• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-95
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• 1972

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of service by maternity aids concerning maternal and child health in improving simultaneously infant mortality, contraception and vital registration among expectant mothers in rural Korea, where there is less apportunity for maternal and child health care. It is unrealistic to expect to solve this problem in rural Korea through professional persons considering the situation of medical facilities and the socioeconomic condition of residents. So, we intended to adopt a system of services by maternity aids who were educated formally among indigenous women. After the women were trained in maternal and child health, contraception, and registration for a short period, they were assigned as a maternity aids to each village to help with various activities concerning maternal and child health, for example, registration of pregnant women, home visiting to check for complications, supplying of delivery kits, attendance at delivery, persuasion of contraception, and invitation for registration and so on. Mean-while, four researchers called on the maternity aids to collect materials concerning vital events, maternal child health, contraception and registration, and to give further instruction and supervision as the program proceeded. A. Changes of women's attitude by services of maternity aid. Now, we examined to what extent' such a service system to expectant mothers affected a change in attitude of women residing in the study area as compared to women of the control area. 1) In the birth and death places, there were no changes between last and present infants, in study or control area. 2) In regard to attendants at delivery, there were no changes except for a small percentage of attendance (8%) by maternity aid in study area. But, I expect that more maternity sids could be used as attendants at delivery if they would be trained further and if there was more explanation to the residents about such a service. 3) Considering the rate of utilization of sterilized delivery kit, I am sure that more than 90 percent would be used if the delivery kit were supplied in the proper time. There were significant differences in rates between the study and the control areas. 4) Taking into consideration the utilization rate of the clinic for prenatal care and well baby care, if suck facilities were installed, it would probably be well utilized. 5) In the contraception, the rate of approval was as high as 89 percent in study area as compared to 82 percent in the control area. 6) Considering the rate of pre-and post-partum acceptance on contraception were as much as 70 percent or more, if motivation to use contraception was given to them adequately, the government could reach the goals for family planning as planned. 7) In the vital registration, the rate of birth registration in the study area was some what improved compared to that of the control area, while the rate of death registration was not changed at all. Taking into account the fact that the rate of confirmation of vital events by maternity aids was remarkably high, if the registration system changed to a 'notification' system instead of formal registration ststem, it would be improved significantly compared to present system. B. Effect of the project Thus, with changes in the residents' attitude, was there a reduction in the infant death rate? 1) It is very difficult problem to compare the mortality of infants between last and present infants, because many women don't want to answer accurately about their dead children especially the infants that died within a few days after birth. In this study the data of present death comes from the maternity aides who followed up every pregnancy they had recorded to see what had happened. They seem to have very reliable information on what happened in first few weeks with follow up visitits to check out later changes. From these calculaton, when we compared the rate of infant death between last and present infant, there was remarkable reduction of death rate for present infant compare to that of last children, namely, the former was 30, while the latter 42. The figure is the lowest rate that I have ever heard. As the quality of data we could assess by comparing the causes of death. In the current death rate by communicable disease was much lower compare to the last child especially, tetanus cases and pneumonia. 2) Next, how many respondents used contraception after birth because of frequent contact with the maternity aid. In the registered cases, the respondents showed a tendency to practice contraception at an earlier age and with a small number of children. In a comparison of the rate of contraception between the study and the control area, the rate in the former was significantly higher than that of the latter. What is more, the proportion favoring smaller numbers of children and younger women rose in the study area as compared to the control area. 3) Regarding vital registration, though the rate of registration was gradually improved by efforts of maternity aid, it would be better to change the registration system. 4) In the crude birth rate, the rate in the study area was 22.2 while in the control area was 26.5. Natural increase rate showed 15.4 in the study area, while control area was 19.1. 5) In assessment of the efficiency of the maternity aids judging by the cost-effect viewpoint, the workers in the Medium area seemed to be more efficiency than those of other areas.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.149-167
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• 1999

To investigate the actual conditions of smoking in middle and high school students in Chinan County, I used a sturctured questionnaire for 1,579 students attending twelve middle-high schools from December 1, 1998 to December 20, 1998. I collected and data correlated the using an $SPSS-PC^+$ 1. The smoking rate of middle-high schoo1 students in Chinan County was 17.9%, relatively high. This smoking rate was different according to the gender, grade, religion, and economic situation. In mals, high school students, non-religious, students low income family students, the smoking rate was higher. The smoking rate of high school students was almost the same as the smoking rate of adults, generally higher than that of foreign teenagers. Because the smoking rat of studinets in the third grade of middle school and in the first grade of high School was six times higher, increased education should be conducted during this time in an attempt to curb the sudden increase of the smoking rate. The smoking rate of girl students was 5.0%; this has increased mor than three times from ten years ago. Consequently, counter measures should be taken against the smoking of female students as well as juvenile smoking in general. In addition, the smoking rate of middle-high school students showed interesting differences when correnated with enviornmental factors. Students with low grades, who are not satisfied with school life, who don't have both parents, who have uncaring parents who nare too strict or too arbitary, who have smoking parents, or who have experienced smoking commonly smoked. Therefore, to lower the smoking rate we should improve the school environment, improve a student's interest in school life. And parents or siblings should lead by example and quit smoking at home. Schools should educate students more effectively concerning the harmful effects of smoking and create an accurate understanding of its dancers. From the beginning, we should teach students never ever to touch cigaretts. 2. The surve discovered that most students started out of curiosity, or solicitantion from friends or elders at middle school, and had been smoking one to five cigarettes for more than a year. They obtained cigarettes at stores and most of them have friends who smoke. As a result anti-smoking education should be conducted at elementary schools prior to middle school. More than 95% of the teenagers who smoke had friends who smote and smoked out of curiosity or the recommendation of elders. Thus, we must focus on teenagers who smoke in group, rather than individually. Fuyrthermore, the strict application of the regulation of tobacco sales as well as tobacco cooperation from retailers are needed. While students did not show any mood or academic achievement difference after beginning smoking, 58.1% of the students a health situdation that was worse. Juvenile smoking is more harmful to the juvenile than adult smoking is to the adult. This should be focused on in an anti-smoking campaign. 3. Students who smoke hada more positive attitude toward smoking than students who don't smoke. Students who smoke had a tendency to have a nuetral position and are not concerned about smoking compared to non-smoking students. The survey showed that the great number of students had a nuetral position. Because this nuetrality may increase Juvenile smoking, education that provides an exact understanding of smoking should be performed to build the correct attidude toward smoking. 4. Middle school students smoke when angry, gloomy, anxious, a lone and when they have some problems to solve, on when they feel inconveniened in other wores, they smoke to reliver stress. They also smok due to addiction. Because smoking is not a praetical method to relieve stress, a program which helps to acquire positive relief stress should be provided to help reduce smoking. 5. About 65% of students who smoke want to quit smoking because of health problem, 78% of them have tried mor than once to quit but failed due to weak will power and peer pressure from friends who smoke. Juvenile smoking is group, oriented. Thus, the program that advances less smoking will be the one that focuseds on groups. 6. As for advice to students who want to quit smoking, "persuasion" was used most commonly, followed by a "presentation on how to quit smoking". Another method were severe punishment. About 70% of the students wanted the anti-smoking guide at school. 7. Most students (73.5%) had a position that more anti-smoking education at school is needed. Obriously, then, anti-smoking education at middle-high schools should be reinfoced. Although the education which explains the harmful influence of tobacco is known as an efficient way prevent smoking; it does not influence students who already smoke. Therefore, for students who smoke, multi-dimensional approaches must be attempted that include physical training, phychokogical approache, consultation and discussion, medical chek-ups, audio-visual education technigues, and professonal instructors, in addition, because smoking students have more negative on lukewarm attitude to anti-smoking education anti-smoking education should be conducted through a communicative style by dedicated teachers who care about students. In order to increase the effectiveness of this program.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.215-235
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• 2018

출산율 제고에 대한 정책적 고민은 OECD국가들의 공통된 관심사일 뿐 아니라 세계 최하위인 출산율을 기록하고 있는 한국의 최대 관심사이기도 하다. 많은 국가 예산을 투입해왔고 출산율 관련 여러 연구들이 진행되어 왔음에도 불구하고 한국의 출산율은 계속 감소 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 출산율 연구에서 다루어져 왔던 출산율에 영향을 주는 세부적 요인들의 영향력 및 효과성 검증과 유럽 선진국가들의 사례를 통한 정책적 접근의 문제점을 인지하고 출산율과 삶의 질에 관한 거시적이고 구조적 접근을 통해 전체적 흐름을 다시 파악하고자 함에 그 목적이 있다. 즉 선진국의 높은 삶의 질은 출산율을 높이는지, 삶의 질과 출산율이 모두 높은 국가 모델은 어느 나라이며 그 나라의 출산에 대한 사회 및 정책적 흐름은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. OECD국가들의 삶의 질 요인(BLI)와 CIA출산율 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 삶의 질 수준이 높은 국가 중에도 출산율이 낮은 국가가 많다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 삶의 질 수준과 출산율이 모두 높은 국가가 한국이 지향해야 할 국가 모델임을 인지하고 본 연구에서 새로 도출된 아이슬란드, 아일랜드, 뉴질랜드의 사례와 삶의 질 수준은 높지만 출산율이 낮은 독일의 사회적 특성을 비교해 본 결과 앞의 세 나라는 양성평등에 대한 인식 수준이 높게 나타났고 그 결과로 성별에 따른 임금 차이는 낮게 나타났음을 확인하였다. 반면에 독일의 경우는 성별에 따른 임금 불평등이 비교적 더 크게, 출산율은 더 낮게 나타남으로써 양성평등을 위한 인식전환이 출산율에 주요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인했다. 부모- 자식 간의 '상승관계(synergy)' 에 기초하여 가정 및 노동시장에서 양성평등 의식을 고양하는 것이 정책의 최우선 순위가 되고, 여타의 삶의 질을 높이는 요소를 적극 활용하여야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 즉 출산율 정책의 우선순위와 인프라적 지원을 동시에 추진하기 위해 국가의 출산율 목표를 '임신 가용한 여성의 출산율 제고'에서 '국민이 행복한 사회를 만드는 것' 으로 재설정하여 행복한 사회가 되어가는 과정에서 스스로 출산을 결정할 수 있는 시스템을 만들어야 할 것이다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2001

This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 1O.0/PC+, - $x^2$ test, - t-test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performance is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

본 연구는 도시화 과정에서 간과되었던 우리의 일상문화로서의 도시정원가꾸기(Urban Gardening)를 재발견하는 과정으로, 자생적 도심주거지 해방촌에서 나타나는 도시정원가꾸기의 이해와 장소적 특성 고찰을 통해 현대적 의미의 도시정원이 단독주택지 주민들의 삶과 연계하여 물리적 환경 개선과 지역 주민들간 관계 형성을 견고하게 하는 매개로서 기능하고 있음을 파악하였다. 연구대상지인 해방촌(解放村)은 자생적으로 형성된 단독주택지지역으로, 1940년대 후반 도시빈민의 임시 정착지로 형성되었으나 '60년대 주거지 양성화와 '70년대~'90년대 자력 재개발사업에 의한 현지 개량을 거치면서 서울 도심의 대표적인 서민 주거지로 자리 잡았다. 특히 이 지역은 용산 미군부대와 남산으로 둘러싸여 섬처럼 존재하는 지리적 여건을 지니며 주거지 개발의 붐에서 비켜 있었으므로 다른 도심주거지에 비해 물리적 환경변화가 적고 주민들 역시 오랜 시간동안 지역에서 거주해온 특징을 발견할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락을 바탕으로 해방촌을 크게 3개의 권역으로 나누고, 도시 조직과 주거형태 변화에 따라 다른 양상으로 전개된 도시정원가꾸기의 특징과 일상문화를 면밀히 관찰하였다. 서울민의 대중적 삶이 적층되어 있는 해방촌의 도시정원가꾸기는 근 현대 주거사의 변천과 생활상 변화에 따라 다양한 공간과 속성으로 변용, 진화해 온 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이들 장소는 고밀화 된 주거지에서 발현된 자연-정원에 대한 주민들에 욕망의 표현이며, 가꾸기를 통해 드러나는 참여의 장, 실천적 행위의 장소이다. 지역 주민들의 삶의 양식이 누적된 독특한 일상생활문화로서 지역 고유의 경관을 형성하고 있다. 주거와 마당-정원의 원형적 관계가 남아있는 단독주택지에서 도시정원은 반사적 공간의 공공적 공유가 발생하는 특성이 나타나며, 중층적 공간 구조 사이에서 창조적인 공간 사용을 발견한다. 협소한 대지의 효율적 공간 활용으로 나타나는 도시정원은 지역 주민들의 교류를 촉발하는 역할로서 마이크로 규모의 녹지 공간일 뿐만 아니라 복잡한 구조로 만들어진 정원의 도시 이미지를 형성한다. 도시정원에 대한 관심은 도시에서의 먹거리 생산이라는 역할을 넘어 건강과 취미, 교육, 공동체 회복 등 도시민들의 삶의 질 향상이라는 측면과 닿아 있다. 일상문화로서의 도시정원가꾸기는 사소한 다수가 발휘하는 고유한 역량과 독특한 특성에 대한 재발견으로 일상생활문화로서의 공간 활용과 장소에 내재된 가능성, 가치의 중요성을 다시금 상기한다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.45-62
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• 1998

The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1999

목 적 : 최근에 생활 환경과 식생활의 수준 등이 향상되고 농경작의 현대화가 이루어지면 서 토양 매개성 기생충 질환(회충, 편충, 구충 등)은 크게 감소되었으나 사람이 유일한 숙주 인 요충의 감염은 쉽게 전파될 뿐만 아니라 재감염이 잘 되고 특히 소아에서 많이 감염된다 고 알려져 있다. 국내에서의 요충 감염율은 검사 시기, 대상, 지역에 따라서 차이는 있으나 1960~1980년대나 최근에 있어서나 높은 감염율을 나타내고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 마산, 창원과 인근 농촌지역에서 요충 감염율을 조사하고 치료에 대한 효과를 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 방 법 : 97년 11월 4째주와 12월 1번째 주에 마산시에 소재한 초등학교 1곳, 어린이집 2곳, 창원시에 소재 개인 소아과 의원1곳, 창녕군 남지읍에 소재한 초등학교 1곳을 선정하여 보호자들에게 설문지와 안내문, 검체 채취용 슬라이드를 나누어 주어 이른 아침, 첫 대변을 보기 전에 항문주위도말법(adhesive cellotape anal swab)으로 검체를 채취하도록 하였다. 수집한 검체는 경북대학교 의과대학 기생충학교실로 보내져 광학 현미경으로 충란의 유무를 확인하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전체 대상 아동 644명 중 17.7%인 114명에서 요충란이 발견되었으며 남녀의 비는 1:1.1로 나타났다. 2) 연령별 분포에서는 학동기전 아동이 145명중 29.0%인 42명, 학동기 아동은 499명중 14.4%인 72명에서 요충란이 발견되었으며 학동기전 아동들의 충란 검출율이 학동기 아동들 보다 통계적으로 의미 있게 높았다(p<0.05). 3) 도시와 농촌의 초등학교에서 감염율은 각각 15.2%, 13.7%로 나타나 차이가 없는 것으 로 나타났으며(p>0.05) 3학년 이하의 저학년일수록 감염율은 높았다(p<0.05). 4) 충란 검출율이 높았던 마산시 소재 한 어린이집에 수용되어 있는 아동과 가족, 종사자들에게 flubendazole 100mg을 3주 간격으로 2회 먹인 후 검사한 결과 치료전 41.0%의 검출 율을 보이다가 치료 후 6.0%로 떨어졌다. 결 론 : 요충의 감염 경로 및 전염력을 감안하면 어린이 집단에서 요충의 감염율은 상당히 높을 것이라고 사료되며 따라서 조속한 시일내에 요충 감염의 조사와 집단 치료가 필요할 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2011

저소득층 노인들의 영양과 복지욕구를 만족시키기 위한 서비스의 제공을 위한 기초자료의 수집을 위해 부산시 영도구에 소재하는 복지관에서 무료급식서비스를 받고 있는 노인 271명을 대상으로 설문조사 및 신체계측을 실시하였다. 2009년 9월 1일부터 10월 15일까지 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자는 남자 84명(31.0%), 여자 187명 (69.0%)으로 전체의 50.9%가 독거하고 있었으며, 배우자와 동거하는 경우가 23.6%이었다. 생활비도 전체응답자의 70.5 %가 '정부보조금'에 의지하고 있었고, '가족이나 본인의 수입'은 22.6%, '연금이나 퇴직금'은 5.9%로 나타났다. 조사대상자들이 현재 앓고 있는 질병은 신경통 관절염-고혈압-당뇨병-골다공증-심장질환-위장질환 순이었다. 식사준비는 여자노인의 91.4%(171명), 남자노인의 50.0%가 본인이 한다고 응답하였다. 응답자가 급식서비스의 시행을 알게 된 경위는 전체의 36.5%(99명)가 '집 가까이 있어서' 자연스럽게 알게 되었고, 20.7%(56명)가 '담당공무원의 소개', 19.2%(52명)가 '복지사의 소개'로, 17.7%(48명)가 '친구의 소개'로 알게 되었다고 응답하였다. 앓고 있는 질환별 급식서비스가 필요하다고 생각하는 노인은 전체의 66.8%(181명)이었으나, 추가비용을 부담할 의향이 있다고 응답한 노인은 12.9%에 불과하였다. 급식서비스를 이용하는 이유로는 '경제적인 이유'를 40.0%(138명)로 가장 많이 꼽았고, 22.6%(78명)가 '친구를 만날 수 있어서', 16.5%(57명)가 '혼자 차려먹기 귀찮아서'로 응답하였다. 급식서비스 이외에 복지관에서 받고 있는 서비스는 의료서비스, 이 미용서비스, 건강검진 등이 높은 비율을 보였으며, 앞으로 받기를 원하는 서비스는 건강검진-반찬배달-의료서비스-주거에 대한 도움 등의 순으로 나타났다. 급식환경에 대한 만족도는 남자 4.43, 여자 4.28로 높은편이었으나, 위생만족도, 서비스만족도, 음식에 대한 만족도는 3.43~3.79 사이로 보통정도의 수준이었다. 조사대상자의 급식만족도는 급식유익인지도(p<0.01), 일상생활 수행능력(p<0.05) 및 직원친절만족도(p<0.01)와 양의 상관을 보였으며, 급식만족도에는 급식유익인지도($\beta$=0.684, p<0.001), 직원친절만족도($\beta$=0.322, p<0.01), 사회적지지만족도($\beta$=0.086, p<0.05)의 순으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 결과는 급식대상 노인들이 급식의 유익성을 인지하게 하고 직원들의 친절교육을 강화하면서 다른 부가 서비스를 동시에 제공함으로써 사회적지지감을 높이 가질 수 있도록, 사회복지서비스와 사회참여활동을 통합한 급식서비스 모델의 개발이 필요함을 시사하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2019

본 연구는 조경산업의 관점에서 4차 산업혁명 기술을 탐색하여, 선순환적 가치증대에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 4차 산업혁명, 조경산업과 도시재생의 특성 등을 고찰하고, 체계적 연구에 적합한 기술 분류 체계를 틀로 선정하는 등 방법론을 설정하여 연구하였다. 먼저, 조경산업의 선순환적 가치증대에 활용이 가능한 디지털 데이터 기반의 4차 산업혁명 기술을 선별하였다. '요소기술 수준'에서 '핵심기술'인 사물인터넷, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 빅데이터, 인공지능, 로봇, '주변기술'인 가상 증강현실, 드론, 3D 4D 프린팅, 3D 스캐닝이 디지털 데이터 기반의 4차 산업혁명 기술로 조명되었다. 조경산업에 특화하여 '트렌드 수준'으로 응용하면 선순환적 가치증대에 활용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. '시스템 수준'은 하나의 범용기술로 분석하였으며, 플랫폼을 중심으로 요소기술 수준, 컴퓨터와 스마트기기 등이 유기적으로 상호연계되어 시스템화된 디지털 데이터 기반의 4차 산업혁명 기술로 조명되었다. 조경산업에 특화하여 '트렌드 수준'으로 응용하면 선순환적 가치증대에 효과적인 기술로 나타났다. 요소기술 수준을 응용한 트렌드 수준에서 제시된 모든 활용 방안의 구현과 시너지효과 창출이 가능하다. 스마트정원, 스마트공원 등이 추구해야 하는 수준으로 분석되었다. 트렌드 수준의 인접산업 기술 중에는 스마트시티, 스마트홈, 스마트팜 및 정밀농업, 스마트관광, 스마트헬스케어가 협업에 의한 연계성이 클 것으로 판단되었다. 다음으로, 도시재생 공공공간을 포함한 조경공간의 조성 유지관리 및 서비스에서 도구이자 소재로서, 트렌드 수준으로 응용된 관련 기술의 다양한 활용 방안이 조명되었다. 즉, 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 실현으로 조경공간에서 디지털 기술의 기본적 특성이 반영된 초연결화, 초실감화, 초지능화, 초융합화되는 방안들이 제시되었다. 조경산업이 도시재생 사업에 참여함에 있어서도, 기존 업무를 비롯하여 새로운 성격의 요구 수용 및 조율, 교육, 컨설팅 등에서 가치를 증대하는데 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 조경영역 전반이 전략적 교두보로 유지관리를 연계하여, 트렌드 수준의 관련 기술을 시스템화할 때 선순환적 가치증대에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 산업구조 상, 다양한 경로에서 생산된 데이터와 정보를 유통시키는데 효과적이기 때문이다. 향후 디지털 데이터 기반의 4차 산업혁명 기술을 실제 조경공간의 조성 유지관리 및 서비스에 융합하여 실증하는 등의 후속적 연구가 필요하다.