• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2004

A few studies have shown that the function of fusiform face area is selectively involved in the perception of faces including a race difference. We investigated the neural substrates of the face-selective region called fusiform face area In the ventral occipital-temporal cortex and same-race memory superiority In the fusiform face area by the event-related fMRI. In our fMRI study, twelve healthy subjects (Oriental-Korean) performed the implicit distinction of the race while they consciously made familiar-judgments, regardless of whether they considered a face as Oriental-Korean or European-American. In the race distinction as an implicit task, the fusiform face areas (FFA) and the right parahippocampal gyrus had a greater response to the presentation of Oriental-Korean than European-American faces, but in the consciously race distinction between Oriental-Korean and European-American faces, any significant difference in the FFA was not observed. These results suggest that different activation in the fusiform regions and right parahippocampal gyrus resulting from same-race memory superiority could be implicitly taken place by the physiological processes of face recognition.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution. Using the methods of this study, it will improve to classificate Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 1) Automatic feature extraction of human frontal faces for Sasang Constitution classification. 2) Color feature extraction of human frontal faces (1)Erosion filtering (skin-white, the other-black) (2) Median median 3. Results and Conclusions Observing a person's shape has been the major method for Sasang Constitution classification, which usually has been dependent upon doctor's intuition as of these days. We are developing an automatic system which provides objective basic data for Sasang Constitution classification. For this, in this paper, firstly, the signal processing techniques are applied to automatic feature extraction of human frontal faces for Sasang Constitution classification. The experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2004

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

Objective : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of Kinesio taping on pain of Left hip joint. Methods : A 35-year-old, female patient who suffers from pain of left hip joint by brain tumor was treated by Kinesio taping therapy. The improvement of the patient's pain of left hip joint was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Faces Pain Rating Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire(MPQ), and Pain Rating Score(PRS). Result : During the 9 days with Kinesio taping, VAS and Pain Rating Scale were decreased slightly. But Faces Pain Rating Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire showed no change. Conclusions : The result suggests that Kinesio Taping was effective treatment to pain but not intensive. Further study is needed to evaluate the significancy of this report.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-46
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• 2000

Pain can be evaluated by experimental methods and clinical methods, but due to subjective characteristics of pain, clinical methods are generally used. The clinical pain measurement tools are divided into unidimensional and multidimensional assessment tools. The former include Visual Analogue Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, Pain Faces Scale, and Poker Chip Tool and the latter include McGill Pain Questionnaire, MMPI, Pain Behavior Scale, Pain disability index, and Pain Rating Scale. Unidimensional pain scales mainly measure the intensity of pain on the basis of the patient's self report and their simple construction and ease of use enable the invesgator to assess acute pain. Multidimensional pain scales are used to evaluate subjective, psychological and behavioral aspects of pain and because of its comprehensive and confidential properties they are applied to chronic pain. Patient's linguistic and cognitive abilities are major factors to restrain accurate assessment of pain. Although behavioral patterns and vital sign are inferior to self-report in the measurement of pain, they can be useful indexes in those situations. When deciding on a pain-assessment tool, the investigator must determine which aspect of pain he or she wishes to evaluate on the characteristics of the group of patients, their backgrounds, and their communication skills. Making the proper choice will facilitate the acquisition of meaningful data and the formulation of valid conclusions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

A few studies have shown that the function of fusiform face area is selectively involved in the perception of faces including a race difference. We investigated the neural substrates of the face-selective region called fusiform face area in the ventral occipital-temporal cortex and same-race memory superiority in the fusiform face area by the event-related fMRI. In our fMRI study, subjects (Oriental-Korean) performed the implicit distinction of the race while they consciously made familiar-judgments, regardless of whether they considered a face as Oriental-Korean or European-American. For race distinction as an implicit task, the fusiform face areas (FFA) and the right parahippocampal gyrus had a greater response to the presentation of Oriental-Korean faces than for the European-American faces, but in the conscious race distinction between Oriental-Korean and European-American faces, there was no significant difference observed in the FFA. These results suggest that different activation in the fusiform regions and right parahippocampal gyrus resulting from superiority of same-race memory could have implicitly taken place by the physiological processes of face recognition.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06c
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• pp.173-176
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• 2002

This paper describes an implementation of fast face detection algorithm. This algorithm can robustly detect human faces with unknown sizes and positions in complex backgrounds. This paper provides a powerful face detection algorithm using skin color segmenting. Skin Color is modeled by a Gaussian distribution in the HSI color space among different persons within the same race, Oriental. The main feature of the Algorithm is achieved face detection robust to illumination changes and a simple adaptive thresholding technique for skin color segmentation is employed to achieve robust face detection.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to introduce pain measurement tools that are considered suitable for clinical practice and research for Korean Medicine Doctors. Methods : We analysed some widely used and also useful pain measurement tools in terms of their methods and dimensions. Results : Diagrams, scales and questions are usually used to measure pain intensity, temporal pattern, treatment including exacerbating and/or relieving factors, pain location, pain interference, pain quality, pain affect, pain duration, pain beliefs and pain history. Specific pain measurements are also available for specific conditions such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index. Conclusions : Faces Pain Rating Scale, numeric rating scale, visual analogue scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory and commonly used pain measurements. Specific measurements should be considered depending on research topics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

1. Objective : This study aimed to know the concordance coefficient and diagnostic trend of 6 Sasang constitution diagnosis factors among experts, which are important to diagnose Sasang constitution. 2. Methods : We suggested each 100 cases containing body shape, face, temperament, physiological and pathological symptom and constitutional drug response to 2 groups experts, and researched expert opinions. We analyzed concordance coefficient with Kendall's coefficient of concordance W. 3. Results : 1) Experts agreed with 167(82.5%) diagnosis results of cases, but there were 33 cases(17.5%), with which even one expert disagreed 2) The concordance of priority order of Sasang constitutional factors was significantly associated within expert. 3) Experts put the priority concordance to drug response and Face, body shape, voice and Pathological and physiological symptoms in order. 4) In case by case, concordance coefficient was 47(55.9%) in group 1, 9(10.8%) in group 2, 56 (33.5%) in total. 4. Conclusions : Experts made much account of drug responses and faces in diagnosing Sasang constitution. but there were different opinions in concordance coefficient. So Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Guideline is necessary to integrate experts opinions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.105-129
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• 2004

Methods: It was studied on the 47 kinds of oriental medical literature for fecal blood. Results: Fecal blood means bleeding with faces from anus and indicates all the three cases such as blooding before and after evacuation, evacuation of feces mixed with blood, and simple melena. The main causes are fire(火) and deficiency of spleen qi (脾氣虛). According to the color of fecal blood and the region of the bleeding, first, if the blood color is dark-red and blood discharges after emptying the bowels, it is called deposited poison into Jang(臟毒) or distant bleeding(遠血), and if the color of blood is clear and bowel emptying occurs after bleeding, it is bloody stool due to intestinal wind(腸風) or nearby bleeding(近血). For treating methods(治法). removing heat from the blood and stopping bleeding(淸熱凉血止血), removing dampness and stopping bleeding(淸熱除濕止血), invigorating Ki for promoting Hul-controJ(益氣攝血), warming the spleen and stomach to dispel cold and stopping bleeding(溫中散寒止血) etc are applied. As for the treating prescriptionl(治法), a Hwangtotang(黃土湯). Jeoksodudanggwitang(赤小豆當歸散). Gwihwasan(槐花散). Wipungtang(胃風湯). Hwangnyeonhwan modifying(黃連丸加減). Samultang modifying(四物湯加減). Paedoksan modifying(敗毒散加減) etc are used. As for acupuncture and moxibustion(鍼灸療法). if etiology(病因) is damp-heat(濕熱), acupuncture(刺鍼) at Janggang(長强); Charyo(BL 32); Sangeoheo(ST 37)(上巨虛); Seungsan(BL 57)(承山穴), and in case of deficiency of spleen Gi(脾氣虛), acupunture(刺鍼) with tonification(補法) at I Baek(EX-UE 2)(二白); Gwanwon(CC 4)(關元); Joksamni(ST 36)(足三里) Taebaek(SP 3)(太白); Hoeeum(CC 1)(會陰穴), or mxibuston(灸) at Baekoe(GC 2O)(百會); Myeongmun9GC (命門) or the point of opposite to umbilicus among spinal vertebrae(脊中對臍穴) are used. The external treatment(外治療法) was consisted of plastering umbilicus therapy(敷臍法) and enema therapy(灌腸法).