• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.50-70
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• 1993

Clinical observation was done on 92 cases of Occlusive CVD, Cerebral hemorrhage (Subarachnoid hemorrhage) which were confirmed by Brain CT scan and observed for over 4 weeks, among the 121 cases which were more than 65 years of age. they admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from July 1992 to June 1993. The result were as follows; 1. In this study, Occlusive CVD was 74 cases, Cerebral hemorrhage (Subarachnoid hemorrhage was 2 cases) was 18 cases. 2. The ratio of male to female was 1.09:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group(52.2%), 7th decade was 44.5% over 8th decade was 3.3% in ratio. 3. The site of Occlusive CVD was most common at MCA. the site of Cb-hemorrhage was most common at Basal ganglia. 4. The most common preceding disease was hypertension(47.8%) and the next were diabetes mellitus(14.1%), heart desease(14.1%). 5. Recurrence rate was 33.7% and 2nd attack was 20.7%, 3rd attack was 8.7%, 4th attack was 4.3% 6. Predisposing factors in Occlusive CVD were initiated usually during resting and sleeping, and that in Cb-hemorrhage were represented chiefly exercising(66.6%). 7. The smoker was 52.2%, the drinker was 32.6% in whole group. the drinker was 61.1% by the Cb-hemorrhage. 8. The ratio of the season distribution was as follow, fall 35.8%, winter 29.3%, spring 19.6%, summer 15.3%, that of the month distribution was november 15.2%. 9. Duration from on set in Occlusive CVD, 60.8% was within 5 days, that in Cb-hemorrhage, 77.8% was within 5 days. 10. Level of consciousness on attack was clear 42.2%, lethargy and mental change(dull, stupid etc.) 41.3%. The common symptoms were motor disturbance(90.2%), verbal disturbance(65.2%), headache(43.5%). 11. The physical theraphy of Occlusive CVD has been performed 75.7% in whole group and the average beginning time was 6.4 days, and that of Cb-hemorrhage has been performed 61.1% in whole group and the average beginning time was 13 days. 12. Duration of hospitalization was noted 11-20 days was 31.5%, over 21 days was 46.8%, and the average admission was 22.7 day(Occlusive CVD), 32days (Cb-hemorrhage). 13. The main complication were observed in the studies; urinary tract infection and pneumonia were noted in 6.5%, bed sore in 5.4%. 14. The ratio of systolic blood pressures in admission and discharge decreased from 58.7% to 28.3% in over 160 mmHg, that of diastolic blood pressures in admission and discharge decreased from 72.8% to 51.1% in over 90 mmHg. In 31(33.7%) of the 92 cases it showed the glucose levels of more than normal. 15. The patients have done family history of hypertension and C.V.A were 32.6% of all 16. Occlusive CVD In 83.8% and Cb-hernorrhage in 72.2% were improved 17. The herb medications were various Sunghyanggeonggisan, Sopungtang, CHunmagudeungeum were used most frequently and Gamidaebotang, Boyangwhanotang, Gagamyunjotang, Mangeumtang etc. were used as discharge.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

1. 연구목적(硏究目的) 이제마(李濟馬) 선생께서 함흥에서 의업(醫業)을 열어 사상의학(四象醫學)을 제창한 지 100여 년이 지났으나 이제마(李濟馬) 선생께서 쓰신 약물(藥物)에 대한 연구(硏究)가 아직 정립(定立)이 되지 않아 기존(旣存)의 음양오행론적(陰陽五行論的) 관점(觀點)에서 사상(四象) 처방(處方)을 쓰고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 론고(論考)는 소양인(少陽人)의 대표적 약물인 석고(石膏)를 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"에서 이병증약(裏病證藥)이라고 규정하면서도 비수한표한병증(脾受寒表寒病證) 처방(處方)에도 사용되는 예가 있어 표이병증(表裏病症)에서 쓰이는 용례(用例)와 올바를 수치법(修治法), 귀경(歸經), 소양인(少陽人)의 한열병증(寒熱病症)에서의 역할을 살펴보아 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病)에서 사용된 석고(石膏)의 운용(運用) 정신(精神)을 살펴보고자 하였다. 2. 연구방법(硏究方法) 역대(歷代) 본초(本草) 의서(醫書)와 동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에 나타남 기존(旣存) 음양오행론적(陰陽五行論的) 관점(觀點)에서 석고(石膏)의 본초론적(本草論的) 의미를 살펴보고 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)의 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病)의 망음증(亡陰證) 처방(處方)에서 석고(石膏)가 포함된 처방(處方)인 형방사백산(荊防瀉白散)과 저령동전자탕(猪笭東前子湯)과 같은 망음증(亡陰證) 처방(處方)이면서 석고(石膏)가 들어가지 않은 골석고삼탕(滑石苦參湯)과 형방지황탕(荊防地黃湯)의 두 처방군(處方群)을 비교하여 석고(石膏)가 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(碑受寒表寒病)에 쓰이게 된 운용(運用) 정신(精神)을 살펴보고 소양인(少陽人) 이병증(裏病證)에서 석고(石膏)의 효능(效能)과 작용(作用) 부위(部位)를 살펴보아 소양인(少陽人) 한열병증(寒熱病證)에서의 석고(石膏)의 효용(效用)에 대해 알아보았다. 3. 고찰(考察) 및 결과(結果) 이상의 과정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 석고(石膏)의 수치법(修治法)은 감초수비(甘草水飛), 화가(火假)의 방법이 있으나 소양인약(少陽人藥)은 포, 자(炙), 초(炒), 법(法)을 사용하지 않고 소양인(少陽人) 병증(病症)에서의 석고(石膏)의 효용이 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)하는 기능이 강하므로 생석고(生石膏)를 감초수비(甘草水飛)하여 연세(硏細)하여 사용하는 것이 적절하다. 2. 석고(石膏)가 표병증약(表病證藥)인 형방사백산(荊防瀉白散)과 저령동전자탕(猪笭東前子湯)에 사용되는 양병(養病)이 같이 겸하여 표양겸병(表養兼病)에 청양열이강표음(淸養熱而降表陰)하는 치법(治法)에 사용되는 것이다. 3. 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病) 중에 망음증(亡陰證)은 신열두통설사(身熱頭痛泄瀉)의 망음(亡陰)과 신한복통설사(身寒腹痛泄瀉)의 망음증(亡陰證)으로 구별되며 신열두통설사(身熱頭痛泄瀉)의 망음증(亡陰證)에만 석고(石膏)가 쓰이게 되며 설사(泄瀉)의 유무(有無)와는 관계없이 신열두통(身熱頭痛)의 증장(證狀)으로 망음증(亡陰證)으로 전변(轉變)되는 증상(證狀)이 있을 때는 석고(石膏)를 사용하게 된다. 4. 석고(石膏)는 화열병증(火熱病證)으로 양화(陽化)되기 쉬운 소양인(少陽人)의 체질적(體質的) 특징(特徵)을 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)의 작용으로 소양인(少陽人) 보명지주(保命之主)인 음청지기(陰淸之氣)를 도와주는 대표적인 약물이다. 5. 석고(石膏)의 작용(作用) 부위(部位)는 중상초(中上焦) 부위(部位)인 위국(胃局)으로 위국(胃局)의 모양(耗陽)을 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)하여 소양인(少陽人) 이병증(裏病證)의 대전제(大前提)인 대변폐(大便閉)의 증상을 해소하여 청양(淸陽)을 상달(上達)시키는 작용을 한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-44
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• 1994

Clinical observations were done on 67 cases with Diabetes Mellitus in CVA patients who were confirmed by CT scan and observed for over 1 week, admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine in Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongguk University from January 1992 to December 1993. The results were as follows; 1. 86 patients (15.3%) with Diabetes Mellitus were found in 561 CVA patients, the 6th decade of age was 40.2%, the ratio of male to female was 0.72:1. 2. The local distribution of CVA was similar to common CVA, and occlusive CVD was 83.6%, cerebral hemorrhage was 16.4% in this study. 3. The association between blood glucose and years were not significant. The largest ratio of fasting blood glucose were 140-199 mg/dl (44.6%) in admission, below 139 mg/dl (51.8%) in discharge in case of occlusive CVD. In cerebral hemorrhage, that were 140-199 mg/dl(45.5%) in dmission, below 139 mg/dl (45.5%) in discharge. The largest ratio of pp2hrs blood glucose were 200-299mg/dl in admission and discharge both occlusive CVD and cerebral hemorrhage. 4. The total sensitivity of urine glucose was 71.6%, and sensitivity of urine glucose in cerebral hemorrhage (81.8%) was more higher than that of occlusive CVD (69.6%). 5. Below 4 years had the highest prevalence(44.8%) in duration of diabetes mellitus. Patients usually used oral hypoglycemic agents(41.8%), insulin injection(23.9%) treatment and non-therapeutic was 17.9% in this study. 6. Predisposing factors and symptoms in admissin were similar to common CVA. The conscious disturbance on attacck was 41.1% in occlusive CVD, and that was 63.7% in cerebral hemorrhage. 7. The most common ratio of the season's attack was spring (44.8%), 8. The frequency of post history was as follows, hypertension (44.8%), heart disease (10.4%), and they were in below 199 mg/dl (83.3%) of fasting blood glucose. 9. The family history of CVA was 46.3%, and they was higher than nondiabetic patients. 10. The recurrence rate of CVA was 28.4%, and that of occlusive CVD(28.6%) was higer than cerebral hemorrhage's (18.2%). 11. The smoker was 52.2%, the drinker was 38.9%. 12. The complications was occured in 10 cases (14.9%) after admission, and they frequently occured than common CVA. 13. In admission, the ratio of systolic blood pressure in over l60mmHg was 42.9%, that of diastolic blood pressure in over l00mmHg was 12.5% in occlusive CVD. In cerebral hemorrhage, the ratio of systolic blood pressure in over l60mmHg was 54.5%, that of diastolic blood pressure in over l00mmHg was 27.3%. 14. The average beginned time of physical theraphy was, generally lated, 8.3 days in occlusive CVD, 11.2 days in cerebral hemorrhage. Average admitted period was longer than common CVA, and was 29.2 days in occlusive CVD, 11.2 days in cerebral hemorrhage. 15. The degree of recovery were 82.1% in occlusive CVD, 72.7% in cerebral hemorrhage. 16. The herb medications were various Sunghyanggeonggisans, Sopungtang, Ganghwalyupungtang, Yanggyuksan etc. were used most frequently, and Yukmijihwangtang, Gamidaebotang, Mangeumtang etc. were used as discharge.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2001

Introduction: Noises in the ear, whether real or imagined, are called tinnitus. Subjective causes of tinnitus(which is heard only by the patient) are extremely common and the majority of them are treated conservatively. For certain individuals their tinnitus is a major handicap; for others a trivial concern. The most common from of subjective tinnitus is a rushing, hissing or buzzing noise; it is frequently associated with sensorineural heanng loss. The patient may be unaware of the hearing loss, especially if it is a high frequency deficit of moderate severity. The character of the tinnitus may give a clue to the etiology. But the patient often has difficulty in explaining his/her tinnitus in absolute terms, as they have no other tinnitus with which to compare it but their own Tinnitus, like pain, is a subjective state and trying to objectively assess the severity is problematic. Audiological techniques to match subjective loudness to machine-produced noise may offer some help, in that sound intensity matches can bear little correspondence to subjective complaint. In spite of many studies, most patients presently seen complaining of tinnitus are told by their doctors that there is no treatment and that they will have to learn to live with this symptom. Objectives: To perform a clinical analysis of tinnitus and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment according to the Byeonjeung(辨證). Subject: We studied 34 patients with complaints of tinnitus who had visited Pundang Cha Oriental Medicine Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology from March 1998 to February 2000. All of them had been treated 2 or 3 times a week with acupuncture treatment and had taken herbs according to the Byeonjeung(辨證) method. It was therefore possible for me to know whether their symptoms improved or not. Parameters Observed and Method: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometimes we gave them moxibustion or negative therapy with bloodletting at the acupuncture points(耳門, 聽宮, 聽會). Parameters Observed 1) Distribution of age & sex 2) Chief complaints 3) The sites of tinnitus 4) The quality of tinnitu 5) The duration of disease 6) The problem induced tinnitus 7) Factors increasing disease severity 8) The classification of the Byeonjeung(辨證) 9) The efficacy of treatments Results: 1. Age and sex distribution: The most common occurrence was found in males in their twenties: 6 males($17.7\%$), and in females in their thirties and over sixty: 8 females($23.5\%$). Total patient numbers for men and women were 20 men($58.8\%$), 14 women ($41.2\%$). 2. The most frequent major complaints were hearing disturbances related to tinnitus; and dizziness with tinnitus; each comprising 10 cases($29.4\%$). There were also 7 patients($20.6\%$) with only tinnitus. 3. Tinnitus sites: 13($38.2\%$) said that they felt tinnitus in both ears, equally. In the right ear, 9($26.5\%$), in the left, 6($17.7\%$). 4. The most frequent descriptive symptoms of tinnitus were: humming, hissing, buzzing etc. 5. The duration of disease. 14cases($41.2\%$) had a duration of less than 1 year. 6. 15cases($44.1\%$) complained that it was hard to watch TV or make a phone call because of tinnitus. 10 cases($29.4\%$) complained about depression. 7. Factors increasing severity of tinnitus: ⅰ) fatigue: 18cases($52.9\%$) ⅱ) stress/ tension: 10 cases($29.4\%$) ⅲ) alcohol and tobacco: 5cases($l4.7\%$) 8. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 19 cases($55.9\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. ⅱ) 15 cases($44.l\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The deficiency of Qi was 7($20.6\%$), deficiency of Xue, 8($23.5\%$) and insufficiency of the Kidney Yin & Yang, 4($11.8\%$). The flare of Liver fire was 8($23.5\%$) and phlegm-fire, 7($20.6\%$), 9. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 17cases($50.0\%$); no real improvement or changes in 13 cases($38.2\%$); and some worsening in 4 cases($11.8\%$). In the group with deficiency in Qi, 4($57.1\%$) improved, 1($14.3\%$) showed no change and 2($28.6\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of deficiency in Xue, 6($75.0\%$) improved, 2($25.0\%$) showed no change. In the cases of insufficiency of Kidney Yin & Yang, 3($75.0\%$) showed no change and 1($25.0\%$) were aggravated. In the group of flare of Liver fire, 4($50.0\%$) improved, 3($37.5\%$) no change and 1($12.5\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of phlegm-fire, 3($42.9\%$) improved, 4($57.1\%$) showed no change. Conclusion: We would recommend that any further studies of tinnitus utilize trial treatments of longer than 2 months duration, as any positive effects observed in our study showed that improvement occurred fairly slowly. And we suggest that this study could be utilized as a reference for clinical Oriental Medical treatment of tinnitus. If we try to apply music or sound therapy treatment properly combined with ours, we expect it to provide psycological stability in addition to inducing masking effects, even though it may not directly decrease or completely remove tinnitus.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Background and Objectives : There are three kinds of formulas for purging the spleen to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sabeetang, Sabeehwan, Sabeesan and Sabeeeum. Another formulas called Sahwangtang, Sahwangsan. Sahwangeum is to purge the yellow colour of spleen. There are 8 kinds of Sabeetang, 3 kinds of Sabeehwan, 3 kinds of Sabeesan, 1 kind of Sabeeeum, 4 kinds of Sahwangtang, 7 kinds of Sahwangsan, and 1 kind of Sahwangeum. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the spleen, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sabeetang for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sabeetang. Methods : This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sabeetang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Rhizoma Coptidis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Fructus Gardeniae (1don;3.75g), No.3 Ramulus Cinnamomi (1don), No.4 Gypsum Fibrosum (1don), No.5 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (1don), No.6 Cortex Magnoliae Omcinalis (1don), and No.7 Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (1don) Results : There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen according to the five elements doctrine : purging the spleen, purging the lung and invigorating the liver. First, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your spleen. There are two available methods, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the bitter taste and the cool property purge the spleen. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with bitter taste. Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, three herbal medicines with the cool property, Gypsum Fibrosum, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your lung which is child in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the lung, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the pungent taste and the warm property purge the lung. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste purgation and warm ones for property purgation. Both pungent and warm herb and property invigoration to invigorate the liver with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both pungent and warm herbal medicines, Ramulus Cinnamomi and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, were combined to invigorate the liver and purge the lung. In addition, Gypsum Fibrosum are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, leading all the herbal medicines composing the formula to the spleen. Conclusions : First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, the methods of purging the spleen and the lung, and invigorating the liver should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sabeetang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

콩과 식물인 갈근에는 genistein과 daidzein이 함유된 것으로 알려졌으므로 본 연구는 갈근(PR), 갈화(PF) 및 어린순인 갈용(PL)에 함유된 phytoestrogen의 함량을 HPLC법으로 정량 분석하였다. 동시에 phytoestrogen의 골다공증 치료제에 대한 효능 검색의 일환으로 조골세포의 증식작용(MTT법 및 ALP분석)과 피골세포의 활성(TRAP법)을 측정하였고 난소절제 흰쥐에 PR 1 g/kg/day(PR-1) 및 PR 5 g/kg/day(PR-5)을 9주 동안 투여한 후 혈액분석, 혈장 Alkaline phospatase(ALP), 칼슘, 무기성 인산염, 총콜레스테롤, LDL- 및 HDL-콜레스테롤을 측정하였고 적출된 경골 및 요추골의 소주골면적을 측정하였다. PR과 PF의 총 daidzein의 함량은 $10436{\pm}2144\;mg/kg$와 $1003{\pm}206\;mg/kg$이었고 genistein과 formononetin은 PR에만 존재하고 PF 및 PL에는 함유되어 있지 않았다. 인간 유사 조골 세포주인 Saos-2에 PR은 대조군의 158% 정도(5 mg/mL)의 세포증식효과와 ALP 활성을 증가시켰으나 전처리한 PR, PF 및 PL의 세포증식효과는 없었고 PL만이 ALP 활성을 증가시켰다. 파골세포의 증식억제실험에서 genistein의 $IC_{50}$는 $1.57{\times}10^{-4}\;mg/mL$ $(5.81{\times}10^{-7}\;M)$이었고, daidzein과 PR은 효과가 없었다. 난소절제 흰쥐에 대한 in vivo 실험에서 대조군이 sham군보다 난소적출 1주 후부터 체중의 증가가 급격하게 나타났으나 PR의 투여로 둔화되었다. PR 투약에 의한 자궁의 무게는 PR-5군은 대조군에 비해 증가되었고(p<0.05), PR-1군은 대조군과 유의성이 없었다. 혈장 ALP의 활성은 주령의 증가에 EK라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 모든 군에서 주령에 따라 감소되었으나(p<0.01), PR-5군의 LDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 대조군에 비해 감소되었다(p<0.01). 대조군에 비해 sham군의 경골 및 요추골의 면적은 증가되었고(p<0.01), PR 투여군(PR-1 및 PR-5)도 sham보다 적으나 대조군에 비해 소주골 면적이 증가되었다(각 p<0.01). 특히 고용량의 PR 투여는 PR의 골다공증 치료효과가 우수함을 증명하였으며(p<0.01), PL과 PF는 효능이 미비하나 PR은 골다공증의 예방 및 치료제로는 상당히 우수한 한약재임이 확인되었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2002

Background: Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a heterogeneous disorder that despite its high prevalence is often undiagnosed. It is characterized by one or more symptoms including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. And it is frequently accompanied by symptoms involving the eyes, ears, and throat, including postnasal drainage. There are many different causes of rhinitis in children and adults. Approximately 50$\%$ of all cases of rhinitis are caused by allergy. In the case of rhinitis caused by allergens, symptoms arise as a result of inflammation induced by a gamma globulin E-mediated immune response to specific allergens such as pollens, molds, animal dander, and dust mites. The immune response involves the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation and recruitment of cells to the nasal mucosa. AR is similar to 鼻？, hypersensitive rhinitis in Oriental Medicine. I think hypersensitive rhinitis is including of AR, vasomotor rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis related with eosinophil increased and so on. Purpose: To perform a clinical analysis of hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment. Objective: We studied 96 patients who had visited our hospital with complaints of nasal symptoms from March 2000 to February 2002; they had the signs more than 2 - nasal obstruction, watery discharge, sneezing and eye or nasal itching. Parameters Observed & Methods: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometime they used aroma oil or external medicine. 1) the distribution of sex & age groups 2) the clinical type based on duration & the severity of symptom 3) the breakdown of complication & pasl history of Otolaryngologic or allergic disease 4) the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis(sneezers and runners & blockers) 5) the associated symptoms and signs 6) the classification of Byeonjeung 7) the classification of prescriptions and 8) the efficacy of treatment. Result: 1. In the clinical type of based on duration, the intermittent type was 42.7$\%$ and the persistent was 57.3$\%$. 2. We observed the severity of symptoms based on the quality of life. The mild type was 24.0$\%$ and the moderate-severe was 76.0$\%$. 3. In the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis, the sneezers and runners type was 69.8$\%$ and the blockers was 30.2$\%$. 4. The most common family history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were allergic rhinitis(17.7$\%$), urticaria, paranasal sinusitis and T.B.(3.1$\%$). 5. The most common past history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were paranasal sinusitis(14.6$\%$), atopic dermatitis and asthma(8.3$\%$). It was 31.3$\%$ they had a family history and 44.8$\%$, past history. 6. The most common complication was paranasal sinusitis(15.6$\%$). In decreasing order the others were otitis media with effusion(9.4$\%$), GERD and headache(6.3$\%$), asthma, bronchitis, nasal bleeding and allergic dermatitis(5.2$\%$). 7. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 39 cases(34.9$\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. The insuffficiency of Qi was 17.7$\%$, deficiency of Kidney-Yang, 12.5$\%$ and Lung-Cold, 10.4$\%$. ⅱ) 57 cases(59.4$\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The Fever of YangMing-meridian was 35.4$\%$, Lung-Fever, 24.0$\%$. 8. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 22cases(22.9$\%$); an improvement partly in 24 cases(25.0$\%$); no real improvement or changes in 16 cases(16.7$\%$); and couldn't check the results 18cases(18.6$\%$). Conclusion: We suggest that this study could be utilized as a standard of clinical Oriental Medical treatment when we treat hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.32-51
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• 2016

한국고전번역원 DB자료에 근거하여 전통주택 관련 '집경제영시(集景題詠詩)'를 통해 본 정원의 식물요소와 상징성, 그리고 조경문화를 추적한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '집경제영시'는 고려중기에 유입되어 지속적으로 창작되었는데, 주로 문신의 길을 택한 상류계층에 의해 향유되었다. 총 165책에서 주택정원을 대상으로 25책의 33제영시가 추출되었는데, 최초로 관련 제영시를 남긴 인물은 고려후기의 문신 이규보(1168~1241)로 판단된다. 그는 '퇴식재팔영', '가분중육영', 그리고 '가포육영' 등 경물소재의 확장과 영물시를 팔경시로 대입하여 향유문화의 다양화에 기여한 최초의 인물이라 하겠다. 둘째, 제영시 표제는 사랑채 당호가 많이 활용되었으며, 경물은 8영(詠)이 전체 33개소 중 19개소(57.5%)였으며, 4영, 6영, 10영, 14영, 15영, 16영, 36영 등의 빈도순으로 제영되었다. 제영에는 소상팔경류의 전형성을 벗어나 (1)경물명 중심 (2)지명과 경관명의 결합 (3)경관명 중심으로 차별화 되는 양상을 보인다. 셋째, 소표제는 (1)자연 및 정원식물 중심의 자연경관소재(22개소, 66.7%)가 주를 이루었고 (2)사랑채 건물 및 연못과 정자 등 조경시설 중심의 인문경관소재(3개소) (3)자연 속에서 행해지는 인간의 행위요소 중심의 복합 문화경관소재(8개소) 유형으로 구분된다. 이러한 양상은 정원식물의 심미적 취향, 실경을 뛰어넘어 관념화된 경물을 향유하며 주목받지 못했던 채소류와 약초류에도 관심을 두는 정감 표출로 이어진다. 넷째, 정원식물은 상록수(4종)에 비해 낙엽수의 개체수(17종) 비중(80.9%)이 월등히 높았다. 이러한 양상은 서유구(1764~1845)의 '임원경제지'에 수록된 상록수 18종(21.2%) : 낙엽수 67종(78.8%)의 비율, 그리고 선행연구[변우혁(1976), 정동오(1977), 이선(2006) 등]와 유사한 결과이다. 다섯째, 정원식물의 출현빈도는 매화(14회), 대나무(14회), 소나무(11회), 연(11회), 국화 10회, 버드나무(5회), 석류(4회), 단풍나무(3회), 오동나무, 배롱나무, 밤나무, 모란, 파초, 갈대, 맨드라미(각각 2회) 등이었다. 즉, 의미론적으로 (1)유교적 규범(소나무, 측백, 매화, 국화, 대나무, 연꽃 등) (2)안빈낙도의 생활철학(국화, 버드나무) (3)은일사상과 태평성대 희구(오동나무, 대나무 등) 관련 상징식물의 도입이 상대적으로 높은 출현빈도를 보였다. 여섯째, 안뜰과 바깥뜰, 채원과 약포, 그리고 사랑뜰 화분에 도입된 식물류 추적이 가능하였다. 즉, 안뜰에는 심미적 취향을 뛰어넘어 문화경관으로 승화시킨 상징식물의 도입, 채원과 약포에는 채소류, 과실수, 약용식물의 이용후생적 도입 양상이 뚜렷하며, 사랑뜰에 화분을 놓아 완상한 석창포, 석류화, 서상화, 국화, 대나무, 연꽃, 매화 등을 도출할 수 있었다. 일곱째, 정자, 연못, 계류, 분경(盆景), 괴석, 후원(後園), 과원(菓園), 약포(藥圃), 화오(花塢), 국리(菊籬), 범주(泛舟), 조어(釣魚), 계음(?飮), 탁족, 간화(看花), 행림(杏林), 도원(桃源), 무송(撫松), 설중매, 상국(霜菊) 등의 시어(詩語)를 통해 조경소재와 관련한 정원 문화의 향유 양상을 추적할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.56-71
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• 1999

1. In the recohnition of cosmos true form, It is compared to the Boundless(無極) the Great Absolute(太極),Yin and Yang(兩儀) throungh the fertilazation process of spermatozoon and ovum. 2. It is explained that principle of unchange through the Form and Action(體 用) relation of the outer appearances and Number (象數) with matching the number of nine and ten to HaDoo(河圖) and RakSye(洛書). 3. Eigth divinations(八卦) being compared to the human body, Care presevation of pregnancy(養胎) is explained that head forms firstly(Gun-I 1乾一), secondly lung(Tae-E 兌二), heart(E-Sam 離三), liver(Jin-Sa 震四), gall bladder(Son-Oo 巽五), kidney(Gam-Yuk 坎六), intestines and stomach(Gan-Chill 艮七), lastly flesh forms(Gon-Pal 坤八). 4. It is explained that process of physiological change of $\ll$Nei Ching The Natural Truth in Ancient Times$\gg$(內經 上古天眞論) by matching boy at the age of 8 to Gan-divination(艮卦), and girl at the age of 7 to Tae-divination(兌卦). 5. The theory of six sons from Gun-Gon(乾坤六子論) is explained by relation of Apriority Eight-divination(先天八卦) obedience and disobedience-left and right. 6. It is explained that form of the human-body and the relationship of the Heart - the Kidney through the Gam(坎) Li(離) - divination 7. The effort of interpretating time and space of the Twelve Horary signs is explanined by season, direction, Five elements(五行), rise and decline, the Three Sum(三合), the Six Sum (六合), the six crash(六衡)'s relation. 8. the process of change from apriority(先天) to postery(後天) in the book of Changes(周易) is explanined by comparing to the phenomenum of nature and the human body. 9. The Energy Satus(氣位) are different from the direction of Eight-divination(八卦) and the properties of the good or bad of herb-drugs are differnt from the place of production. 10. The rightness of realizating the Overlapping-divinations(重卦) are compared to the phenomenum of nature through the Divination Virture(卦德). 11. The dependence-relations of The Twelve Meridians(十二經脈) are explained by-matching January with liver meridian, February with gall bladder meridian, march with heart pericardium meridiam, April with small intestine meridkan, August with lung spleen meridian, jury with stomach meridian, August with lung meridian, September with large intestine meridian, October with urinary bladder meridianm November with kidney meridian. December with triple energizer meridian throng The Twelve Byuk-divination. 12. The process of menstration cycle is explained by The Month symbolizing-divination(月候卦). 13. Through The Trade(交易) prove the reason of feverish sympotoms to use feverish Drug, mill sympotoms to use mill drug of prescription and Heart-Kidneys Consensus(心賢相交) and through The Change(變易), prove the chill and feverish consensus of forechill after feverish, fore feverish after chill and through. The Non-Change(不易) explain the reason of chill sympotoms to use feverish drug, feverish sympotoms to use chill drug of prscription. 14. Ho-divination(互卦) applicate Jxa Sa(佐使) herb drug match of Kun Sin Jwa Sa() theory. 15. According to the Hyo-position(爻位) match the ages, body form and drug by matching Ehight-divination(八卦) to the human body form and function in medicine and the book of Changes(周易) application emphasize the human body Ehight-divination(人身八卦). 16. Throgh the Order-divination(序卦) explain the rightness of Divination Image(卦象) arrangement and all things take shape by cosmo-energy conseusus(宇宙氣交). 17. Throgh the Mixing-divination(難卦) supply the vacancy of medicine and the book of Changes(周易) relationship in the foreword explian the human energy movements, sleep, vomitting, the energy arrival(逮氣), heart pericardium(心包), lung membrane(肺膜) etc.... Like the above sentence medicine and the book of Changes(周易) theory of scholar Tang on the viewpoint of easten-the way Western appliance(東道西器) researching abyss of medicine impart to descendants, so I think that the achievement of medicine and the book of Changes(周易) study is very excellant and I expect that the study Korean Oriental Medicine(韓醫學) theory by means of medicine the book of Changes(周易) reference, will be accelarated.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2009

기호성과 품질성이 우수한 전통부각을 개발하기 위하여 천연색소 함유 농산물과 유산균을 이용한 발효약초부각의 공정개발과 그 품질특성을 조사하였다. 약초부각의 탈유율은 정치 3.5%나 타봉 8.9%에 비하여 원심력이 약 37.6%로서 효과적이었다(p<0.05). 환원력은 부재료 추출물의 농도에 비례적으로 증가하였으며, 녹차는 다른 추출물에 비하여 유의적 차이가 크게 나타났으며, $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 0.97로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). DPPH 자유라디칼 소거능은 $50{\mu}g/mL$에서 녹차가 83.84%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 울금 39.48%, 흑미 28.45%와 복분자 22.25% 순이었다(p<0.05). 산가는 $60^{\circ}C$로 7일간 고온저장한 녹차와 복분자 발효약초부각이 각각 1.82, 2.03%였으며, 14일까지는 울금과 복분자 발효약초부각이 7.24, 7.67%로 효과적이었다(p<0.05). Hardness값은 흑미와 울금을 제외한 발효약초부각은 250.62 이하로 아주 낮았으며, 유산균발효 공정은 $2{\sim}3$배의 조직감 개선에 효과적이었다. 발효약초부각의 탄수화물과 단백질은 $56.8{\sim}64.6%$, $6.8{\sim}$8.7%이었고, 지방은 울금과 녹차 발효약초부각이 각각 22.1, 24.8%로 비교적 낮은 함량이었으며, 열량은 울금이 487 Kcal로 가장 낮았다.