• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2013

This study investigated the formation of silhouette and hemline shape of knit flare skirts according to the properties of knit material through virtual clothing with a 3D virtual clothing system called i-Designer of Technoa, thus building a database of the property data of knit material to reduce the number of sample making steps repeated and implemented several times in the process of clothes making. The results would help to estimate a silhouette in advance, offer assistance to the development of original knit wear, and explore ways to provide basic data for the development of the knit industry of the nation. The investigator made 12 kinds of experimental clothes to the angles(width of skirt: $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$), gauge(7G, 12G, and 15G), and grain directions(wale and bias direction) of experimental clothes for virtual clothing. The dynamic characteristics of knit skirt samples according to each gauge were measured with the KES-FB system. Draper shapes were analyzed with the sectional shape data of hemline based on i-Designer. As for the measurements of the sectional shape of hemline and the formation of silhouette, the number of nodes, the average height of node mountains and valleys, and the hemline width right and left and before and after increased at the angle of $180^{\circ}$ than $90^{\circ}$. As gauges multiplied, the number of nodes, and silhouette angle dropping. When considering grain directions, the number of nodes and silhouette index increased in the wale direction at the angle of $90^{\circ}$ with the number of nodes and silhouette angle increasing in the wale direction at the angle of $180^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.251-258
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• 2014

Purpose: The preferred material for bone augmentation beyond the envelope of skeletal bone is the bone block graft, due to its dimensional stability. We evaluated the necessity of rigid fixation for the bone block graft, and compared the bone regeneration and volume maintenance associated with grafting using a synthetic hydroxyapatite block (HAB) and an autogenous bone block (ABB) without rigid fixation on rabbit calvaria over two different periods. Methods: Cylinder-shaped synthetic HAB and ABB were positioned without fixation on the rabbit calvarium (n=16). The animals were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks postoperatively, and the grafted materials were analyzed at each healing period using microcomputed tomography and histologic evaluation. Results: Integration of the graft and the recipient bed was observed in all specimens, although minor dislocation of the graft materials from the original position was evident in some specimens (six ABB and ten HAB samples). A tendency toward progressive bone resorption was observed in the grafted ABB but not in the grafted HAB, which maintained an intact appearance. In the HAB group, the area of new bone increased between 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The nonfixed HAB was successfully integrated into the recipient bed after both healing periods in the rabbit calvaria. In spite of limited bone formation activity in comparison to ABB, HAB may be a favorable substitute osteoconductive bone material.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.727-739
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• 2015

Reclamation of closed dumping grounds is a potential solution to solve land scarce problems. Traditional geotechnical investigations of closed dumping grounds face some problems, such as the emission of hazardous liquids and gases, and the lack of ground information due to the discontinuity between two boreholes. Thus, noninvasive and continuous investigation methods are needed to supplement traditional geotechnical investigations. In this paper, two types of geophysical investigation methods, Seismic Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) and 2D Resistivity, were carried out to study noninvasive and continuous site investigations for dumping grounds. The two geophysical methods are able to profile the distribution of physical properties of the fill and original materials, by which the extent of the dumping ground can be found and some anomalies in the subsurface can be located. Boreholes were used to assist in locating the dumping material-ground interfaces. The results show that dumping material-ground interfaces obtained from the two geophysical methods are roughly consistent. Moreover, attempt is made in the paper to use the geophysical methods to classify the types of dumping materials. The results show that the classification of dumping materials using the geophysical methods follows the results of the manual sorting of the dumping materials from a borehole.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Saururus chinensis is used as a raw material of an anti-rheumatic, poultice, sedative and stomachic. The tea of dried Saururus chinensis leaves has a function of relaxing pains in back and breast and of treating stomach ailments. The plant has the functions of anti-inflammatory, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and refrigerant. The extraction of functional material is carried out by methanol and ethanol solvents. Mechanochemical grinding is applied as a pretreatment process before extraction to enhance the extraction efficiency by increasing the surface area of the materials while changing the chemical properties of the materials. Extraction of functional materials from the Saururus chinensis after grinding as a pretreatment using the mechanochemical technology was accomplished in this study to investigate the effect of grinding on the antioxidant activities of the extract. Saururus chinensis was ground by the planetary ball mill and the morphology was analyzed by SEM. Mechanochemical pretreatment increased the yields of functional materials from 5.9 g to 6.4, 7.0, and 8.1 g after grinding of 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. Nitrite scavenging ability increased from 53.0-71.0% to 61.0-79.0% for the methanol extraction in the solution of pH 1.2. Also, Electron donating abilities were increased from 7.90-33.51% to 11.97-38.51% for the methanol extraction. The extract concentration for the half inhibition of DPPH radicals was reduced from $278{\mu}g/mL$ in the original sample to $263{\mu}g/mL$ in the sample after grinding for the methanol extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.819-830
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• 2010

This study proposes medical gowns for interns and residents that address the functions of utility and activity. Based on the questionnaires, the prototype focused on the pockets for practical use and movement adaptability. Functional pockets were made by increasing pocket sizes and separating pockets with sections according to use. An inside pocket and a loop for an identification tag was placed on the chest pocket and the side seam pocket were oblique lined. To resolve horizontal stress on the back of the gown,6 cm action pleats were added at both ends of the bladebone. The elbow area was tucked up to improve the workplace activities. To reduce hamper on the gown hemline, slits were added along the gown side seam. The front button was changed into an inside button closure. The cuffs, belt, and back waist belt were removed due to occupational cases of inconvenience. The length of the sleeves was adjusted with belts to improve the movement of the arms. In accordance with design preference, the gown was designed to be knee-length with wrist length sleeves. Blue colored (2.5PB 3/12: by Munsell) material was inserted to reduce the contamination on the neck, cuffs, front closure, and hemline area. The planning cloth of the experimental gown was designed to improve activity function, cleaning, and comfort from light materials. The field test (with 30 doctors at university hospitals and the objective assessment with 9 subject groups)were done by the valuation between the existing gown and the prototype. The results showed that the prototype had to be modified by decreasing the pocket size, expanding the usage of the penholder, and simplify front pockets in order to maintain unity. The loop for the identification tag, inside pocket, and the blue colored material had to be removed. The front closure of the gown had to return to its original state.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1598-1610
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• 2007

The knit design of this study was developed from reconstruction of Gustav Klimt images including gorgeous colors, symbolic lines, patterns and decorations, and the purpose was laid at making of unique, creative costume image with modem sense and adding artistic value on crochet knit wears. As for the contents and method of this study, We analysed formative aspects of Gustav such as line, color and shape Klimt in his art, and reviewed the cases where his works had been employed in modern costume. The conclusions are as follows; First, painting is important motif for contemporary costume design, and according to the individual thinking and expression, can be a major momentum for development of original design. Especially the organic lines and decorative patterns of Gustav Klimt paintings were suitable for rich decorative motif of costume design. Second, the unique colors of Gustav Klimt paintings can, if introduced to costume, allow new color combination. Third, crochet technic, by the texture of material, can present rich expression even with the basic knitting only. The embroidery metallic thread which is the main material for this study, was good for expression of gorgeous and classy image, in spite of the difficulties from its typical luster and embossed feeling. And the mohair, used as decorative motif, allowed more three dimensional expression with its rich voluminous and tangling property. Fourth, in applying Gustav Klimt paintings to costume design, other technics such as knitting, beading, applique, and patchwork helped creation of more unique clothes, presenting possibilities of rich artistic expression.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.400-404
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• 2013

Grain boundary diffusion technique with $DyH_3$ nanoparticles was applied to fabricate Dy-less sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with high coercivity. The magnetic properties and microstructure of magnets were systematically studied. The coercivity and remanence of grain boundary diffusion magnet were improved by 60% and reduced by 7% compared with those of the original magnet, respectively. Meanwhile, both the remanence temperature coefficient (${\alpha}$) and the coercivity temperature coefficient (${\beta}$) of the magnets were improved after diffusion treatment. Investigation shows that Dy is preferentially enriched as (Nd, Dy)$_2Fe_{14}B$ phase in the surface region of the $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ matrix grains indicated by the remarkable enhancement of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy field of the magnet. As a result, the magnet diffused with a small amount of Dy nanoparticles possesses enhanced coercivity without remarkably sacrificing its magnetization.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys(SMAs) have revolutionized the material engineering sciences as they exhibit exclusive features i.e. shape memory effect(SME) and super-elasticity. SMAs are those alloys that when deform return to their predeformed shape upon heating, they also restore their original shape by removing the load. Research on properties of newly advent of several types of ferrous based shape memory alloys(Fe-SMAs), shows that they have immense potential to be the counterpart of Nitinol(NiTi-SMA). These Fe-SMAs have been used and found to be effective because of their low cost, high cold workability, good weldability & excellent characteristics comparing with Nitinol(high processing cost and low cold workability) SMAs. Some of the Fe-SMAs show super-elasticity. Fe-SMAs, especially Fe-Mn-Si alloys have an immense potential for civil engineering structures because of its unique properties e.g. two-way shape memory effect, super elasticity and shape memory effect as well as due to its low cost, high elastic stiffness and wide transformation hysteresis comparative to Nitinol. Further research is being conducted on SMAs to improve and impinge better attributes by improving the material compositions, quantifying the SMA phase transition temperature etc. In this research pre-existing Fe-SMAs are categorised and collected in a tabulated form. An analysis is performed that which category is mostly available. Last 50 years data of Fe-SMA publications and US Patents is collected to show its importance in terms of increasing research on such type of alloys to invent different compositions and applications. This data is analysed as per different year groups during last 50 years and it was analysed as per whether the keywords exist in title of an article or anywhere in the article. It was found that different keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, almost don't exist in the title of articles. However, these keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, exist inside the article but still there are not too many publications related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 1988

The morphology of the Ca-montmorillonites from the Gampo area was investigated by the use of scanning and transmission electron microscope. These bulk samples show an irregular or rugged surface with well developed cavities and relict outline of original ash material at low magnification by SEM, indicating that montmorillonites are derived from volcanogenic material. Two different types of morphology of montmorillonites by SEM were observed which appear to depend very much on the space available for crystal growth. One is honeycomb structure montmorillonite growing in an open space. The other is the closely packed aggregates of intergrown montmorillonite showing platy particles where available space for the growth is limited. Several different habits of montmorillonite within a single sample can be observed by TEM. The dominant habit observed is the irregularly shaped and foliated aggregates and the platy shaped particles. In general, platy shaped particles are relatively abundant in the samples from Yongdongri compared with those from Jugjeonri area.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.47-55
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• 2013

In the element test for coarse granular materials, the grain size distributions of the materials are often adjusted, in case the grain size of coarse material in the field is larger than the available maximum grain size of the laboratory test equipment. In this study, we carried out the large cyclic triaxial test to evaluate the effect of the grain size distribution adjustment on Young's modulus in small to intermediate strain level. The test results showed that the coarse granular materials with the adjusted grain size distribution underestimated Young's modulus of the original materials. The difference of Young's modulus was larger in small strain level than in intermediate strain level.