• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd. of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialization of these products are summarized. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The ornamental industry encompasses cut flower, pot plant, turfgrass and nursery stock production and is an important part of the agricultural sector. As internationally traded commodities, cut flowers and plants are an integral part of the economy of a number of developing countries in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Genetic modification (GM) is a tool with great potential to the ornamental horticulture industry. The rapid progress in our knowledge of plant molecular biology can accelerate the breeding ornamental plants using recombinant DNA technology techniques. Not only is there the possibility of creating new, novel products the driver of the industry but also the potential to develop varieties requiring less chemical and energy inputs. As an important non-food agricultural sector the use of genetically modified (GM) ornamental crops may also be ideal for the intensive farming necessary to generate pharmaceuticals and other useful products in GM plants. To date, there are only a few ornamental GM products in development and only one, a carnation genetically modified for flower colour, in the marketplace. International Flower Developments, a joint venture between Florigene Ltd. in Australia and Suntory Ltd.of Japan, developed the GM carnations. These flowers are currently on sale in USA, Japan and Australia. The research, development and commercialisation of these products are summarised. The long term prospects for ornamental GM products, like food crops, will be determined by the regulatory environment, and the acceptance of GM products in the marketplace. These critical factors will be analysed in the context of the current legislative environment, and likely public and industry opinion towards ornamental genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the morphological responses of Hosta longipes, an ornamental plants for heavy metal contaminated soils in urban landscaping, to heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn. Plants were grown in artificial soil amended with Cd, Pb, and Zn at concentation of 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf number, deaf leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were monitored from May to August. At 4 months after planting, the survival and morphological responses of H. longipes grown in soil amended with Cd at concentrations ${\geq}100mg/kg$ were severely affected compared to those grown in the control soil. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate were significantly decreased when the concentration of Pb was increased. Total leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were the lowest value in plants grown in soil amended with Pb at level of 500 mg/kg. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate, total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, and ornamental values had a tendency of decrease when plants were grown in soils amended with Zn. However, no significant difference was found among treatments except for plants were grown in soils amended with 500 mg/kg Zn. Therefore, Hosta longipes might be useful for phytoremediation of Zn contaminated sites as herbaceous ornamental plants.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.157-160
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• 2001

The wild Pyrus plants belong to the deciduous woody plants in Rosaceae family. Most are cultivated for fruit productions, but some for ornamental plants. There are 5 Pyrus species including Pyrus ussuriensis and 8 varieties cultivated in Korea. In Korea, these plants are populated near villages or on the hills, and they are easily propagated since their fruit are very juicy and quite big in size. Plant breeding to get improved cultivars is not difficult because the Pyrus plants are easy to cross breeding among its genus. Because not only this reason but there have been shown lots of variation in wild groups, the Pyrus plants inhabited in Korea are excellent deciduous woody plants and favorable fruit trees to develop ornamental plants. It is necessary to develop many kinds of fruit trees and ornamental trees containing genetically different character, so that it will be satisfied for many different people's taste and demands. Collecting lots of wild plant resource with diverse genes is necessary for plant breeding.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2001

The wild Pyrus plants belong to the deciduous woody plants in Rosaceae family. Most are cultivated for fruit productions, but some for ornamental plants. There are 5 Pyrus species including Pyrus ussuriensis and 8 varieties cultivated in Korea. In Korea, these plants are populated near villages or on the hills, and they are easily propagated since their fruit are very Juicy and quite big In size. Plant breeding to get improved cultivars Is not difficult because the Pyrus plants are easy to cross breeding among its genus. Because not only this reason but there have been shown lots of variation in wild groups, the Pyrus plants inhabited In Korea are excellent deciduous woody plants and favorable fruit trees to develop ornamental plants. It is necessary to develop many kinds of fruit trees and ornamental trees containing genetically different character, so that it will be satisfied for many different people's taste and demands Collecting lots of wild plant resource with diverse genes is necessary for plant breeding.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1499-1508
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• 2013

In the results of investigating the role of LED light quality in enhancing the ornamental value of indoor foliage plants, amber and red light increased plant height, leaf width, and leaf stalk, and the consequent tree shape decreased the ornamental value. The chlorophyll content increased significantly under white light and compound light. With regard to the effect of plant leaf color on ornamental value, the value of lightness was markedly enhanced by red light. As to the functionality of plants according to photosynthetic activity, plants such as Dieffenbachia, Clusia, and Dracaena were found favorable to those staying indoors for a longtime from morning to evening. Spathiphyllum, and Ficus were found to be recommendable for indoor spaces used actively during afternoon because their photosynthesis was activated in the afternoon. With regard to power consumption according to light quality, white light consumed 119 W/hour, around 45% lower than that of fluorescent lamps, so it is considered the optimal artificial light quality that can enhance energy efficiency. Red light consumed 72 W/hour, only 33% of that of fluorescent lamps, but it was not considered the optimal light quality because plant growth was poor under the light quality. White light and compound light were found to be the ideal light sources for improving the functionality and ornamental value of indoor plants and reducing the cost of maintenance, but because compound light hinders people from recognizing the original color of plants and makes their eyes easily tired, white light was considered the optimal light satisfying all of the ornamental value, economic efficiency and functionality resulting from plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.330-334
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• 2001

The polymorphism of Azospirillum isolates from ornamental rhizosphere and two reference strains were examined with respect to intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR) profile. All the isolates showed different intrinsic resistances to different antibiotics viz., tetracycline, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ampicillin, spectinomycin and chloramphenicol. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to high concentration of all antibiotics used in the present experiment. In addition to these general patterns, we also obseved the multiple antibiotic resistances of Azospirillum strains. The Azospirillum sp. OAD-11 was resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin, and Azospirillum sp. OAD-57 was resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. Conversely, Azospirillum sp. OAD-9 possessed the dual susceptibility to tetracycline and spectinomycin, whereas Azospirillum sp. OAD-37 was dual susceptible to streptomycin and kanamycin. Such multiple antibiotic resistant/susceptible traits could be useful for the identification of the strains in field experiments or in molecular genetic transfer experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.151-162
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• 2021

The recent trend of using ornamental grasses as essential landscaping plants has become more prominent, while the demands for today's gardens are to solve the challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and urban ecosystem services. Nowadays, the interest in ornamental grasses in South Korea is dramatically increasing, as is the number of available species and varieties. To find the better use of ornamental grasses in urban green spaces, more research should be conducted to understand the current state of ornamental grasses and their characteristics in South Korea. and a practical way of applying ornamental grasses to urban gardens should be devised. For that purpose, this research carried out a survey on the current state of ornamental grasses distributed in the landscaping plants market in South Korea. The grasses were analyzed according to the growing conditions, including habitats, ecological, and horticultural growth characteristics. As a result, 40 genera, 104 species, and 264 taxa of ornamental grasses were verified to be distributed in the market for garden plants in South Korea in August 2021. Poaceae and Cyperaceae are 69.7% and 28.4% among them, respectively. Juncaceae and Typhaceae are of little importance. No Restionaceae is supplied yet. Most of the Poaceae ornamental grasses prefer sunny open land, but others from various habitats are used too. The majority of the Cyperaceae ornamental grasses originate from woodlands, woodland edges, water's edges, and marshes. The market supplies fourteen genera of cool-season and sixteen genera of warm-season grasses. According to life-types of grasses, thirty-eight species are evergreens or semi-evergreens. Thirty-four species are deciduous. Seven species are summer-dormant. According to the growth habits of the grasses, thirty-three species are runners and fifty-one species are clumpers. There are fifteen taxa of ornamental grasses recently selected that have become native grasses.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

New plant viral diseases are being reported every year. However, most of the plant viruses are found on nonwoody plants, such as cereals, vegetables and flowering plants, and relatively few are known on woody trees. On the other hand, 17 viruses have been reported on 11 species of woody plants in Korea, so far. Most of the viral diseases of woody plants are have been reported on fruit trees or ornamental trees. The reason is that the fruit trees or ornamental trees is more important than forest trees in economical aspects. Since many known plant viruses attack several species of nonwoody and woody plants, it is likely that a larger number of viral diseases of woody plants will be discovered as more research is conducted. This paper is an overview about the viral diseases of woody plants reported in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

Since 1993, a total of 50 problematic plant diseases unrecorded in Korea were surveyed in Gyeongnam province. Totally 34 new host plants to corresponding pathogens investigated in this study were 5 fruit trees, 9 vegetables, 12 ornamental plants, 3 industrial crops, and 5 medicinal plants. Among the newly recorded fruit tree diseases, fruit rot of pomegranate caused by Coniella granati and Rhizopus soft rot of peach caused by Rhizopus nigricans damaged severely showing 65.5% and 82.4% infection rate. Among the vegetable diseases, corynespora leaf spot of pepper caused by Corynespora cassiicola and the crown gall of pepper caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, powdery mildew of tomato caused by Oidiopsis taurica were the most severe revealing 47.6%, 84.7%, and 54.5% infection rate in heavily infected fields, respectively. In ornamental plants, collar rot of lily caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, gray mold of primula caused by Botrytis cinerea, soot leaf blight of dendrobium caused by Pseudocercospora dendrobium, sclerotinia rot of obedient plant caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed 32.7 to 64.8% disease incidence. On three industrial plants such as sword bean, broad bean, and cowpea, eight diseases were firstly found in this study. Among the diseases occurring on broad bean, rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae and red spot caused by Botrytis fabae were the major limiting factor for the cultivation of the plant showing over 64% infection rate in fields. In medicinal plants, anthracnose of safflower caused by Collectotrichum acutatum was considered the most severe disease on the plant and followed by collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.(중략)