• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.5 s.77
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Even though the interior of urban transit vehicle has been changed as a preventing measure against fire to make it inflammable, there remains a possibility of fire breaking out in case of gasoline etc being brought in the subway. However, there is also the possibility that in case if fire toxic gas is generated and hot air spreads in carriage it will prove very dangerous for people sitting inside. This is a comparative study where we compare simulation results with model examining the time and direction the fire spreads when it breaks out. Also there is vertical distribution of temperature in carriage where the fire spreads out. This study is about demonstrating how to establish smokeless system in urban vehicle, about its necessity, and about vehicle system restructuring. This study also makes an effort to find more advanced method for efficient fire safety in trains. In existing vehicles, in case of fire, the smoke can't go out when doors are closed and hence it spreads in whole train. Even though the method of using ventilation or exhaust established inside the carriage to throw smoke out is much better than the way of opening end doors in each carriage, this study is trying to do research on second way. Through simulation we see that in second case, even though not as good as the first one, smoke can exit through gates. Even though the first method is better, the second can also be uses to let fire out. We can know that in the first case as the smoke can exit out faster, it provides more safety for people. So this system provides better fire safety condition.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

This study was carried out to measure and analyze the characteristics of noise and vibration, and to analyze their effects on the productivity of layers, mechanical troubles, and abnormal wear-out failure of facilities and equipment of the layer house. The measurements of noise and vibration were taken at 13 layer farms nationwide for the operations of feed supplier system, feed distribution system, automatic egg collection system, ventilation system, blot conveyer for layer feces, and fur the case of with and without their operation by a sound level meter and a vibration measuring system in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages. Measurement results showed that normal times were noise(N) 82 dB and vibration(V) 0.2072 cm/s, feed supplier system were 90 dB(N) and 2.8560 cm/s(V), feed distribution system were 90 dB(N) and 2.0222 cm/s(V), automatic egg collection system were 87 dB(N) and 0.1865 cm/s(V), ventilation system 88 dB(N) and 2.5364 cm/s(V), belt conveyer fur layer feces were 88 dB(N) and 0.2387 cm/s(V), and then maximum values of noise and vibration were 90 dB and 2.8560 cm/s, respectively, when feeding systems(feed supplying system and feed distribution system) were operated. Based on these results, an experiment is being conducted to find out the effect of noise and vibration on the productivity of layers in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2012

As the basis of the environmental ecological river management, this research developed a method of habitat classification using imagery information to understand a distribution characteristics of fish living in a natural river. First, topographic survey and investigation of discharge and water temperature were carried out to analyze hydraulic characteristics of fish habitat, and the unmanned aerial photography was applied to acquire river imagery at the observation time. Riffle, pool, and glide regions were selected as river habitat to analyze fish distribution characteristics. Analysis showed that the standard deviation of RGB on the riffle is higher than pool and glide because of fast stream flow. From the classification accuracy estimation on riffle region according to resolution and kernel size using the characteristics of standard deviation of RGB, the highest classification accuracy was 77.17% for resolution with 30cm and kernel size with 11. As the result of water temperature observation on pool and glide using infrared camera, they were $19.6{\sim}21.3^{\circ}C$ and $15.5{\sim}16.5^{\circ}C$ respectively with the differences of $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. Therefore it is possible to classify pool and glide region using the infrared photography information. The habitat classification to figure out fish distribution can be carried out more efficiently, if unmanned aerial photography system with RGB and infrared band is applied.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to theoretically examine the current status of TV home shopping business entities' expansion of business structure, and then look into TV home shopping business entities' preparation for the future business in their mature period. For this, the investigator examined literature home and abroad and then empirically carried out an experimental sale of household goods by selecting a model TV home shopping business entity. In order to understand current business structure of TV home shopping and increase sales, the investigator has changed price and then induced sales, focusing on the price of household goods. Study findings are as follows: As for the influence of TV home shopping household goods' price upon its sales, because TV home shopping business entities set in advance an efficiency unit-price per broadcast hour and carry out a sales strategy of reaching out the efficiency, they try to keep their sales with discounted price in the real sales setting of TV home shopping. But it is not an exclusive practice. General promotion became a common practice. The price of goods is the same with its life. Continuous discount events lower the reliability of goods and its supplier must bear the result. Overall sales after experiment increases by 13% and the sales efficiency also increases by 9%. Sales amount increases by 9% and a stable sales which is above average is achieved. The number of sales goods keeps 100%.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.421-430
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• 1993

The calculation of dose distribution in multiple arc stereotactic radiotherapy is a three-dimensional problem and, therefore, the three-dimensional dose calculation algorithm is important and the algorithm's accuracy and reliability should be confirmed experimentally. The aim of this study is to verify the dose distribution of stereotactic radiosurgery experimentally and to investigate the effect of the beam quality, the number of arcs of radiation, and the tertiary collimation on the resulting dose distribution. Film dosimetry with phantom measurements was done to get the three-dimensional orthogonal isodose distribution. All experiments were carried out with a 6 MV X-ray, except for the study of the effects of beam energy on dose distribution, which was done for X-ray energies of 6 and 15 MV. The irradiation technique was from 4 to 11 arcs at intervals of from 15 to 45 degrees between each arc with various field sizes with additional circular collimator. The dose distributions of square field with linear accelerator collimator compared with the dose distributions obtained using circular field with tertiary collimator. The parameters used for comparing the results were the shape of the isodose curve, dose fall-offs fom $90\%$ to $50\%$ and from $90\%\;to\;20\%$ isodose line for the steepest and shallowest profile, and $A=\frac{90\%\;isodose\;area}{50\%\;isodose\;area-90\%\;isodose\;area}$(modified from Chierego). This ratio may be considered as being proportional to the sparing of normal tissue around the target volume. The effect of beam energy in 6 and 15 MV X-ray indicated that the shapes of isodose curves were the same. The value of ratio A and the steepest and shallowest dose fall-offs for 6 MV X-ray was minimally better than that for 15 MV X-ray. These data illustrated that an increase in the dimensions of the field from 10 to 28 mm in diameter did not significantly change the isodose distribution. There was no significant difference in dose gradient and the shape of isodose curve regardless of the number of arcs for field sizes of 10, 21, and 32 mm in diameter. The shape of isodose curves was more circular in circular field and square in square field. And the dose gradient for the circular field was slightly better than that for the square field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence rate of Taenia species infection and distribution of taeniasis caused by Taenia solium among Koreans in Seoul and Cheju Do In Korea during the period from August to December 1984. A total of 4,256 stool specimens from the students of Mapo Ku and 360 stool specimens from the inhabitants of Guro-Ku in Seoul was collected and examined by cellophane thick smear technique. On the other hand 1,015 stool specimens from the students of Jocheon Myun and 265 specimens from the students of Jocheon Myun and 265 specimens from the inhabitants of Aeweol Myun and Gujwa Myun in Cheju Do were also examined. The results were summarized as follows ; Four (0.1%) out of 4.256 students were positive and 2 (0.6%) out of 360 inhabitants in Seoul were positive (Table 1, 2). Positive rates of taeniasis in Cheju Do were 1.7% (17) out of 1,015 students and 12.5% (33) out of 5 villagers (Table 3, 4). In order to observe the distribution of Taenia solium infection, the scolex or a part of Taenia spp. were collected from the stool of positive cases by anthelmintic treatment. For the species identification, expelled proglottides were examined microscopically by the number of branches of the uterus, presence of vaginal sphincter or the accessory ovarian lobe etc. Three cases were infected with Taenia solium among 6 egg positive cases in Seoul. But only 1 case was infected with Taenia solium out of 7 students taking anthelmintics voluntarily by recommendation of Korean Association for Parasite Eradication (KAFPE). On the other hand, among 32 cases of egg positive cases of this study and 26 cases of KAFPE in Cheju Do, 13 cases (22.4%) were infected with Taenia solium. But 13 cases who were not examined and complained expulsion of proglottides in their stool were infected with Taenia saginata (Table 5). Among 62 persons infected with Taenia saginata, only 4 cases did not know their infection of this worm. Rut in 17 cases with Taenia solium, 7 persons did not know their infection until stool examinations were performed (Table 6).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.472-479
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• 2015

This study was investigated occurrence and distribution patterns of UV filters in Nakdong River basin (mainstream, tributaries and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents). 5 (EHS, BP-3, 4-MBC, BZC and EHMC) out of 7 UV filters were detected in 5 out of 20 sampling sites (mainstream and tributaries), 7 UV filters were not detected in mainstream samples, and the EHS, BP-3, 4-MBC, BZC and EHMC concentration levels in tributary samples were ND~60.8 ng/L, ND~72.1 ng/L, ND~57.2 ng/L, ND~60.1 ng/L and ND~85.2 ng/L, respectively. 5 (EHS, BP-3, 4-MBC, BZC and EHMC) out of 7 UV filters were detected in effluents of 11 STPs around the Nakdong River basin. The EHS, BP-3, 4-MBC, BZC and EHMC concentration levels in 11 STP effluents were ND~89.3 ng/L, ND~90.8 ng/L, ND~88.1 ng/L, ND~118.5 ng/L and ND~104.4 ng/L, respectively. According to the sampling season, distribution patterns and detected concentrations of 5 UV filters were similar in June and September 2014, but change ranges of distribution patterns and detected concentrations of 5 UV filters were highly variable in April and November 2014.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

Purpose - With the rise of the fourth industrial revolution, it has converged with the existing industrial revolution to give shape to increased accessibility of knowledge and information. As a result, it has become easier for scholars to actively persue and compile research in various fields. This current study aims to focus and assess the current standing of KODISA: the Journal of Distribution Science (JDS), International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business(IJIDB), the East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM), the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) in a rapidly evolving era. Novel strategies for creating the future vision of KODISA 2020 will also be examined. Research design, data, and methodology - The current research will analyze published journals of KODISA in order to offer a vision for the KODISA 2020 future. In part 1, this paper will observe the current address of the KODISA journal and its overview of past achievements. Next, part 2 will discuss the activities that will be needed for journals of KODISA, JDS, IJIDB, EAJBM, JAFEB to branch out internationally and significant journals will be statistically analyzed in part 3. The last part 4 will offer strategies for the continued growth of KODISA and visions for KODISA 2020. Results - Among the KODISA publications, IJIDB was second, JDS was 23rd (in economic publications of 54 journals), and EAJBM was 22nd (out of 79 publications in management field journals). This shows the high quality of the KODISA publication journals. According to 2016 publication analysis, JDS, IJIDB, etc. each had 157 publications, 15 publications, 16 publications, and 28 publications. In the case of JDS, it showed an increase of 14% compared to last year. Additionally, JAFEB showed a significant increase of 68%. This shows that compared to other journals, it had a higher rate of paper submission. IJIDB and EAJBM did not show any significant increases. In JDS, it showed many studies related to the distribution, management of distribution, and consumer behavior. In order to increase the status of the KODISA journal to a SCI status, many more international conferences will open to increase its international recognition levels. Second, the systematic functions of the journal will be developed further to increase its stability. Third, future graduate schools will open to foster future potential leaders in this field and build a platform for innovators and leaders. Conclusions - In KODISA, JDS was first published in 1999, and has been registered in SCOPUS February 2017. Other sister publications within the KODISA are preparing for SCOPUS registration as well. KODISA journals will prepare to be an innovative journal for 2020 and the future beyond.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to construct a turnover estimation model by investigating research by Park et al. (2006) on the market area of domestic distribution. The study investigated distribution by using a new tool for the turnover estimation technique. This study developed and discussed the turnover estimation technique of Park et al. (2006), applying it to a large-scale retailer in "D"city that was suitable for on-the-spot distribution. It constructed the new model in accordance with test procedures keeping to this retail business location, to apply its procedures to a specific situation and improve the turn over estimation process. Further, it investigated the analysis and procedures of existing turnover estimation cases to provide problems and alternatives for turnover estimation for a large-scale retailer in "D"city. Finally, it also discussed problems and scope for further research. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted on the basis of "virtue" studies. In other words, it took into account the special quality of the structure of Korea's trade zones. The researcher sought to verify a sale estimate model for use in a distribution industry's location. The main purpose was to enable the sale estimate model (that is, the individual model's presentation) to be practically used in real situations in Korea by supplementing processes and variables. Results - The sale estimate model is constructed, first, by conducting a data survey of the general trading area. Second, staying within the city's census of company operating areas, the city's total consumption expenditure is derived by applying the large-scale store index. Third, the probability of shopping is investigated. Fourth, the scale of sales is estimated using the process of singularity. The correct details need to be verified for the model construction and the new model will need to be a distinct sale estimate model, with this being a special quality for business conditions. This will need to be a subsequent research task. Conclusions - The study investigated, tested, and supplemented the turnover estimation model of Park et al. (2006) in a market area in South Korea. Supplementation of some procedures and variables could provide a turnover estimation model in South Korea that would be an independent model. The turnover estimation model is applied, first, by undertaking an investigation of the market area. Second, a census of the intercity market area is carried out to estimate the total consumption of the specific city. Consumption is estimated by applying indexes of large-scale retailers. Third, an investigation is undertaken on the probability of shopping. Fourth, the scale of turnover is estimated. Further studies should investigate each department as well as direct and indirect variables. The turnover estimation model should be tested to construct new models depending on the type of region and business. In-depth and careful discussion by researchers is also needed. An upgraded turnover estimation model could be developed for Korea's on-the-spot distribution.