• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2020

Flower industry is now growing due to the development of economy in many countries. Simultaneously, needs from consumers in flower market are varied widely. To satisfy the needs from consumers and deal with a variety of diseases from a lots of pathogens as well as climate change, new elite flower cultivars should be released in flower market. For this purpose, conventional and biotechnological techniques can be employed to make good cultivar. Therefore, this review describes the general overview of flower breeding techniques including cross-hybridization, mutation breeding and genetic transformation systems. Also, breeding systems for ornamentals derived from plant tissue culture such as embryo culture, in vitro fertilization, ovary/ovule culture and haploid production were reviewed. Furthermore, in this study recent development of the generation of new flower cultivars using marker-assisted breeding, plant transformation including particle bombardment and Agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as genome-editing technology were described. This review will be contributed to the development and releasement of new flower cultivars with horticulturally useful traits in the future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2012

Phytoplasmas have been associated with more than 46 plant species in Korea. Several vegetables, ornamentals, fruit trees and other crop species are affected by phytoplasma diseases. Six 16Sr groups of phytoplasmas have been identified and these phytoplasmas are associated with 63 phytoplasma diseases. Aster yellows phytoplasmas are the most prevalent group and has been associated with more than 25 diseases in Korea. Jujube witches' broom, paulownia witches' broom and mulberry dwarf diseases cause economic losses to host trees throughout the country. So far, Korean phytoplasmas belong to six species of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma'; 'Ca. P. asteris', 'Ca. P. pruni$^*$', 'Ca. P. ziziphi', 'Ca. P. trifolii', 'Ca. P. solani$^*$' and 'Ca. P. castaneae'. The diseases are distributed throughout the country and most of them were observed in Gyeongbuk and Chonbuk provinces. At least four insect vectors; Cyrtopeltis tenuis, Hishimonus sellatus, Macrosteles striifrons and Ophiola flavopicta have been identified for phytoplasma transmission.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.335-340
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• 2019

Two species of Leycesteria, L. gracilis (Kurz) Airy Shaw and L. formosa Wall. (Caprifoliaceae), from the Lao Cai and Yen Bai Provinces are reported here as a new generic record for the flora of Vietnam. During floristic surveys of northern Vietnam, L. gracilis and L. Formosa were encountered. A critical morphological study of all the collected specimens and the type of materials consulting the relevant literature led us to confirm the identity of our collected specimens as L. gracilis and L. formosa. The genus differs from other Vietnamese genera of Caprifoliaceae by the presence of a spike inflorescence or flowers in sessile whorls of 6. Taxonomic notes, description, and photographs are provided, together with short notes on the distribution, ecology and phenology of the two species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

An artificial symbiosis was established between diazotropic Azomonas insignis and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The partnership was created by in vitro techniques through callus induction and organogenesis. The basis of this partnerships is the bacterial dependence on the plants metabolic activity, using maltose in the medium as a carbon and energy source which can be utilized by the plant cells only. The presence of bacteria in the intercellular spaces of the callus tissues and regenerated plants was proven by microscopic techniques. Nitrogenase activity could also be detected in the plant tissues. For successful and high frequency introduction of bacteria to the plant tissues, biolistic gun method was used. On the basis of the DNA transfer method, Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria were delivered directly into strawberry tissues by the particle bombardment. This was the first use of living bacteria as microprojectils for bombardment of plant tissues. The treatment was successful, the presence of bacteria in the developing callus tissue and regenerated plants were detected by light and electron microscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-82
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• 1993

In the middle areas of South Korea, we collected 308 wild herbaceous species for studying the possibility of landscaping and, growing them at West in Yongin country of Kyunggi province. We observed their vegetative and flowering characteristic. And the result is as follow: 1. 76 species(24.7%) such as Hosta capitata, etc. of them are thought useful for flower-bedding or landscaping for park and ground-covering, while 94 species(30.6%) are regarded useful for ground-covering, potting and indoor-planting. They are Nepatica maxima and Thaliticum minus var. hypoleucum, etc. 46 species(15%) seems to be useful for flower-bedding, ground-covering and potting. 2. 264(85.7%) of all the observed species are for the enjoyment of their flowers, while 36 species(11.4%) for the enjoyment of their leaves, and 9 species(2.9%) for their fruit. They are Viburnum dilatatum, etc. 3. As for the relation of their habits to light conditions, 148 species(48%) grow int he full sun of more than 50,000Lux, 138 species(44.8%) usually in in the half shade of 20,000 to 30,000Lux, 15 species(4.9%) in the shade of some 10,000Lux, and 7 speciese grow either in the full sun or in the shde. 4. some species such as Wasabia koreansa, Allium succuliferum, Asterglehni, Ligulariafisheri, Ligularia stenocephala Epimedium koreanum are considered available as edible plants as well as ornamentals plants, and Houttuynia cordata. Saururus chinensis, Epimedium koreanum need to be further developed not only as ornamental plants but also medicinal plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Floral scent emitted from many plants is the key factor for pollinator attraction and defense for survival in nature and is important industrial materials for perfumery as well. It is a complex mixture of various organic molecules with a high volatility or a high vapor pressure. In general, floral scents are divided into three categories, aliphatics, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, based on its origin. About 1,700 scent compounds have been identified and their biochemistry and molecular biology also have elucidated their biosynthesis from various flowering plants during the last ten years. In addition to improvement of vase life, flower color and shape, and/or disease resistance, floral scent is coming up to the major breeding target for improvement of marketability. Therefore, metabolic engineering can be an important tool in near future and may be able to facilitate the breeding program for novel cultivar selection and improvement of marketability of floricultural crops.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.348-358
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• 2017

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is one of the most serious insect pest and a vector for a multitude of viral diseases to many crops, vegetables, ornamentals, and fruit trees in the world. A large number of aphids can reduce plant vigor and cause defoliation. Many insecticides have been developed and applied to control the green peach aphid. However, this aphid has displayed a remarkable ability to establish resistance to almost every insecticide. We treated 5 different insecticides registered for M. persicae on pepper leaves and investigated the effects of the insecticides by measuring the time it took to achieve 90% control of the aphids. Acetamiprid worked faster than any other insecticides while cyantraniliprole showed the slowest insecticidal effect. Pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, and spirotetramet provided 90% control within similar time. Iwol population's control value was higher than any other populations 24 hours after treatment. When five different unregistered insecticides for M. persicae were treated on pepper leaves, no insecticidal effect was found for gamma-cyhalothrin and novaluron and spinosad showed an insecticidal effect of up to 70% in Iwol population only. Although chlorfenapyr and dinotefuran were not registered for M. persicae, their insecticidal effects were found to be 90% or higher.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd. of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialization of these products are summarized. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd.of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialisation of these products are summarised. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 1987

This study was conducted to find out the fundamentals for proper use of Planting system in the elementary school landscape. For this study, 70 text books were applied to quote the plants, planting situation of 15 elementary schools was surveyed, and 1,464 questionnaires were collected. The resultes and some proposals obtained are summarised as follows ; 1. Total of 177 plant species were quoted over all text books of the elementary school course. Among them, the woody species showed the highest in number with 58 and herbaceous were the next with 30, the other were vegetable of 29, food crops, weeds, industrial ornamentals crops and water plants in order. They were common species in this country and were easy to cultivate except few. 2. 210 species were planted at the 15 elementary schools in Mokpo. It was constituted of 77 of herbaceous species and 133 of woody species but localized Plants were little. The herbaceous plant frequently used were Chrysanthemum morifolium, Targests erecta, Salvia splendens, Petunia hybrida, Cosmos bipinnatus, Celosia cristata, Canna generalis, et. On the other hand in the woody species Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, Cerdus deodora, Camellia japonica, and in the shrub Serissa japonica, Thuja orientalis, Euonymus japonica, Buxus mrcrophylla var. koreana etc in order. Almost the same species of woody plants described above were planted in zone of I -IV. Therefore, many problems were found in aspect of aesthetics, and their function and growth. There was much differences in number of species and quantity of plants in each elementary school. However they were not associated with school size, location, and age of schools. Most of elementary schools did not have same the plants as they were represented in text brooks. Therefore, in view of educational purpose it needs to plant more species which quoted in text books.