• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

Objectives : We hypothesized that reinforcing-reducing manipulations produce different effects by quantity of stimulation, and examined whether the difference is statistically significant or not. Methods : The study was conducted to the students of College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University. We needled into $ST_{36}$ and applied 6 kinds of basic reinforcing-reducing manipulations in Huang di nei jing by randomized sequence. And we had the students to fill up the questionnaire in form of visual analog scale(VAS). We examined whether significant differences in VAS existed between reinforcing-reducing manipulations(by t-test). And we examined whether significant differences in VDRRT(VAS difference between reinforcing-reducing technique) values existed along the gender, body mass index(BMI), age(by t-test), and psychological sensitivity(by ANOVA). Results : 1. The total stimulation quantity from reducing technique was significantly higher than that from reinforcing technique. Individually VAS values of reducing techniques were significantly higher in rotation, slow-rapid, lift-thrust, respiration and open-close manipulation. 2. The highest stimulation quantity was from rotation manipulation. And the highest VDRRT value was from slow-rapid manipulation. 3. When VDRRT values were analyzed by gender, age, BMI, and psychological sensitivity, VDRRT was significantly different by BMI in rotation manipulation, and by psychological sensitivity in rotation, lift-thrust, and slow-rapid manipulation. Conclusions : We could verify that reinforcing-reducing techniques induce different therapeutic effects by different quantities of stimulations. It suggests that reinforcing-reducing techniques could be applied universally, regardless of gender or age. Further studies are needed to consider control group, or patient groups in characteristic conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UA) to inhibit nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Using an in vitro test, the synoviocytes picked out from the experimental CIA mice were subcultured. The synoviocyte cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 1 hour prior to the addition of indicated concentrations($0.4\;-\;1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of UA, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The in vivo test, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 production and apoptosis was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The PMA-induced $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK), iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependently decreased in UA treated synoviocytes. Using the in vivo test, the number of eosinophils in mice treated with UA noticeably decreased in the the CIA group(P<0.05 using student t test). In mice treated with UA, there was less cartilage erosion. less bone destruction, mild synovial hyperplasia, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis with less MIP-2 production. By immunohistochemical staining, suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS production, inhibition of COX-2 production, inhibition of VCAM-1 production and inducing apoptosis were observed. Conclusions : These results suggest that UA might be applicable to the therapy of RA to suppress $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.152-157
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Korean medical therapy in patients with functional dyspepsia evaluted using multi-channel electrogastrography. Before the treatment, the EGG of 14 outpatients (male 3, female 11) with functional dyspepsia were recorded and their dominant frequency(DF), percentage of gastric slow waves, percentage of Power ratio, and percentage of slow wave couplings were analysed. For 8 weeks, the patients received acupuncture treatment. After 8 weeks, EGG was rechecked and compared with the previous data. After treatment, normogastria was significantly increased in channel 1 and channel 3($53.70{\pm}18.94$% vs $72.64{\pm}15.49$% in channel 1, P<0.05; $79.74{\pm}18.09$ vs $90.86{\pm}8.86$ in channel 3, P<0.05). arrythmia was significantly decreased in channel 3($14.34{\pm}15.21$ vs $5.93{\pm}6.90$, P<0.05). The patients who had less severe decrease in EGG indexes showed improvement of those indexes through 8 weeks of outpatient care. EGG channel 3 was shown to be the most adequate standard of evaluation. But there was no significant improvement in slow wave coupling rate which is a new index of multichannel EGG.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moxibustion with various scales on symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Methods : Subjects were voluntarily recruited by newspapers and internet. All the subjects are confirmed as idiopathic parkinson's disease by a neurologist. The moxibustion therapy was performed 5 times a week by patient's family at home and once a week by oriental medical doctor at hospital. Moxibustion points were GV2O, CV12, ST36, BL18, BL2O. Intensity was up to pain threshold according to patients not to get burned. The patient's symptoms were assessed before, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks treatment by unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage, Schwab & England activity of daily living and freezing of gait questionnaire(FOGQ). Results : Total UPDRS scores were significantly improved after 4 weeks(p<0.01) and after 8 weeks(p<0.01) compared to the pre-treatment. There were significant changes in H-Y stage after 4 weeks(p<0.05), but there were no significant changes in H-Y stage after 8 weeks. The scores of ADL were not significantly improved after 4 weeks(p>0.05) and after 8 weeks(p>0.05). There were significant changes in FOGQ scale after 4 weeks(p=0.05) and but there were no significant changes in FOGQ scale after 8 weeks(p=0.13). Conclusion : This study suggests that moxibustion treatments can be applicable to improve symptoms in the patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the traditional diet therapies for the period of postpartum recovery and lactation and to develop modern postpartum recovery foods. Korean traditional medical treatment for postpartum care focused on treating postpartum obesity, edema, agalactia was studied. Methods : We investigated the documents recorded in the medical classics of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集 成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" published in 1433, 1613 and 1885 respectively in the Joseon Dynasty. Results : First, Radix Angelicae Sinensis was most frequently used to treat the postpartum obesity, and a lot of nourishing herbs including Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong were also used. Second, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalase, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens were used to treat the postpartum edema. Third, Radix Rhapontici, Medulla Tetrapanacis, Fructus Trichosanthis etc. were used to treat the postpartum agalactia. Conclusions : Consequently, we hope this study on the prescriptions and herbs for gynecology in "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" will provide knowledge for diet therapy model development of postpartum care of the modern times.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.97-107
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• 2006

From the study on the relation of voice and O-jang(五臟廳), the conclusion is as follows. The function of breathing out in larynx is involved with lung and kidney. Lung press out the air, at the same time, kidney supports that to maintenance the density of air constantly. So the person who has short breathing can not make strong voice, and also if having a weak kidney in upper Cho[下蕉], their voice will be changed so very softly to cannot make hard type of voice and lingering sounds. Opening and Closing of vocal cords are controled by liver and spleen. when vocal cords are contracted, liver makes tension, whereas spleen does in slackness. So liver is likely to make high-piched sounds in tension of vocal cords, and spleen is the same to do smoothy and husky sounds through relaxing the vocal cords. In the rising condition of liver function, the temp of speech become fast, and more the pronunciation is clearer, it means that the function of thinking by spleen is operated well. Otherwise, indistinct pronunciation means that in the body seup-sa(濕邪) spreads. Also depression of emotion in speech often makes Gi(氣) of heart weaker, whereas it means regular condition of heart including Simpo(心包) that expression of emotion looks happy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2011

Fatty liver disease refers to a range of disorders associated with fatty liver, which occur in excessive eating, evident infection or significant consumption of alcohol. This study was to investigate the effects of water and ethanol extracts of Triticum aestivum young leaf on lipid metabolism and accumulation in liver of mice fed with high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet group, high fat diet (HFD) group, high fat diet group administrated with 200 mg/kg/day of T. aestivum water extract (HFD-TAWE) and high-fat group administrated with 200 mg/kg/day of T. aestivum ethanol extract (HFD-TAEE). TAWE and TAEE were administrated orally for 5 weeks once at the same time point. Both TAWE and TAEE significantly reduced body weight, food intake and liver tissue weight, which were augmented in high fat-fed mice. The serum levels of triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol also were significantly attenuated in both HFD-TAWE and HFD-TAEE groups compared to the HFD group. Moreover, administration of HFD-TAWE or HFD-TAEE reduced the lipid accumulation in liver tissue of mice fed with high fat diet. Levels of total lipids and triglyceride in liver tissues also was significantly reduced in HFDTAWE and HFD-TAEE groups compared to HFD group. The activities of serum ALT and AST revealed in HFD group were remarkedly decreased in HFD-TAEE groups. These results indicate that both water and ethanol extract of T. aestivum may improve the lipid accumulation in liver as well as lipid metabolism in serum, and that in particular, the ethanol extract of T. aestivum may has the potent anti-hyperlipidemic effect, suggesting that it may be a useful candidate for the therapy preventing fatty liver diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.74-85
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• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.145-159
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• 2015

Objective : In the previous study, co-administration of Gongjindan-gamibang (GJD) with sorafenib increased oral bioavailability of sorafenib through augment the absorption, therefore, the effects of GJD co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib were observed after single and 7-day repeated oral co-administration with 3.5 hr-intervals in the present study. Method : After 50 mg/kg of sorafenib treatment, GJD 100 mg/kg was administered with 3.5 hr-intervals. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of first and last 7th sorafenib treatment, and plasma concentrations of sorafenib were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of sorafenib ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with sorafenib single administered rats. Results : GJD markedly inhibited the absorption of sorafenib, from 1 hr to 24 hrs after end of first 3.5 hr-interval co-administration, the $C_{max}$ (-43.27%), $AUC_{0-t}$ (-56.29%) and $AUC_{0-inf}$ (-66.70%) of sorafenib in co-administered rats were dramatically decreased as compared with sorafenib single treated rats. However, GJD significantly increased the absorption of sorafenib, from 4 hr to 8 hrs after end of last 7th 3.5 hr-interval co-administration, the $AUC_{0-t}$ (34.08%) and $AUC_{0-inf}$ (37.31%) of sorafenib in co-administered rats were dramatically increased as compared with sorafenib single treated rats. Conclusion : Although GJD decreased the oral bioavailability of sorafenib through inhibition of gastrointestinal absorptions after end of first 3.5 hr-interval co-administration, it is observed that GJD increases the oral bioavailability of sorafenib as facilitated the absorption after end of last 7th repeated co-administration. Hence, the co-administration of GJD and sorafenib should be avoided in the combination therapy of sorafenib with GJD on anticancer therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1991

Clinical study on the 114 facial paralysis patients, visited Won Kwang University Oriental Medical Hospital in Kwang ju from July 1990 to Jun 1991, was carried out. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Prevalence was almost same in both sexes and high in the age of 3 and 4 decades but distributed in an age group. 2. Majority of the patients were nomotensive, which meant blood pressure did not affect the incidence. 3. The incidence distributed in every occupations but high in housewife as 37 cases ($32\%$) and decreased gradually in office employee, labor worker, student and merchant in order. 4. Overwork, wind and cold, emotional stress, and numerous implicated agents were etiological factor. 5. The paralysis mostly occured in summer and winter as 40($35\%$) and 37 cases($32\%$) respectively, 18($16\%$) and 19cases($17\%$) were recorded respectively in spring and autumn. 6. The majority of patients showed only facial muscle paralysis without other complications, whose cure rate was $60\%$ (47 cases). The patients with auditory impairment or taste loss was less common and cure rate was low. 7. The number of the patients with migraine or mastoid pain was 81($71\%$), which was more than 33 patients($29\%$) with such pain. The cure rate was high in the patients without migraine than with migraine as a raito of 64 to $46\%$. 8. Most of duration from attack to admission were in a week as 86 cases($75\%$) and the patients with duration over 4 weeks 11 cases($10\%$). The cure rate of the patients in a week, was 54 cases($60\%$) and the patients over 4 weeks was none($0\%$), which meant shorter the duration was, the beter the result was. 9. Response on electro acupuncture on initiating therapy showed good in 39 cases($34\%$) the majority group, moderate in 37 cases, exellent in 29 cases and poor in 5 cases. 10. The results of treatment were as follows : asymptomatic in 58 cases($51\%$), improved n 40cases($35\%$), effective in 10 cases($9\%$) and ineffective in 6 cases($5\%$). 11. Cure rate according to the response on electro acupuncture showed $72\%$ in exellent group, $59\%$ in good group, $27\%$ in moderate groop, and $0\%$ in poor group. These show the better the response on the electro-acupuncture is, the higher the cure rate is, which will be able to indicate the prognosis of facial paralysis.