• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Suhwa Kim Hwan-gi established his own unique world of art based on Korean-style lyricism with his sophisticated and sublimated formative language as the first generation of Korean abstract artist. He made his name known not only in Korea but New York and Paris, the center of contemporary art. Presently, there is almost no material left for us to examine how Kim Hwan-gi's house looked in the first place. But there is a painting that chef Kim Am-gi possesses where we can find the image of painter Kim Hwan-gi's house drawn by recalling the memories at home in a far-off land. With that, we can see it should be the original looks of that house. To examine the original looks of Kim Hwan-gi's house when it was built, this author studied the closure land registration map. By analyzing 29 land registration maps around Eupdong-ri of Gijwa-myeon in Muan-gun of Jeollanam-do produced in 1917 which National Archives of Korea possesses, this researcher could figure out the status of land registration around Kim Hwan-gi's house with No. 15 and 22 drawing boards. According to the results of considering aerial photographs after the emancipation that National Geographic Information Institute possesses, this author has found that the arrangement of Kim Hwan-gi's house was changed from 1954 up to 2008. In 1954 aerophotos, we can see the main building and studio in Kim Hwan-gi's house and there was an additional structure between them. Kim Hwan-gi's house was built before 1925. The main building presently designated as a cultural asset and also the sarangchae arranged in the east and the studio, too, were built in the similar period.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fittness of Golden relation items was advocated by Ricketts whether or not it is applicable to the young adult Korean dentitions and also to evaluate the several new Golden relation items conducted by the author. The material was consisted of 81 dental casts (34 male, 47 female) with ideal occlusion, which never undergone orthodontic, prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper (Mitutoyo. Co) and data were computerized and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows, 1. The Golden proportion advocated by Ricketts dose not seem to directly applicable to the Korean normal dentition, however, the modification from the Ricketts' original shows the Golden proportion as follow: A first series of progressive Golden relations was found on the Golden ratio among the lower central incisors width, the inter mesioincisal width of the upper lateral incisors, and the upper first premolars width. A second series was found on the Golden ratio among the lower lateral incisors width, lower inter canine tips width and theupper first molar distal cusp tips width. A third series was found on the Golden ratio between the inter distal aspect width of e lower canine and the mesial cusp tips width of the lower second molars or inter cusp tips width of upper second premolars. 2. In addition to Ricketts' original, 4 new Golden proportions were found in young adult Korean dentition, these are as follows; The tips of lower canine width had Golden relation with the width of the upper first premolar buccal cusp tips or the width of the lower first molar central fossae. The distal aspect of the lower first premolars had Golden relation with the buccal surface widths of the lower or upper second molars. The width of upper lateral incisors had Golden relation with the upper second molar height. The width of the lower canine tips had Golden relation with the lower second molar height.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1393-1410
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• 2015

An original sensor system based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) for the strain monitoring of an adaptive wing element is presented in this paper. One of the main aims of the SARISTU project is in fact to measure the shape of a deformable wing for performance optimization. In detail, an Adaptive Trailing Edge (ATE) is monitored chord- and span-wise in order to estimate the deviation between the actual and the desired shape and, then, to allow attaining a prediction of the real aerodynamic behavior with respect to the expected one. The integration of a sensor system is not trivial: it has to fit inside the available room and to comply with the primary issue of the FBG protection. Moreover, dealing with morphing structures, large deformations are expected and a certain modulation is necessary to keep the measured strain inside the permissible measure range. In what follows, the mathematical model of an original FBG-based structural sensor system is presented, designed to evaluate the chord-wise strain of an Adaptive Trailing Edge device. Numerical and experimental results are compared, using a proof-of-concept setup. Further investigations aimed at improving the sensor capabilities, were finally addressed. The elasticity of the sensor structure was exploited to enlarge both the measurement and the linearity range. An optimisation process was then implemented to find out an optimal thickness distribution of the sensor system in order to alleviate the strain level within the referred component.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.71-79
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• 2002

A new rapid prototyping process, Variable Lamination Manufacturing using a 4-axis-controlled hotwire cutter and expandable polystyrene foam sheet as a laminating material of the part (VLM-S), has been developed to reduce building time and to improve the surface finish of parts. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the surface of the original 3D CAD model in order to generate mid-slice data using the advancing front technique. The generation of 3D layers by a 4 axis-controlled hot-wire cutter requires a completely different procedure to generate toolpath data unlike the conventional RP CAD systems. The cutting path data for VLM-S are created by VLM-Slicer, which is a special CAD/CAM software with automatic generation of 3D toolpath. For the conventional sheet type system like LOM, the STL file would be sliced into 2D data only. However, because of using the thick layers and a sloping edge with the firstorder approximation between the top and bottom layers, VLM-Slicer requires surface reconstruction, mid-slice, and the toolpath data generation as well as 2D slicing. Surface reconstruction demands the connection between the two neighboring cross-sectional contours using the triangular facets. VLM-S employs thick layers with finite thickness, so that surface reconstruction is necessary to obtain a sloping angle of a side surface and the point data at a half of the sheet thickness. In the process of the toolpath data generation the surface reconstruction algorithm is expected to minimize the error between the ruled surface and the original parts..

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2010

This study was focused on conservation treatment and restoration of the monument for Jo Heon and the Soldiers in Chilbaeguichong. The monument has been ruined by bombing in the era of Japanese colonial(1940) and restored in 1971. Nevertheless, it still showed serious problems such as loss of original form, structural instability, and unnatural appearance. In order to improve its conservation state, the stele basement which was lost by bombing was restored and combined with body and top stones. The broken part of the top stone was also restored with new material through provenance interpretation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate Modernism of Gabrielle Chanel in respect to her fashion business. Chanel always considered the work of a fashion designer 'a technique, a craft, a trade' and chastised couturiers who looked upon themselves as artists. She was the first to cater to the public in its broader sense and to produce standard which appealed to every taste, the first to democratize the art of dressmaking for purely economic reasons. The results were as follows; 1. Chanel personified ~his new spirit of independence and evolved a style of dress for the modern, liberated woman. 2. Chanel excelled at fabrics, their interpretation, and an ability to use them. She had taken a humble material, one that was used by men and that they had shunned, and turned it into a fashionable fabric. In the process she also accelerated the growth of the ready-to-wear industry for it was a fabric within the financial reach of the majority of woman who wanted to dress fashionably but were not well off. 3. Chanel thought black chic and would never go out of fashion. As American Vogue for 1 October 1926 prognosticated, her little black dress became a kind of uniform. 4. Chanel represented an exception among couturiers because she was flattered that her styles were so popular and widely copied. She believed that her style would be affirmed by high-street copies-after all, copying is the sincerest form of flattery. 5. Chanel changed the concept of costume jewellery. It was not an original idea of Chanel's. Whereas Poiret had pioneered the original idea of costume jewellery, it was Chanel's avant-garde way with it not to mention her usual deceptive simplicity and supreme artistry that made costume jewellery evolve a successful and lucrative part of the fashion industry.

• Archives of design research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-70
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• 1990

Recently the tourism industry has achieved rapid growth and thus stands out as a means for the improvement of international payments and the acquirement of foreign currency. In particular, the hotel and major tourist travel industries have been developed for the inducement of foreign tourists. However, the manu-facturing and sales indust\ulcornerries of tourism folklore haven't developed. The reason is that the endeavor to attract tourists has been more emphasized than the development of tourism folklore which includes chief shopping items and indust-rialization. Tourism folklore plays a great role not only as material evidence of a tourist's visit to a country or region but also as a gift and a souvenir. Also it represents the image and the degree of the industrial development of the nation, so it should be congruent with the nature and the images of the region. Nevertheless, our tourism folklore has been merely mass produced by specific companies that do not represent the region's image and nature in their products. Tourism folklore development can raise the image of Choongnam and serve as a catalyst to induce tourists. Also, it can be an avenue for com$$\mu$ity publicity and industrialization. Thus, this study has examined and analyzed original products made with textiles and metal materials whether can be developed into tourism folklore. Also this study presents the example of developed tourism folklore works in a foreign country. It tries to give the unique symbolic image of Choongnam by developing the original products with Choongnam' s own materials. However, this study has shown that the actual conditions of tourism folklore development in Choongnam are seriously inferior to other industries. The producers are limited. Moreover, the product items are coarse. Many problems are being brought up which should be improved. Hereafter, to develop Choongnam's own tourism folklore, it should be carried out with financial and political support from the government, design development by industrial circles, professional design training and marketing research by the sellers.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

Steel stiffener is required for reinforcing the structure of the window frame made of versatile but weak PVC material. Steel stiffener however becomes a source of greater heat loss and frequently plays a role of thermal bridge due to its high thermal conductivity. To maintain thermal resistance similar to PVC frame, steel stiffener is perforated to reduce the effective heat transfer area. To compensate the structural strength of the steel stiffener which is weakened by the perforation, the thickness is increased. Increase in thickness will also increase the thermal heat resistance. Five samples which are PVC frame, PVC frame + original steel stiffener, PVC frame + 30% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 50% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener are modeled and simulated for 2nd moment of area and thermal resistance. Therm/window version 6.3 is used for thermal analysis. The results show that among the five samples analyzed, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener best satisfies both structural strength and thermal resistance.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to examine statistical methods used in articles published on the Korean Journal of Acupuncture from 2007 through 2012. Methods : Statistical methods and statistical packages used in original articles applied with descriptive statistics or inferential statistics were organized. Results : Out of a total of 195 original articles, 18 articles used descriptive statistics only and 177 articles used inferential statistics. 142 articles used 12 types of statistical packages. SPSS was used most at 97 times(63.4%). The number of descriptive statistical methods used was a total of 417 and among them 193 were presented as tables(46.3%) and 224 were presented as graphs(53.7%). The number of inferential statistics applied was a total of 256 and analysis of variance was used most at 90 times(35.2%). The number of parametric statistical methods used was a total of 170(75.6%) and that of nonparametric statistical methods used was a total of 55(24.4%). Analysis of variance and two sample t-test were most employed in both clinical and non-clinical research. The number of multiple comparison methods applied was a total of 67 and the number of Scheffe methods among them was most at 26 times(37.7%). Conclusions : In the present study, statistical methods used in the journal over the last six years were examined. The result of this study is considered to be a basic material to be referred to when evaluating the quality of the medical journal.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

The forged iron axe found in the No. 2 wood-framed tomb (the middle 3rd century) of Hwangseongdong, Gyeongju is rectangular on the plane level. It shows an obtuse angle in the edge part, while the joint part has the both sides folded up and shows the traces of wood. Under the reflected light, the Iron axe shines in metal luster, which is bright light gray or light creamy colors. The result of x-ray diffraction analysis shows that the axe consists of magnetite and geothite, which can explain why the composition and structure of the original ore has been kept intact. The microtexture of the axe has the irregular network of ferrite and pearlite, and tile cementite of tiny amount in the ferrite background. The overall treatment of the texture seems to be thermal with a high ratio of carbon. There are fine-grained magnetite, wolframite, quartz, calcite, mica, hornblende and pyroxene inside the axe. Those must be the impurities that they failed to remove in the refining process. The normal ferrite is composed of pure iron whose $Fe_2O_3$ proportion is from 99.16 to $99.84\;wt.\%$. Other than them, the ferrite parts usually contain $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$. The irregular network of pearlite also contains Impurities including $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ and shows highly diverse patterns of carbon content. It's because the axe was carburized after the material was made to resemble pure iron. The decarbonization work didn't go well along the process marks. It's estimated that the original ore was bloom produced in low-temperature reduction and formed around in $727^{\circ}C$, which is eutetic temperature.