• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

To search for cytotoxic components from Allium victoriallis , MTT assays on each extract and an isolated component, gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside, were performed against cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicities of most extract were shown to be comparatively weak, though $IC_50$ values of $CHCl_3$fraction was found to be <31.3-368.4 $\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. From the incubated methanol extract at $36^{\circ}C, eleven kinds of organosulfuric flavours were predictable by CG-MS performance. The most abundant peak was revealed to be 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin(1) by its mass spectrum. Further, this extract showed significant cytotoxicities toward cancer cell lies. Silica gel column chromatography of the n-butanol fraction led to the isolation of gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside (3) along with astragalin (4) and kaempferol 3, 4'-di-O-$\beta$-D-glycoside (5). This steroidal saponin exhibited significant cytotoxic activities ($IC_50$, 6.51-36.5 $\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) over several cancer cell lines. When compound 3 was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, a major metabolite was produced and then isolated by silica gel column chromatography. By examining parent and prominent ion peak in FAB-MS spectrum of the metabolite, the structure was speculated not to be any of prosapogenins of 3, suggesting that spiroketal ring were labile to the bacterial reaction. These suggest that disulfides produced secondarily are the antitumor principles.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 산마늘을 산지별로, 그리고 부위별로 총아미노산 및 유리아미노산의 함량을 비교하고, 휘발성 유황화합물과 사포닌의 함량을 서로 비교하였을 때 그 이용목적에 따라 산지별로, 부위별로 각각 품질평가는 달라질 수 있음을 나타내었다. 즉, 아미노산을 이용하기 위해서는 이 식물의 지하부를 이용하는 것이 지상부를 이용하는 것 보다 훨씬 좋을 것으로 평가되었고 산지별로는 울릉도산의 지하부가 가장 많이 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 산지별로 유리아미노산이나 총아미노산의 양이 크게 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 아미노산 중에서도 arginine, glutamine 및 asparagine 등은 다른 아미노산종에 비하여 현저히 많은 양을 함유함을 밝혔다. 그리고, 유황화합물의 경우에는 내륙종인 오대산산이나 지리산산의 것이 해양적 지리조건의 울릉도산에 비하여 현저히 많은 양을 함유하였음을 밝혔다. 내륙종은 지상부에 이들 화합물을 많이 함유하였으나 울릉도산은 지하부가 더 많이 이들을 함유하였다. 마지막으로, 사포닌 성분의 경우에는 지하부가 지상부보다 훨씬 많은 양을 함유하였고 그 순서는 울릉도산, 지리산산, 오대산산이었다. 오대산산은 다른 두 산지의 것보다 현저히 적은 양을 함유하였다. 산마늘 MeOH 추출물의 n-BuOH 분획의 양은 사포닌의 함량을 잘 방영하지 못하였는데 이는 이 분획에 저자 등이 구명한 allivicin 등 flavonol 배당체 등의 함유량의 차이에 일부 기인할 것으로 추측된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.175-192
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• 2006

Screening for the cytotoxicity from plant origin is the first stage for anti-cancer drug development. A variety of terpenoids with exomethylene, epoxide, allyl, $\alpha,\beta-unsaturated$ carbonyl, acetylenes, and $\alpha-methylene-\gamma-lactone$ induces apoptosis and/or differentiation as well as cytotoxicity through the ROS signal transduction pathways. These are found among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, diarylheptanoids, and even organosulfuric compounds. The most essential characteristics of natural cytotoxic substances is to possess the strong electrophilicity that is susceptible to nucleophilic biomolecules in the cell. Thiol-reductants and superoxide dismutase can block or delay apoptosis. Thus, ROS and the resulting cellular redox-potential changes can be parts of the signal transduction pathway during apoptosis. Disturbance of the balance of oxireduction by the pigment of natural quinones also caused the induction of the differentiation and apoptosis. Saponins with the cytotoxicity are restricted to their monodesmosides, rather than to bisdesmosides. Those saponins exhibited calcium ion-mediated apoptosis in addition to cytotoxicity whereas they showed also differentiation without extracellular calcium ion. The properties on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and differentiation were assumed to depend on resultant oxidative stress to the cells. In this review, we describe a spectrum of cytotoxic compounds with various action mechanisms.