• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.413-423
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• 2005

Consider the problem of estimating the underlying regression function from a set of noisy data which is contaminated by a long tailed error distribution. There exist several robust smoothing techniques and these are turned out to be very useful to reduce the influence of outlying observations. However, no matter what kind of robust smoother we use, we should choose the smoothing parameter and relatively less attention has been made for the robust bandwidth selection method. In this paper, we adopt the idea of robust location parameter estimation technique and propose the robust cross validation score functions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.35-38
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• 2011

In order to cope with change of Korean and global consumption trend, it is forecast that GAP cultivated ginseng & its processed products, Organic cultivated ginseng & its processed products, Sanyangsam & its processed products as well as existing white ginseng (products), red ginseng (products), Taekuksam (products), black ginseng (products) will enter into market and customer demands will create new consumption. Eventually, it is considered that the time has come for considering and carrying out together for raw material cultivation and production, research and development of processed products and export and distribution of domestic and overseas market.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 1992

This study was carried out to find out the distribution of soil components and their relationships in layer of soil profiles under upland condition. Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and that sort of thing in soil profiles were tested in a field covering $235m^2$ by core sampling down to 150cm depth. Total nitrogen contents in soil profiles progressively decreased in lower depths down to 150cm. Nitrate concentrations in deeper layers than 110cm, which revealed a similar distribution pattern with total nitrogen down to 110cm, increased with the depth lowering to 150cm, indicationg that nitrate has leached to deep layer. Natural abundance of $^{15}N$ in total nitrogen and nitrate in all the soil profiles showed higher values compared with the other general cultivated soils and trended to get higher in deeper layers. The horizontal variation of $^{15}N$ distribution in the field surveyed was not significant. Chloride concentrations and EC values in soil profiles increased with depth where nitrate was accmulated, and showed a highly positive correlation between them.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2003

The investigation of liquid fuel film on the cylinder liner is an essential to understand the engine-out hydrocarbon emissions formation in SI engines. In this research, two-dimensional visualization was carried out to investigate the liquid fuel film on the quartz liner in the optical engine. For this, the optical engine with hydraulic system was designed based on the commercial SI engine. The visualization was based on the laser-induced fluorescence with total reflection technique. Using a quartz liner and a special lens, only the liquid fuel film on the liner was visualized. With using this technique, the distribution of the fuel film on the cylinder liner was measured for different engine conditions and injection timing in the optical engine.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.373-389
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• 2000

This study is about job change hotel kitchen cook. addition, through case analysis, by choosing three hotels in Seoul, the relation job changes was found out, and through the interviews with cooking employees for more than three months, their opinions and reliabilities were collected and analyzed. The surveyed questionnaires were analyzed and studied through SPSS WIN Package, reliability analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis, correlation, and distribution analysis and T-test were conducted to figure out the population statistical difference. According to the study results. those employees who thought kitchen environment, internal and external working conditions. the welfare for the employees are the most important factors in case of changing jobs scored over average 4 in the statistical analysis. For this reason, in order to reduce the rate of job changes the hotels efforts for and interests in appropriate compensation, improvement of working environment. continuous educational training, fair human resource management, and maintenance of good relation with co-workers are necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 1995

This study was carried out to find out rice quality of Chucheongbyeo cultivated on Gyeonggj and other province. Rice type, color difference, amylograph of milled rice and texturograph of cooked rice were not significant between two cultivated region. And fat, protein, Mg and Ca in milled rice were not significant but p, K and Na were significantly different at l% the level between them as 2, 210~2, 420ppwt 1, 304~1, 538ppm and 212~236ppm in Gyeonggi province cultivated rice, and 2, 130~2, 180ppm, 1, 133~1, 180ppm and 197~217ppm in other province, respectively. Also amylose content, alkali distribution and gel consistency were not significant between them.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.630-635
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• 1993

In this paper, the Monte-Carlo method was applied to the controller robustness evaluation problems with respect to the uncertainty of critical plant parameters. The plant studied is a aerial vehicle. The-variable parameters are nondimensional stability derivatives, inertias. The nominal nondimensional stability derivatives ,were obtained from wind tunnel test. Also the nominal inertia parameters were calculated from the mass distribution along the vehicle axes. But the parameters obtained from the test or calculations are at best probable and always contain some uncertainties which one can not figure out. So some kinds of robustness evaluation method should be applied. The parametric robustness of the designed classical controller evaluated by the method turned out to be satisfactory.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 1996

A standard method for the evalution of the fracture toughness of the high polymer materials has not been fully developed in comparison with that for metallic materials, and has not yet established. In this paper, fracture toughness tests using polycarbonate specimens were carried out. The fracture thughness tests using polycabonate specimens were carried out. The fracture toughness of commercial polycarbonate were dependent on the specimen thickness. The specimen thickness is necessary above 8mm to obtain the valid $K_{IC}$. A cumulative counts were slightly dependent on specimen thickness.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2000

A simple method was suggested to calculate the stress intensity factor for a one-sided patched crack with finite thickness. To consider out-of-plane bending effect resulting from the load-path eccentricity, the spring constant as a function of the through-thickness coordinate z was calculated from the stress distribution in the un-cracked plate, ${\sigma}_{yy}(y=0,\;z)$, and the displacement for the representative single strip Joint, $u_y(y=0,\;z)$. The stress Intensity factors were obtained using Rose's asymptotic solution approach and compared with the finite element results. In short crack region, two results had a little difference. However, two results were almost same in long crack region. On the other hand, the stress intensity factor using plane stress assumption was more similar to finite element result than plane strain condition.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

Due to the nature of HMR food that is susceptible to contamination, its safety management is becoming more important. The relevant food types in food code corresponding to HMR foods are addressed, and the criteria for hygiene indicator bacteria and food poisoning bacteria, and storage and distribution standards according to the product type were presented. The government's safety management for HMR foods is basically carried out through the Food Sanitation Act. Those who intend to do HMR business must complete business registration or declaration, hygiene education, health examination of employees, and comply with legal obligations such as HACCP application. The government confirms compliance with legal requirements through hygiene inspection and monitoring inspection of products. However, the safety of HMR foods is not realized by the safety management system alone. A food safety culture should be established in which industry workers and consumers carry out actions to ensure food safety.