• Title/Summary/Keyword: Osmosis

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마이크로 채널 내 액체에서의 열삼투현상에 대한 이론 및 시뮬레이션 연구 (Theoretical and Simulation Study of Thermo-Osmosis of Liquid in Microchannel)

  • 한민섭
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2005
  • Thermo-osmosis of liquids in a microscale channel is investigated by theoretical and simulation study. From the basic set of conservation equations, the temperature and velocity distributions are derived in the function of the given temperatures and pressure gradient. The pressure gradient for a given temperature gradient is then obtained by the molecular simulation. It is shown that the temperature gradient tangential to the surface induces the pressure gradient and thus the flow in the interfacial region between the liquid and channel surface. The thermo-osmotic flow is proportional to the applied temperature gradient, and the factor of proportionality depends on temperature and intermolecular potential. The origin and characteristics of the phenomenon are discussed in molecular details.

Fouling and cleaning of reverse osmosis membrane applied to membrane bioreactor effluent treating textile wastewater

  • Srisukphun, Thirdpong;Chiemchaisri, Chart;Chiemchaisri, Wilai;Thanuttamavong, Monthon
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2016
  • Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system was applied to the treatment and reclamation of textile wastewater in Thailand. An experiment was carried out to determine the fouling behavior and effect of anti-scalant and biocide addition to flux decline and its recovery through chemical cleaning. The RO unit was operated for one month after which the fouled membranes were cleaned by sequential chemical cleaning method. RO flux was found rapidly declined during initial period and only slightly decreased further in long-term operation. The main foulants were organic compounds and thus sequential cleaning using alkaline solution followed by acid solution was found to be the most effective method. The provision of anti-scalant and biocide in feed-water could not prevent deposition of foulant on the membrane surface but helped improving the membrane cleaning efficiencies.

Scaling predictions in seawater reverse osmosis desalination

  • Hchaichi, Houda;Siwar, Saanoun;Elfil, Hamza;Hannachi, Ahmed
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.221-233
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    • 2014
  • Simulations were conducted to predict supersaturation along Reverse Osmosis (RO) modules for seawater desalination. The modeling approach is based on the use of conservation principles and chemical equilibria equations along RO modules. Full Pitzer ion interactive forces model for concentrated solutions was implement to calculate activity coefficients. An average rejection rate for all ionic species was considered. Supersaturation has been used to assess scaling. Supersaturations with respect to all calcium carbonate forms and calcium sulfate were calculated up to 50% recovery rate in seawater RO desalination. The results for four different seawater qualities are shown. The predictions were in a good agreement with the experimental results.

회전 역삼투 분리막 여과 (Rotating Reverse Osmosis Membrane Filtration)

  • Sangho Lee;Richard M. Lueptow
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.131-142
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    • 2003
  • 원통형 회전 역삼투법은 높은 전단력과 유체의 불안정성을 결합시켜 막오염을 감소시키는 동적 여과방법이다. 이 논문은, 회전여과의 물리적 특성, 물질전달과 농도분극 현상, 이론적 및 실험적 해석, 사례연구 등 회전역삼투법에 대한 최근의 연구를 요약해서 보여준다.

역삼투 분리막 표면 특성의 내오염성 상관 관계 연구 (Study of Surface Properties on Fouling Resistance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes)

  • 김노원
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.28-40
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 복합 박막 활성층의전기적/분자 구조적인 특성이 오염성에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 복합 박막 형태의 폴리아미드계 역삼투 분리막에 대한 오염 거동 현상을 이해하는데 있어 표면 구조와 표면 전하의 연구는 매우 효과적이다. AFM 전자현미경을 이용한 표면 구조 분석과 EKA 전위차 측정기를 통한 표면 전하의 분석 결과는 역삼투 분리막의 오염에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자를 보여주고 있다. 복합막의 활성층이 중성에 가까울수록, 조도 차가 작을수록 역삼투막의 유량 감소 속도는 줄어든다.

Design of optimal PID controller for the reverse osmosis using teacher-learner-based-optimization

  • Rathore, Natwar S.;Singh, V.P.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2018
  • In this contribution, the control of multivariable reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is presented. First, feed-forward compensators are designed using simplified decoupling method and then the PID controllers are tuned for flux (flow-rate) and conductivity (salinity). The tuning of PID controllers is accomplished by minimization of the integral of squared error (ISE). The ISEs are minimized using a recently proposed algorithm named as teacher-learner-based-optimization (TLBO). TLBO algorithm is used due to being simple and being free from algorithm-specific parameters. A comparative analysis is carried out to prove the supremacy of TLBO algorithm over other state-of-art algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC) and differential evolution (DE). The simulation results and comparisons show that the purposed method performs better in terms of performance and can successfully be applied for tuning of PID controllers for RO desalination plants.

COD removal from industrial wastewater plants using reverse osmosis membrane

  • Madaeni, S.S.;Samieirad, S.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제1권4호
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    • pp.273-282
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    • 2010
  • Treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater is becoming a major goal due to water scarcity. This may be carried out using membrane separation technology in general and reverse osmosis (RO) in particular. In the current study, polyamide (FT-30) membrane was employed for treatment of wastewater obtained from Faraman industrial zone based in Kermanshah (Iran). The effects of operating conditions such as transmembrane pressure, cross flow velocity, temperature and time on water flux and rejection of impurities including COD by the membrane were elucidated. The aim was an improvement in membrane performance. The results indicate that most of the chemical substances are removed from the wastewater. In particular COD removal was increased from 64 to around 100% as temperature increased from 15 to $45^{\circ}C$. The complete COD removal was obtained at transmembrane pressure of 20 bars and cross flow velocity of 1.5 m/s. The treated wastewater may be reused for various applications including makeup water for cooling towers.

Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Using the Disc-tube-module in the Purification of Landfill Leachate

  • Peters, Thomas A.
    • 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국막학회 1995년도 제3회 하계분리막 Workshop (환경과 막분리 공정의 역할)
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 1995
  • Based on innovative membrane module concepts reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are going to become important instruments in environmental engineering. One example is the Disc-Tube-module and its application for the purification of landfill leachate. Currently over 45 different landfills are using this ROCHEM DT-module, in some cases combined with the high pressure reverse osmosis versions of this module, operating at up to 120 bar and 200 bar. This state of the art membrane technology and the DTF-module for nanofiltration, developed by ROCHEM on the basis of the DT-module and RO-systems for the purification of landfill leachate, make possible in hybrid processes permeate recovery rates of more than 97 % with concentration factors up to 40.

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역삼투압막 해수담수화 장치의 미네럴 분리 성능평가 (Efficiency Estimation for Desalination System of Seawater Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane)

  • 문덕수;정동호;김현주;신필권
    • 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2005
  • 삼투압보다 높은 외부압력을 역으로 걸어주면 용매는 용질 농도가 낮은 용액쪽으로 이동하게 되는데 이 현상을 역삼투라고 한다. 역삼투 원리를 이용하여 40-70 기압의 압력구배를 구동력으로 해서 해양심층수의 담수화 적용성을 검토 조사하였다. 역삼투막의 성능에 영향을 미치는 유량과 염제거율에 관한 온도와 압력등 여러 인자들에 관하여 고찰하였다. 온도는 역삼투압 분리막의 유량에 비례하는 반면, 염제거율에 반비례하는 관계를 보이고 있다. 압력은 분리막의 유량과 염제거율에 비례하는 관계를 보였다. $Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{+2},\;Na^+,\;K^+$ 등과 같은 해수의 주성분 미네랄에 대한 역삼투 분리막의 분리특성은 해수와 같은 강전해질 용액에서 전하량이 큰 $Mg^{2+}$$Ca^{2+}$의 염제거율은 99% 이상으로 온도에 비례하는 관계를 보였다. 전하량이 적은 $Na^+$의 염제거율은 98%-99.5%로 2가 이온의 염제거율보다는 낮고, 전하량이 작은 $K^+$ 이온보다는 크게 나타났다. 약산이나 상온에서 기체상태나 유리상태로 존재하는 보론의 배제율은 역삼투 분리 막에서 상당히 낮게 나타나고 대부분 우리나라 먹는물의 수질 기준치를 상회한다. 그러나 보론의 배제율은 온도에 반비례하고 압력에 비례하는 관계를 이용하여 수온 $5^{\circ}C$, 압력 $70kgf/cm^2$의 운전조건에서 생산된 생산수의 보론 농도는 우리나라의 먹는물 수질 기준을 만족한다.

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정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서의 식물 화학물질 기반의 탄닌산 유도체 (Phytochemical-based Tannic Acid Derivatives as Draw Solutes for Forward Osmosis Process)

  • 김태형;주창하;강효
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.157-168
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    • 2018
  • 우리는 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서 잠재적인 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 식물화학물질인 tannic acid (TA)에 알칼리 염 처리한 alkali tannate 염 중 하나인 potassium tannate (TA-K)를 평가하였다. TA-K의 정삼투 특성과 회수 특성은 체계적으로 조사되었다. 정삼투 공정을 active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) 방식으로 적용했을 때, TA-K 유도용액의 투수량은 TA 유도용액의 투수량 보다 훨씬 많은 반면, TA 유도용액의 투수량이 거의 확인되지 않았다. 100 mM 저농도에서의 TA-K 유도용액의 삼투압(1,135 mOsmol/kg)은 NaCl 수용액의 삼투압(173 mOsmol/kg)의 약 6.5배로 확인되었다. 100 mM 농도의 TA-K의 투수량과 specific salt flux (6.14 LMH, 1.26 g/L)는 동일한 농도의 NaCl 유도용액의 투수량과 specific salt flux (2.46 LMH, 2.63 g/L)의 약 2.5배 및 0.5배로 각각 확인되었다. TA-K를 재사용하기 위해, 금속 이온 침전법을 이용하여 TA-K유도용질을 침전시킨 후, membrane filtration을 이용하여 유도용질을 회수하였다. 이 연구는 식물화학물질을 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서의 적용 가능성을 보여준다.