• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Purpose - The present study theoretically reviews the use of power norm according to the cultural orientation of consumers to categorize the shopping value that corresponds to the use of the power norm when consumers use local food stores. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Based on the data collected from the survey to 130 undergraduates, salaried men and people at large, the group with cultural value orientation was divided further into the group of horizontal individualism and that of vertical collectivism by using cluster analysis of SPSS 18.0 program. And regression analysis of SPSS 18.0 was employed to verify the hypotheses. Results - The following conclusions were shown in the empirical study. First, in the group of vertical collectivism, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, economic value and service superiority can positively affect the attitude to the local food stores while the social responsibility activity in the community can't. In the group of horizontal individualism, however, contribution to regional profits and competitiveness, social responsibility activity, economic value and service superiority were all found to positively affect the attitude to the stores. Second, the distinctive shopping value of the stores such as escapism, entertainment value and prestige does not affect the attitude to the stores. Third, the positive effects that the stores' level of responsibility for the outgroup community can exercise on the attitude to the stores turned out to be bigger in the group of horizontal individualism than in the group of vertical collectivism. Fourth, the impact that the degree of the stores' contribution to regional profits and competitiveness has on the attitude to the stores was found to be positive in both groups. However, no difference existed in the degree of positive effects between them. Conclusions - Marketing managers of local food stores should pay more attention to managing their contribution to practical shopping value and to interests as well as competitiveness of regional society, and to persuading consumers of the horizontal individualistic group by performing responsible activities for the outgroup of local society regardless of the types of consumers' cultural orientation.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.237-256
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• 1998

Death and dying of human being is a comprehensive system, and death orientation, the subjective meaning related to every component of the death system is developed throughout life. This study was designed and carried out to identify, describe and classify the orientations of Korean adult towards the death system. In an attempt to measure the subjective meaning of death and dying, unstructured Q-methodology was used. The 65 Q-statements developed by Kim(1994), used by Kim(1994) and Park(1996) were adopted as Q-population and 39 Q-statements were selected by the three researchers for Q-items for this study. Thirty-three P-samples were sampled from P-population of literate Korean men and women, 35 and 55 years of age, lived in urban Korea for the last 10 years. Sortings of the 39 Q-items according to the level of personal agreement, and a forced normal distribution into the 9 levels were carried out by the P-samples. The Z-scores of the Q-sort data were computed, and the principal components factor analysis by PC-QUANL Program were carried out. The demographic, socio-cultural and health-related attributes of the P-samples were descriptively analysed. Eight types of death orientation were identified ; Type I ; 'naturalist'. Six P-samples. Death is a natural phenomena, to be accepted as it is and to follow its natural course. Prefer to be informed of all facts and possibilities concernig the course of dying and death to occur to self. Type II ; 'life-after-life negator'. Three P-samples. Time and process of death is the destiny of each person. Death means 'darkness' and 'end to every thing, the absolute end'. Yet, wish physical integrity at the dying and after death. Type III ; 'life-after-life believer'. Six P-samples. Men are travellers passing by this life bound to the life-after-life. Priority concerns are on the activities to prepare self for the eternal life ahead. Disregard premature and sudden death. Type IV ; 'here-now believer' Five P-samples. Positive regard to the cremation of the body and donation of the organs on death. Regard religious and customary post-motem rituals meaningless. Negate life-after life. Type V; 'believer of rituals'. Five P-samples. Death being accepted as a part of, a natural end to, and destiny of human life. Concerned to ensure a dignified end to personal life and dignified post-mortem rituals. Type VI ; 'Realist'(derived from Type I). Two P-samples. Life and death as universal reality. The abrupt death at golden age at the peak of happiness is favored to avoid inevitable physical and mental distress of self and the family. Agreed to the cremation of the body. Disregard rituals. Type VII : 'Fatalist' (derived from Type II). Five P-samples. Not favored, yet, all man are destined to death, the inevitable end of all living beings. To ensure dignified end by personal consummation, information on one's dying and imminent death are to be shared. Type VIII ; 'reality avoider'(derived from Type III). One P-sample. Negative to longevity, artificial prolongation of, meaningless and distressful life. Highly positive to postmortem organ donation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

암반사면을 안전하고 효율적으로 설계하기 위해서는 암반의 역학적 특성을 정밀하게 조사하여야 한다. 하지만 현재 사용되고 있는 클리노미터를 이용한 절리 조사의 한계점으로 인해 이를 보완할 수 있는 새로운 측정법의 연구가 필요로 하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 3D Laser Scanner와 점군 데이터 분석 소프트웨어 Split-FX를 이용하여 암반사면의 절리방향 측정의 신뢰성을 분석하였다. 절리면 자동추출 기능을 통하여 총 495개의 절리 데이터를 얻었으며, 동일 지역을 클리노미터를 이용하여 측정한 38개의 데이터와 비교하여 분석한 결과 경사는 ${\pm}4^{\circ}$, 경사방향은 ${\pm}5^{\circ}$의 편차를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 측정결과는 선행 연구를 통해 알게 된 클리노미터의 조사자에 따른 경사/경사방향 오차범위 ${\pm}5^{\circ}/{\pm}10^{\circ}$에 속하기 때문에 3D Laser Scanner를 이용한 절리데이터 취득 및 분석은 기존의 조사법을 보완할 수 있는 효율적이고 신뢰성 있는 조사법이라고 분석되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.156-172
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 특급호텔 조리 및 식음료 종사원의 스트레스 대처전략이 직무만족도 및 고객지향성에 미치는 영향력을 고찰하였다. 실증연구를 위해 확보된 250개의 표본을 바탕으로 연구모형의 신뢰성, 적합성 등을 검토하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 총 2개의 가설을 검증하였으며, 모형의 적합도는 ${\chi}^2$=252.876, df=143, CMIN/DF=1.768, GFI=0.914, AGFI=0.873, NFI=0.936, CFI=0.971, RMSEA=0.056으로 조사되었다. 연구결과, 특급호텔 조리 및 식음료 종사원의 스트레스 대처전략의 하위 차원 중 문제중심 대처전략을 제외한 정서중심 대처전략(${\beta}$=-.181)과 회피전략(${\beta}$=-.129)이 직무만족도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었으며, 직무만족도(${\beta}$=.599)는 고객지향성에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 호텔 조리 및 식음료 종사원이 사용하는 대처전략은 직무만족도에 영향을 미치며 결과적으로 고객지향성에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 한편 스트레스 대처전략이 직무만족도 및 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에 있어서 부서와 고용형태에 따른 차이는 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on how the power structure and cultural factors play a role in resolving conflicts. From this perspective, this study is to examine the structural relationship between franchisors' cultural orientation and relationship power, and conflict resolution strategies, relationship trust, and relationship performance using. The findings of this study suggest how franchise headquarters should establish long-term relationship with franchisees and share information. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 200 franchisees, and 196 franchisees responded. Out of 196 respondents, 13 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 183 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The results showed that cooperation orientation and relational power of franchisor had significant effects on conflict resolution strategies. Cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategies of conflict resolution strategy had significant effects on relationship trust. Also, relationship trust had significant effect on relationship performance. Conclusions - This study shows that the franchise headquarters and the franchisees share necessary information for common purposes and that continuous two-way communications play an important role in resolving conflicts. In other words, the result of this study suggests that if the franchise headquarters and the franchisee actively consider the position of the other party and strive to achieve the goal, conflict resolution may be more successful. In order to do this, the franchise headquarters will have to consider how to build and maintain continuous communication with the franchisees, and continuous education is also needed so that employees can have a cooperative attitude. However, since the culture of these organizations is not made up of simple staff training and is not formed within a short time, the CEO of the franchisee headquarters should take the lead in establishing a cooperative culture with the merchants over the long term.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-80
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• 2008

The contemporary consumers have insatiable desires for material and outward appearance. In terms of the desire for outward appearance, people recognize that a beautiful outward appearance can be made by an artificial effort. Subsequently, the interest in a beauty and fashion has been increased. In addition, a cable TV shows a beauty and fashion program targeted for women in 20s to 30s. This study tried to examine the stories on experience of consumption by consumers watching a beauty and fashion program in a women specialized channel of a cable TV. The total number of narrators who participated in this study was 11. Among them, we formed 26 narrative plots on the basis of interviews for 7 persons who could use Labov's structural analysis. The result of analyzing narrators' narrative plots was as follows: First, although narrators received the information on beauty and fashion through a channel which became the target of this study, they applied such information into an ordinary life by transforming such information. Second, narrators thought that their confidence and superiority could be expressed through a beauty and fashion. Third, narrators' consuming life showed a showing off-type consumption and an objective consumption. Fourth, narrators have a gap between the behavior orientation and real actions. And they experiences various trobles on consumption life. Fifth, through the interview for narrators, a trend of reconsidering their consuming life was found out.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.54-86
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• 2015

The study examines the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, with a focus on the recent Reauthorization, and compares, in the political context, the U.S. and East Asian countries-Japan, Korea and Taiwan-that adopted the U.S. SBIR program. For the systematic analysis and cross-country comparison, the study employs Kingdon (2003)'s framework-his political theory and Garbage Can Model-to identify political participants and processes underlying the SBIR Reauthorization and to analyze the differences in problem, policy, and politics streams between the U.S. and East Asian countries. For the cross-country comparison, specifically, the study uses various data sources such as OECD, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, and World Value Survey. Based on the analysis outcomes, implications of U.S. practices on East Asian countries are extracted as follows. East Asian countries tend to: Have higher entrepreneurial aspiration while lower entrepreneurial activity and attitude than the U.S.; bear higher long term orientation and uncertainty avoidance while lower individualism than the U.S.; and have greater expectations of technology development and higher confidence in political parties while participating less in political action than the U.S. Drawing on the differences, the following policy recommendations are suggested. East Asian countries should: Improve entrepreneurs' access to resources (in particular, financial resource) in order to link their high entrepreneurial aspiration to actual entrepreneurial activities; cultivate failure-tolerating culture and risk-taking entrepreneurs, for instance, by providing a second chance to SBIR-participating businesses that failed to materialize their innovative ideas; and leverage their high expectations of new technology in order to take bold actions regarding their SBIR programs, and update the programs by drawing out constructive dialogues between SBIR stakeholders.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.17-35
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develope Premarial Sexual Education Program. This program was based on survey(466 data used) for the need of PSEP. The result were as followings: 1. The need of sex education was higher(92.9%) and the participation of this PSEP was 80.4%, so this program was systemic structure. 2. Their premarital sexual values were more permissive(52.2%) than the past. But women thought tha female would be vergin(27.1%) their inter course experience rate was 33.4% and Age of experience was under 23 year olds. 3. The unmarried persns wanted that PSEP was consisted of 10 sub themes : (1) pregnancy and child-birth(mean=4.4/5) (2) contraception and family planning(m=4.3) (3) sexual morality and sexual value(m=4.2) (4) sexual healthy family (m=4.1) (5) sexual open communication(m=4.1) (6) venereal disease and coping stratiges(m=4.0) (7) sex role learning(m=3.9) (8) sexual physiology(m=3.8) (9) premarital sex and unwed mother(m=3.7) (10) adultery and society(m=3.6) 4. They want that group meeting would be every Wensday or Friday evening and the required time is two hours. The instruction methods are expected lecture, discussion or seminar and viewing video tapes. 5. So PSEP was consist of 10 sub-themes: (1) orientation and self-disclosure(test, lecture, game) (2) sexual physiology(video tape, lecture) (3) pregnancy and child birth(lecture, video tape) (4) contraceptive methods and family planning(lecture, video tape, test, discussion) (5) sex role learning(test, lecture, role-play) (6) venereal disease and coping stratiges(lecture, video tape) (7) premarital sex and incest(cause study, lecture) (8) sex morality and sex value(seminars, lecture) (9) sexual open communication(seminars) (10) sexual healthy family(lecture, seminars)

• Composites Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2012

상용프로그램을 사용하여 복합재료 실린더를 설계할 때는 적층 각과 적층 수에 따른 node 수의 증가로 해석하는데 오랜 시간이 걸리기 때문에 본 논문은 LabVIEW를 사용하여 재료의 물성치, 적층각, 적층 수 등을 입력하여 빠른 시간에 응력분포를 구할 수 있는 GUI 프로그램을 개발하여 초기설계시 설계가능영역을 빠른 시간 내에 살펴볼 수 있도록 하였다. 자긴가공된 특수강 실린더의 응력분포와 내압을 받는 특수강/복합재 실린더의 응력분포는 MSC Nastrsn/Patran v.2010 사용하여 값을 비교하였고, 복합재료 실린더의 응력분포는 선행 연구된 값과 비교하여 검증하였다. 또한 프로그램을 사용하여 내압을 받는 자긴가공된 특수강/복합재 실린더의 응력분포를 살펴봄으로써 설계초기단계에서 경향성 검토를 쉽게 할 수 있어 초기설계에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to increase understanding of agriculture through agricultural experience programs for adolescents living in self-reliance residence hall, and to investigate changes in work performance ability through changes in hand function. Methods: There were 11 subjects, and the average age was 18.2 years, all males without disabilities. The agricultural experience program consists of a total of 10 sessions including orientation and watching videos on future agriculture, creating vegetable gardens, planting, managing each crop, harvesting, visiting the processing room, and selling at a local food store. Results: The change in agricultural literacy by the agricultural experience program positively improved from a score of 113.73 to 127.91 (p = .008). The changes by sub-item are as follows. The value and safety of agri-foods (p = .020) and agriculture and natural environment (p = .007) were significantly improved. The function and value of rural areas (p = .050), production of agricultural products (p = .160), processing and distribution of agricultural products (p = .248), and agricultural policies (p = .058) were not significantly changed. The simple function of the hands was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 30 seconds, and the assembly function was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 60 seconds. In the case of simple function, the dominant hand was improved from 14.82 to 15.83 (p = .014), andthe non-dominant hand was also significantly improved from 13.79 to 15.01 (p = .002). There was no significant improvement in the simple function (p = .153) and assembly function (p = .770) of both hands. Conclusion: It is considered that the agricultural experience program will enable youths living in self-reliance residence halls to enhance their understanding of agriculture as an occupation, and enable them to play a role as wise consumers by positively affecting improvements in their agricultural literacy and simple hand functions.