• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1790-1800
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• 2006

Dynamic behavior of flexural-torsional coupled vibration of rotating beams using the Rayleigh-Ritz method with orthogonal polynomials as basis functions is studied. Performance of various orthogonal polynomials is compared to each other in terms of their efficiency and accuracy in determining the required natural frequencies. Orthogonal polynomials and functions studied in the present work are: Legendre, Chebyshev, integrated Legendre, modified Duncan polynomials, the special trigonometric functions used in conjunction with Hermite cubics, and beam characteristic orthogonal polynomials. A total of 5 cases of beam boundary conditions and rotation are studied for their natural frequencies. The obtained natural frequencies and mode shapes are compared to those available in various references and the results for coupled flexural-torsional vibrations are especially compared to both previously available references and with those obtained using NASTRAN finite element package. Among all the examined orthogonal functions, Legendre orthogonal polynomials are the most efficient in overall CPU time, mainly because of ease in performing the integration required for determining the stiffness and mass matrices.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.686-693
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• 2016

The analytical expressions for a partially coherent flat-topped vortex hollow beam propagating in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis are derived, and the intensity and coherent vortex properties of partially coherent flat-topped vortex hollow beam propagation in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis are analyzed by numerical examples. The influence of beam order parameter N, topological charge M, the coherence length and the ratio of refractive indices $n_e/n_o$ of uniaxial crystals on the normalized intensity distribution and coherent vortex of a partially coherent flat-topped vortex hollow beam propagating in uniaxial crystals are discussed in detail.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

In this paper, a planar directional beam-switchable antenna with four orthogonal beam directions is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed with two crossed active elements and two parasitic elements for each direction. The design methodology is described on the basis of the Yagi-Uda method for the active and parasitic elements, respectively. By adjusting the effective electric lengths of the parasitic elements, the roles of a director and a reflector are exchanged with each other. The planar four-way beam-switchable Yagi-Uda antenna is implemented. From the experimental results. The proposed design method is verified for orthogonal radiation beam switching.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2002

The door stiffness is one of the important factors for the side impact. Generally, the researches have been conducted on the assembled door. A side impact door beam is installed in a door to protect occupants from the side impact. This research is only concentrated on the side impact beam and a side impact beam is designed. The cross section is defined to have an elliptic shape. An optimization problem is defined to find the design maximizing the intrusion stiffness within the specified weight. Design variables are the radii and the thickness of the ellipsoid. The analysis of the side impact is carried out by the nonlinear finite element method. The optimization problem is solved by two methods. One is the experimental design scheme using an orthogonal array. The other is the gradient-based optimization using the response surface method(RSM). Both methods have obtained the better designs than the current one.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

Bumpers are structural components to reduce physical damage to the front and rear ends of a passenger motor vehicle from low speed collisions. Damage assessment and the protectiveness are the commonly used designing criteria but in this study, relative displacements of the bumper are examined. To absorb the crash energy without significant damage to the bumper itself, foam material is installed between fascia and beam. However, it is not easy to predict the exact displacements generated in bumper structures through FEM because the compressive stress-strain curve of a foam material depends on strain rates that deviates significantly on each trial. Under this uncertain condition, a range of displacements is calculated and the optimum design is performed using the design of experiments. The result will be used to find the design that minimizes the weight within displacement constraints. The orthogonal array of L9 is introduced to find the optimum of the design variables that considers the thickness of inner beam, outer beam and stay, This study will suggest the design procedure of a front bumper using the uncertain stress-strain curve of a foam material.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.66-77
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• 1997

In the present work, Taguchi method for electron beam welding(EBW) process in AISI 4130 steel plate has been adopted for investigating the contribution of effect of welding variables. $A L_8(2^7)$ orthogonal array is adopted to obtain the effect of adjustment parameters. The adjustment parameters consist of accelerating voltage, beam current, travel speed and focus currrent. And the quality features selected for the EBW process are bead width of weldment, reinforcement, penetration depth, undercut and area of weld metal. Variance analysis is performed in order to check the effect of adjustment parameters on EBW. The mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints for each heat treatment conditions are investigated in comparison with those of base metal, especially from the view point of tensile and impact properties.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1991

전중추신경 방사선 조사는 수아세포종, 중추신경정상피종, 중추신경임파종, 중추신경백혈병 환자 치료에 시행한다. 뇌부위에는 양면 조사야를 통하고 척추 신경부위는 후면 단일 조사야를 통해 방사선 조사한다. 이때 조사야가 인접한 부위에서 발생하는 방사선조사야의 중첩에 의한 선량의 불균일성은 큰 문제로, 특히 척추신경의 극히 한정된 방사선 인내능력으로 인해 심각한 부작용을 병발할 수 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기위한 많은 연구가 보고되고 있으나 그들이 보고한 방법에 의해서도 불균일성은 최고 $60\%\sim70\%$로 부터 최소 $15\%\sim20\%$에 이른다. 저자는 split beam (central axis beam)과 collimator rotation technique을 이용하거나 collimator/couch rotation technique을 이용하여 3조사야가 접하는 부위의 방사선량의 불균일성을 해결하고자 시도하였다. 저자의 방법으로 시행할 때 3조사야가 접하는 부위에서의 불균일성은 $5\%$정도로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 저자의 방법의 장단점을 기술하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

이동통신망 사용자는 인터넷 서비스를 위해 빠른 데이터 전송 및 넓은 대역폭을 필요로 한다. 기존의 MIMO 시스템은 주어진 환경에서 광대역서비스를 위한 방법으로 안테나의 개수를 수요 대역 만큼 계속 추가하는 것인데, 이 방법은 이동통신 단말기의 제한된 공간으로 계속적인 추가가 어렵다. 이는 추가되는 안테나간 간격을 사용주파수의 파장만큼 거리를 두어야 하는 공간적 제한 때문이다. 컴팩트 MIMO 기술은 이를 해결하는 방법으로 등장하고 있으며, 액티브 안테나 주변에 가변 리액턴스 값을 갖는 PE(parasitic element)를 두어 하나의 안테나 구성으로 다수 안테나의 효과를 얻는 방법이다. 이때 가변 리액턴스를 제어하기 위해 사용되는 회로의 구성 및 간섭에 강인한 스위칭 속도를 갖는 제어회로가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 리액턴스 제어를 위한 스위칭 블록을 제안하고, 이 방법에 의한 빔의 영향을 분석하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.280-294
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• 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and millimeter-wave frequencies play key roles in supporting 5G wireless communication systems. They expand the field of wireless communication by increasing the data capacities of communication systems and supporting high data rates. However, short wavelengths, owing to the high millimeter-wave frequencies can cause problems, such as signal attenuation and path loss. To address these limitations, research on high directional beamforming technologies continue to garner interest. Furthermore, owing to the mobility of the UAVs, it is essential to track the beam angle accurately to obtain full beamforming gain. This study presents a beam tracking method based on the unscented Kalman filter using hybrid beamforming. The simulation results reveal that the proposed beam tracking scheme improves the overall performance in terms of the mean-squared error and spectral efficiency. In addition, by expanding analog beamforming to hybrid beamforming, the proposed algorithm can be used even in multi-user and multi-stream environments to increase data capacity, thereby increasing utilization in new-radio multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 무선전력전송용 전 방향 빔 조향 직교 공진기를 제안하였다. 전 방향 빔 조향 직교 공진기는 2개의 루프를 수직으로 교차하여 이들의 연결 관계를 스위치로 제어하는 방식이다. 스위치의 연결 방식에 따라 루프에 흐르는 전류의 방향이 결정되고, 그에 따라 빔 조향 방향이 결정된다. 수직으로 교차한 공진기의 전류와 그에 따라 형성되는 자기장의 벡터 합의 원리를 이용하여 대각선 방향으로의 빔 조향을 실현하였다. 4개의 스위치 mode를 통해서 총 8개 방향으로 빔 조향이 가능하다. 적합한 스위치 mode를 사용하여 전 방향에 대한 전송 효율을 구하면 시뮬레이션과 측정 결과가 각각 56.3~60.0 %(편차 3.7 %), 41.2~48.7 %(편차 7.5 %)으로 비교적 전 방향에 대해 균일한 전송 효율을 얻을 수 있다.