor thermal comfort of Slab-East-Parallel(S/E/P). Next is Slab-South-Parallel(S/S/P), Tower-South-Parallel(T/S/P) in turn. In the stagger arrangement, Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-1(M/S/NSS-1) has the best outdoor thermal comfort and Slab-South-North and South Stagger(S/S/NSS), Tower-South-North and South Stagger(T/S/NSS), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-3(M/S/NSS-3), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-4(M/S/NSS-4), Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-2(M/S/NSS-2) in turn. In the cluster arrangement, Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-2(M/M/C-2) has the best outdoor thermal comfort and Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-3(M/M/C-3), Mixture-Mixture-Cluster-1(M/M/C-1) in turn. Due to the low wind speed and high air temperature, it is necessary to consider the layout types that can form the wind road at first, such as Mixture-South-North and South Stagger-1(M/S/NSS-1), Slab-South-North and South Stagger(S/S/NSS) and so on.