• 제목/요약/키워드: Outdoor air

검색결과 973건 처리시간 0.027초

대구지역 공중이용시설의 실내 $\cdot$ 외 공기 중 기준성오염물질의 농도 (Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants in Indoor and Ambient Air of Public Facilities in Taegu Area)

  • 송희봉;민경섭;한개희;김종우;백성옥
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.429-439
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    • 1996
  • A comprehensive air quality monitoring was carried out in this study to investigate the concentrations of criteria air pollutants in indoor and outdoor air of public facilities in Taegu area. Four different kinds of public facilities were seleced as sampling sites, which are underground stores, stations & terminals, general hospitals, and department stores. Each group of the public facilities was consisted of three different sampling sites. As a consequence, a total of 12 different sampling sites were surveyed throughout this study. Sampling was conducted simultaneously indoors, three times per day (in the morning, afternoon, and evening) and four times per year (spring, summer, fall, and winter) at each sampling site during the period of October 1994 to July 1995. A range of criteria pollutants were measured in order to obtain a broad profile of indoor and ambient air quality, including total suspended particles (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$). In addition, temperature, relative humidity, and air current were measured on site together with those air pollutants. Results of this study indicated that the indoor levels of TSP, CO, $SO_2, and NO_2$ appeared to be generally higher in stations/terminals and underground stores than those in department stores and hospitals. However, HCHO and $CO_2$ were found to have higher levels in the department stores and hospitals than other places, indicating that the effects of indoor sources for these pollutants are significantly different from other combustion related pollutants such as TSP, CO, and $SO_2$. It was also found that there are marked seasonal and daily variations both in indoor and outdoor air quality. In general, combustion related pollutants such as CO, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ showed a typical pattern of higher levels in winter than insummer, and also higher in the morning and/or in the evening than in the afternoon. However, the seasonal and daily patterns of HCHO appeared to be opposite to the combustion related pollutants, i.e., higher both in summer and in the afternoon, implying the effect of temperature on the volatilization from indoor sources of HCHO. Results of correlation analyses between indoor and outdoor air quality also indicated that the effects of outdoor sources on the indoor levels of TSP, $SO_2$, CO, and $NO_2$ and much significant, whilst no significant correlations between indoor and outdoor levels were found for HCHO and $CO_2$.

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자동차 공조용 핀형 열교환기의 성능특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Performance Characteristics of Fin-type Heat Exchanger for the Automobile Air-Conditioners)

  • 홍경한;전상신;이승재;박찬수;권일욱;김재열;김병철;하옥남
    • 한국공작기계학회논문집
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.100-105
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    • 2004
  • Fin-tube type(Fin-type) heat exchanger has been tested in order to replace the heat exchanger of parallel flow type(P.F -type) which is now widly used in automobile air conditioning system The following conclusions are drawn by the comparison of the characteristics of the heat exchangers. Evaporator and condenser capacities and COP(Coefficience of performance) were varied as with the compressor speed, outdoor air temperature and air flow rate changed, which much influenced on the characteristics of the air conditioning system Evaporator and condenser capacities were increased with increasing compressor speed and outdoor air temperature. Evaporator and condenser pressures of Fin-type were decreased by 7% and 5% respectively compared with those of P.F-type. The COP of Fin-type was decreased with increasing outdoor air temperature and compressor speed. The COP of P.F-type was decreased by 14% compared with that of Fin-type.

울산지역의 대기오염 환경의 차이가 거주자의 실내환경 평가 및 인식에 미치는 영향 (The Influence of Air Pollution Level on Resident's Evaluation and Cognition for Indoor Environment in Ulsan)

  • 유복희
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of air pollution level in industrial and residential district of Ulsan on resident's evaluation and cognition for indoor environment. The evaluation of air pollution materials (as $SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO, PM10) were investigated to understand the distributional characteristics in survey area, and air quality monitoring data from 2007 to 2009 were used. The data was applied in a realtime measurement of industrial and residential area respected to difference of the pollution level in Ulsan. The questionnaire of this survey for resident's cognition was to find out characteristics on perception of indoor environment and outdoor air quality recognition based on the distinct characteristics of the areas. The results of this study shows that resident's satisfaction at clean level outdoor air and indoor environment were different whether it was residential area or industrial area and outdoor air pollution level has direct influence on resident's satisfaction in indoor environment.

Particulate Matters($PM_{10}$ and Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Indoor and Outdoor Air in New and Sick Houses

  • Moon, Kyong-Whan;Byeon, Sang-Hoon;Choi, Dal-Woong;Lee, Jang-Hee;Kim, Young-Whan
    • 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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    • pp.315-318
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    • 2005
  • $PM_{10}$ and 16 PAHs were measured in indoor and outdoor air of 5 different old houses, new and sick houses, respectively. $PM_{10}$ concentrations measured in indoor of three different kinds of houses ranged from 23 to 43 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and in outdoor ranged in 40-64 ${\mu}g/m^3$. Sum of average concentrations of PAHs in old, new and sick houses indoor air were 3.7 $ng/m^3$, 6.6 $ng/m^3$ and 16.1 $ng/m^3$, respectively, which were lower than those of outdoors. Most of the indoor/outdoor ratio for PAHs in each house were less than 1.0 and significant correlation(p<0.05) between indoor and outdoor samples was observed.

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외기 온습도 조건에 따른 폐열회수 환기장치의 열전달 특성 및 불확실성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics and Uncertainty of Heat Recovery Ventilator for Various Outdoor Temperature/Humidity Conditions)

  • 한화택;추연복
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.608-613
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of outdoor weather conditions on the performance of a heat recovery ventilator. Experiments have been performed by varying outdoor temperature/humidity conditions with the indoor conditions fixed at the standard conditions by KARSE. Results indicate humidity efficiency shows larger uncertainties than temperature efficiency in general. With the heat generation by an internal fan removed, the modified temperature efficiency remains almost constant regardless of the indoor-outdoor temperature difference. The enthalpy efficiency can have very large or negative values in case the outdoor conditions are in the vicinity of the indoor enthalpy line. The direction of heat flow, in such a case, can be opposite to that of moisture flow between two air streams. Discussions are included about various interesting features of the psychrometric processes taking place in a heat recovery ventilator.

공기조화기 축류팬의 공력소음 특성 연구 (The Study on the Aeroacoustic Characteristics of an Axial Fan for an Air-Conditioner)

  • 이수영;한재오;김태헌;이재권;전완호
    • 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.205-208
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    • 2006
  • This paper proposes a new computational aeroacoustics method for an axial fan analysis. The major aeroacoustic noise source of an outdoor air-conditioner is the axial fan. It was revealed that the dominant noise source is the aerodynamic interactions between the rotating blade and stationary orifice. Many researches were focused on the fan only case. However, it does not fit to a real outdoor unit of air-conditioner. Especially, the inlet part of the axial fan of real system case is complex and not uniform. So, in order to identify the dominant noise source of axial fan, full outdoor unit analysis is important. Transient CFD analysis of full system was performed by commercial CFD code - SC/Tetra. Dominant noise source of the system was calculated by commercial CFN code - FlowNoise. The results show that not only BPF peaks but also broadband noise are similar to the measured data.

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실외기 shroud 형상 최적 설계 (Optimization of design parameters on the shroud of air conditioner outdoor unit)

  • 유기정;예휘열;이상봉;이관수;차우호
    • 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.453-458
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    • 2009
  • This paper presents a numerical evaluation of the flow rate of air conditioner outdoor unit as function of shroud design parameters. To determine the optimal design parameters, we investigated the flow rate by changing bell mouth height, fan height, fan guide height, fan width. The evaluation of the relative priority of the design parameters was performed to choose three important parameters in order to use a response surface method. The flow rate of the optimum model, compared to that of the base model, was increased by about 6.25%.

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바닥복사 난방시스템의 공급온수온도가 실내 열환경에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Hot Water Supply Temperature on Indoor Thermal Characteristics for Floor Radiant Heating System)

  • 안병천
    • 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2018
  • The Effects of hot water supply temperature on indoor thermal characteristics for floor radiant heating system in residential apartment were researched by computer simulation. The parametric study on hot water supply temperatures with different outdoor air temperatures was done with regard to energy performance and control characteristics, respectively. As a result, the maximum overshoot of indoor air temperature and energy consumption were reduced by adjusting the hot water supply temperatures with outdoor air temperatures.

저온 조건에서 핀-관 열교환기의 공기측 열전달 및 압력손실 (Air-side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of a Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Under Low Temperature Condition)

  • 김내현
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2017
  • 최근 들어 가정용 공조기가 겨울철에 히트 펌프로도 사용된다. 이 때 실외기는 저온의 외기와 열전달을 하며 관내의 냉매를 증발시킨다. 반면 여름철에 냉방기로 사용될 경우 실외기는 고온의 외기와 열전달을 통해 관 내의 냉매를 응축시킨다. 즉, 동일한 열교환기가 여름철에는 응축기로, 겨울철에는 증발기로 사용되고 외기 조건도 겨울철의 저온에서 여름철의 고온까지 넓은 범위에 놓이게 된다. 본 연구에서는 표준 설계 온도 조건에서 얻어진 j와 f 인자가 저온 운전 시에도 무리없이 적용 가능한지를 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 2열 루버 핀-관 열교환기에 대하여 외기 온도를 변화시키며 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 관 내측의 브라인의 유량이 미치는 영향도 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 외기의 온도 변화가 j와 f 인자에 미치는 영향은 무시할 만 하였다. 모든 j와 f 인자는 각각 9%, 3% 내에서 일치하였다. 따라서 표준 조건에서 얻어진 j와 f 인자를 저온 조건에 사용하여도 무리가 없다고 판단된다. 또한 관 내측 유량 변화가 j와 f 인자에 미치는 영향이 미미한 것으로 미루어 관 내측 상관식의 적용이 적절하다고 판단된다.

재생증발식 냉방기를 이용한 환기 냉방시스템의 성능해석 (Performance Simulation of a Ventilation System Adopting a Regenerative Evaporative Cooler)

  • 장영수;이대영
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.8-15
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    • 2011
  • Cooling load reduction was analysed of a ventilation system adopting a regenerative evaporative cooler. The regenerative evaporative cooler is a kind of indirect evaporative cooler which cools the air down to its inlet dewpoint temperature in principle without change in the humidity ratio. The regenerative evaporative cooler was found able to cool the ventilation air to $18{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ when the outdoor condition ranges $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and 0.01~0.02 kg/kg. When the outdoor humidity ratio is lower than 0.018 kg/kg, the regenerative evaporative cooler was found to provide cooling performance enough to compensate the ventilation load completely and to supply additional cooling as well. Energy simulation during the summer was carried out for a typical office building with the ventilation system using the regenerative evaporative cooler. The results showed that the seasonal cooling load can be reduced by about 40% by applying the regenerative evaporative cooler as a ventilation conditioner. The reduction was found to increase as the outdoor temperature increases and the outdoor humidity ratio decreases.