• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand distribution of ozone concentration in the south coastal region of Korea by evaluating ozone spatial distribution in the upper air using aircraft. Sampling was carried out from May to August in 2009. The average concentration of ozone in the upper air was ranged from 32.3~90.8 ppb with its maximum concentration of 132 ppb. When it comes to the spatial distribution of ozone, ambient concentration was high in the air, 1,000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near the Gwangyang Bay area and emission sources, respectively. Daily mean concentration of NOy was 6.7~24.2 ppb and that of CO was 0.152~0.487 ppm. In addition, the concentration was appeared to be relatively high in the upper air of industrial regions and the southern seas. Meanwhile, the concentration of both $NO_y$ and CO was high in the upper air of the emission sources regardless of latitude. As for PAN, its daily mean concentration ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 ppb with overall mean concentration of 0.2 ppb. The average concentration of VOCs was 48 ppb, and the concentration of toluene and m,p-Xylene were higher than other components.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

Objectives : This study aims to confirm the importance of behavior habit and exercise, especially leg exercise in obese. Methods : Out of 2247 people, we divided 1125 people in normal group(BMI<25) and 122 people in obese group($BMI{\geq}25$). We measured each arm, leg, abdomen muscle circumference and right and left water difference using BLA. We Investigated whether ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen has differences by statistics between each groups. And analyzed correlation with BMI. We also investigated right and left water distribution difference of two group's limbs and the correlation with BMI. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS program. Results : 1. In obese group, ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen is significantly lower than normal group(P<0.001). 2. Ratio of leg muscle circumference to arm and abdomen were negatively correlated with BMI(r-0.461, r=0.462, P<0.001). And partial correlation coefficient controlled for age and sex is -0.528, -0.632(P<0.001). 3. In the case of women, there was right and left water distribution difference as statistical in leg. In the case of Obese, the difference is serious. Conclusions : These results suggest that exercise and activity of lower limbs is more needed in the field of obesity treatment and prevention.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 2013

As concrete forms, panel forms made of plywood used to be widely used, but recently a system form made of aluminum has been broadly adopted because of the advantages it offers in terms of constructability and economy. However, an aluminum form reacts with concrete, which is alkali, and creates hydrogen gas. As a result, air pockets occur on the concrete's surface, and its finishability deteriorates. Therefore, this research analyzed the relationship between the distribution of voids and surface roughness and the damage degree and number of uses of the aluminum form. The analysis of the distribution of voids shows that the number of voids of 0.1~1 mm, which are considered to have occurred because of chemical reaction, was 200~500 on the coating plywood, but was 1 500~2 000 on the aluminum form after 3 uses, and impossible to count after a higher number of uses. Surface roughness was $1.7{\sim}3.2{\mu}m$ on the coating plywood form, but was about $2.6{\mu}m$ after the first use and about $6.8{\mu}m$ after 10 uses, a 2.6-fold increase. Distribution of voids did not show a particular tendency depending upon the degree of damage to the concrete form, but surface roughness showed an increasing tendency as the degree of damage grows. Therefore, when using aluminum forms, surface maintenance should be carried out completely, such as prevention of damages to the form surface coating materials and spreading of separating materials on forms.

• Language Facts and Perspectives
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• v.44
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• pp.399-417
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• 2018

This study aims to make a practical list of lexical items for the assessing of vocabulary richness. For this, in this study, we extract practical examples from written and spoken corpus to create a practical list. And we aimed to examine their distribution in various text types. Traditional assessing of vocabulary richness mainly deals with words. But this study was carried out to include lexical items in assessing vocabulary. Though we could not present all list of lexical items in the limit of the space, this list will be used to measure vocabulary diversity in future learner outcomes. In this paper, the emergence patterns of idiomatic expressions are compared against the register of written and spoken language, and the distribution of 7 registers of written text and the distribution of 4 registers of spoken text were examined. As a result of the analysis of written corpus, the most diverse types of idioms were used in the novel and quasi - verbal. And The fewest types were used in textbooks. Based on the number of token, literary genres such as novels, essays, and quasi - languages showed high use. In the case of collocation, more types were used in quasi - grammar and essay than in novel. But the number of tokens was often used in the order of novel, quasi-grammar, and essay. The use of idioms in spoken corpus was most widely used in private monologues. The number of tokens of idioms appeared higher in public and private conversations than monologues. The use of collocation was also the most diverse in private monologues, as in idioms, and the number of tokens was greater in monologues than conversations, unlike idioms. It is expected that more meaningful results will be obtained if this inverse study is extended to a more diverse text type.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2020

Daphne L. (Thymelaceae) comprises about 95 species distributing worldwide from N Africa, N India, SE Asia to E Asia and the coast of the Mediterranean of Europe. In Korea, five species of this genus have been described. In this study, we included four species (D. genkwa, D. pseudomezereum, D. kiusiana, D. jejudoensis) from Korea, excluding cultivated D. odora. The morphological characters through local surveys and the re-classification of the specimens collected in the Korea National Herbarium (KH) were carried out and distribution maps for each taxon were also prepared. The major characters include habit, trichomes in winter bud, leaf, and twig, phyllotaxis, inflorescence, size of calyx lobe and trichomes in the calyx tube, etc. The distribution map showed that D. genkwa is mainly distributed in the coastal area of Hwanghaenam-do, Pyeongannam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do, whereas D. pseudomezereum is distributed in the limestone zone of Gangwon-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Similarly, D. kiusiana is mostly found in Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do. In addition, D. jejudoensis is known to be distributed in forests of Murueng, Andeok, and Seonheul-ri in Jeju-do, but recently, new habitat is discovered in the island forest areas of Jeollanam-do. However, some of these individuals showed the characteristics of D. kiusiana, thus before come to any conclusion detailed taxonomic review of D. jejudoensis and D. kiusiana is required.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

Purpose - This study focuses on long-term orientation that can lead long-term partnership. A long-term orientation needs a trust and relation commitment between company. So in this study, the researcher conducts a dependent variable as a justice recognition and brand asset value to research model to find out casual relationship among quoted factors. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of this study was employees who work in a liquor distribution company to figure out factors that effect on long-term relationship in b2b transaction. The development of the research model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis of justice recognition, brand asset value, trust, relation commitment and long-term orientation. This study have constructs that defined operationally by previous studies, research model design that to figuring casual relationships among the quoted factors. From 2016 Sep. 1st to Oct. 30th, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting employees who work in liquor distribution company. 176 survey data were used for empirical analysis to prove the research hypotheses. Results - The main results of this study's empirical methodology were as follows. First, procedural justice and interactive justice has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Also brand image, brand awareness and perceived quality has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Second, trust and relation commitment has a positive significant effect on long-term orientation. Every hypothesis adopted as the researcher designed for empirical study. Conclusions - Based on empirical results, this study confirmed that trust and relation commitment has empirical relationship with long-term orientation. Based on the analysis, the researcher provided managerial implication by setting 2 way path for making long-term orientation with business company. First path is procedural justice to relation commitment. It contains that procedural justice recognised while business transaction execution, consideration intension and relation development will happen in b2b. Second path is perceived quality to trust. It contains that the perceived quality recognised while business transaction execution, trust will increase rapidly. So when a business company wants to make a partnership, they have to consider procedural justice and perceived quality to make a long-term relationship.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 2003

Distribution-free estimation methods are proposed for slope, $\beta$ in the simple linear regression model. In this paper, we suggest the point estimators using the sequential slope based on sign test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Also confidence intervals are presented for each estimation methods. Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to compare the efficiency of these methods with least square method and Theil´s method. Some properties for the proposed methods are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.668-671
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• 1995

In this study, the fatigue charateristics of weld specimen was studied experimentally by using the various specimen types. The specimen type were tensile shesr(TS) specimen, cross tension(CT) specimen, and T typr (TT) specimen. Tensile test and fatigue test were carried out and microstucture was investigated. Finite element method was used to investigate stress distribution near nugget edge. Finally fracture mechanics approach was tried to the various specimen types.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.164-168
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• 2005

In this paper a statcom is developed to improve the power quality in a dc traction system. The proposed statcom can be used as both inverter and active filter. As an active filter, it can compensate harmonic distortion and reactive power and as an inverter, it can recycle regenerative energy caused by decelerating trains. The simulation results are carried out by using PSCAD/EMTDC software.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.247-257
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• 2007

In this paper, we develop the noninformative priors for the common shape parameter in the gamma distributions. We develop the matching priors and reveal that the second order matching prior does not exist. It turns out that the one-at-a-time reference prior and the two group reference prior satisfy a first order probability matching criterion. Some simulation study is peformed.