• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-42
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• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2010

The emergence of the field of organizational buying behavior in the mid-1960’s with the publication of Industrial Buying and Creative Marketing (1967) set the stage for a new paradigm of thinking about how business was conducted in markets other than those serving ultimate consumers. Whether it is "industrial marketing" or "business-to-business marketing" (B-to-B), organizational buying behavior remains the core differentiating characteristic of this domain of marketing. This paper explores the impact of several dynamic factors that have influenced how organizations relate to one another in a rapidly increasing interdependence, which in turn can impact organizational buying behavior. The paper also raises the question of whether or not the major conceptual models of organizational buying behavior in an interdependent world are still relevant to guide research and managerial thinking, in this dynamic business environment. The paper is structured to explore three questions related to organizational interdependencies: 1. What are the factors and trends driving the emergence of organizational interdependencies? 2. Will the major conceptual models of organizational buying behavior that have developed over the past half century be applicable in a world of interdependent organizations? 3. What are the implications of organizational interdependencies on the research and practice of organizational buying behavior? Consideration of the factors and trends driving organizational interdependencies revealed five critical drivers in the relationships among organizations that can impact their purchasing behavior: Accelerating Globalization, Flattening Networks of Organizations, Disrupting Value Chains, Intensifying Government Involvement, and Continuously Fragmenting Customer Needs. These five interlinked drivers of interdependency and their underlying technological advances can alter the relationships within and among organizations that buy products and services to remain competitive in their markets. Viewed in the context of a customer driven marketing strategy, these forces affect three levels of strategy development: (1) evolving customer needs, (2) the resulting product/service/solution offerings to meet these needs, and (3) the organization competencies and processes required to develop and implement the offerings to meet needs. The five drivers of interdependency among organizations do not necessarily operate independently in their impact on how organizations buy. They can interact with each other and become even more potent in their impact on organizational buying behavior. For example, accelerating globalization may influence the emergence of additional networks that further disrupt traditional value chain relationships, thereby changing how organizations purchase products and services. Increased government involvement in business operations in one country may increase costs of doing business and therefore drive firms to seek low cost sources in emerging markets in other countries. This can reduce employment opportunitiesn one country and increase them in another, further accelerating the pace of globalization. The second major question in the paper is what impact these drivers of interdependencies have had on the core conceptual models of organizational buying behavior. Consider the three enduring conceptual models developed in the Industrial Buying and Creative Marketing and Organizational Buying Behavior books: the organizational buying process, the buying center, and the buying situation. A review of these core models of organizational buying behavior, as originally conceptualized, shows they are still valid and not likely to change with the increasingly intense drivers of interdependency among organizations. What will change however is the way in which buyers and sellers interact under conditions of interdependency. For example, increased interdependencies can lead to increased opportunities for collaboration as well as conflict between buying and selling organizations, thereby changing aspects of the buying process. In addition, the importance of communication processes between and among organizations will increase as the role of trust becomes an important criterion for a successful buying relationship. The third question in the paper explored consequences and implications of these interdependencies on organizational buying behavior for practice and research. The following are considered in the paper: the need to increase understanding of network influences on organizational buying behavior, the need to increase understanding of the role of trust and value among organizational participants, the need to improve understanding of how to manage organizational buying in networked environments, the need to increase understanding of customer needs in the value network, and the need to increase understanding of the impact of emerging new business models on organizational buying behavior. In many ways, these needs deriving from increased organizational interdependencies are an extension of the conceptual tradition in organizational buying behavior. In 1977, Nicosia and Wind suggested a focus on inter-organizational over intra-organizational perspectives, a trend that has received considerable momentum since the 1990's. Likewise for managers to survive in an increasingly interdependent world, they will need to better understand the complexities of how organizations relate to one another. The transition from an inter-organizational to an interdependent perspective has begun, and must continue so as to develop an improved understanding of these important relationships. A shift to such an interdependent network perspective may require many academicians and practitioners to fundamentally challenge and change the mental models underlying their business and organizational buying behavior models. The focus can no longer be only on the dyadic relations of the buying organization and the selling organization but should involve all the related members of the network, including the network of customers, developers, and other suppliers and intermediaries. Consider for example the numerous partner networks initiated by SAP which involves over 9000 companies and over a million participants. This evolving, complex, and uncertain reality of interdependencies and dynamic networks requires reconsideration of how purchase decisions are made; as a result they should be the focus of the next phase of research and theory building among academics and the focus of practical models and experiments undertaken by practitioners. The hope is that such research will take place, not in the isolation of the ivory tower, nor in the confines of the business world, but rather, by increased collaboration of academics and practitioners. In conclusion, the consideration of increased interdependence among organizations revealed the continued relevance of the fundamental models of organizational buying behavior. However to increase the value of these models in an interdependent world, academics and practitioners should improve their understanding of (1) network influences, (2) how to better manage these influences, (3) the role of trust and value among organizational participants, (4) the evolution of customer needs in the value network, and (5) the impact of emerging new business models on organizational buying behavior. To accomplish this, greater collaboration between industry and academia is needed to advance our understanding of organizational buying behavior in an interdependent world.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

This study This study analyzed the effectiveness of Corporate Entrepreneurship, using Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) data from 2017. The attitude of workers, which is main link in the process of corporate entrepreneurship, has been studied at a singular level at individual and organizational levels due to the lack of data and analysis methods. Multi-level analysis using hierarchical and linear modeling was performed to improve the accuracy of the relationship estimation between variables. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of the organizational level in the process of entrepreneurship. As a result, corporate entrepreneurship has had a positive effect on job satisfaction and turnover, which is due to the employees attitude and organization. Organizational trust in the process has been shown to perform an important role in the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and job satisfaction, and that the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and turnover has not been controlled. Based on these results, the implications, limitations, and future research tasks of the study are discussed.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.223-240
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the transformational leadership and LMX approach to the study of leadership. Leadership research has witnessed a shift from traditional transactional models to a new genre of theories of transformational and charismatic leadership and LMX. Transformational leadership theories offer the promise of extraordinary individual and organizational outcomes. Leaders motivate followers to perform beyond expected levels by activating higher order needs, fostering a climate of trust, and inducing them to transcend their self-interest for the organization's sake. Numerous investigations point of the robustness of the effects of such leadership on individual and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. LMX theory suggests that leaders do not use the same style in dealing with all subordinates, but rather develop a different type of relationship or exchange with each subordinate. These relationships range from those that are based strictly on employment contracts to those that are characterized by mutual trust, respect, liking, and reciprocal influence. LMX has been positively related to job satisfaction, productivity, and career progress of managers and negatively related to turnover and employee grievances. In conclusions, effective leaders link achievement of organizational goals to follower fulfillment of self-development goals, with the former advancing the latter.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.455-463
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• 2017

Background/Objectives: The purpose of the study is to derive a goal usable in the field by exploring the case management success experiences of case managers. Civil case managers state that what is still important in case management practice is qualitative change made in the practice process. Therefore, the study will deal with detailed contents about case management that civil domain case managers consider to be important. Methods/Statistical analysis: For data collection, the study used focus group interview on 20 professional case management social workers and used Grounded theory method by Glaser for data analysis. The analysis of collected data consisted of a process of finding the categories and characteristics of the research problem. Findings: As a result of analysis, 4 categories, 10 subcategories, and 25 elements were derived for success experiences of case management practice. The categories were divided into satisfaction and ability improvement of client, case manager ability improvement, establishment of organization and environment function, and multilateral trust relationship strengthening. Improvements/Applications: The results of this study further clarified the goal of field case management practice and it was suggested as a plan to reflect on future case management related institutions evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

In this article, data mining simulation is applied to find a proper approach and results of analysis for study of variables related to organization. Also, turnover intention and organizational commitment are used as target (dependent) variables in this simulation. Classification and regression tree (CART) with ensemble methods are used in this study for simulation. Human capital corporate panel data of Korea Research Institute for Vocation Education & Training (KRIVET) is used. The panel data is collected in 2005, 2007, and 2009. Organizational commitment variables are analyzed with combined measure variables which are created after investigation of reliability and single dimensionality for multiple-item measurement details. The results of this study are as follows. First, major determinants of turnover intention are trust, communication, and talent management-oriented trend. Second, the main determining factors for organizational commitment are trust, the number of years worked, innovation, communication. CART with ensemble methods has two ensemble CART methods which are CART with Bagging and CART with Arcing. Comparing two methods, CART with Arcing (Arc-x4) extracted scenarios with very high coefficients of determination. In this study, a scenario with maximum coefficient of determinant and minimum error is obtained and practical implications are presented. Using one of data mining methods, CART with ensemble method. Also, the limitation and future research are discussed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2021

As blockchain technology has emerged as a security issue for IoT, technology which integrates block chain into IoT is being studied. In this paper is a research concerning token-based IoT service access control technology for data sharing, which propose a possessor focused data sharing technic by using the permissioned blockchain. To share IoT health data, a Hyperledger Fabric Network consisting of three organizations was designed to provide a way to share data by applying different access control policies centered on device owners for different services. In the proposed system, the device owner issues access control tokens with different security levels applied to the participants in the organization, and the token issue information is shared through the distributed ledger of the HFN. In IoT, it is possible to lightweight the access control processing of IoT devices by granting tokens to service requesters who request access to data. Furthmore, by sharing token issuance information among network participants using HFN, the integrity of the token is guaranteed and all network participants can trust the token. The device owners can trust that their data is being used within their authorized rights, and control the collection and use of data.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.3-30
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• 2021

Reasons for disqualification to restrict a medical person's license should be considered in functional and moral terms. In this sense, the grounds for disqualification of medical personnel should be expanded to include all crimes that have been declared to be "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" by a court. Because a sentence of "imprisonment without labor or greater punishment" means that it is highly reprehensible and undermines the trust of the state as well as the trust in medical personnel. Therefore, the expansion of the scope of license restrictions for medical personnel cannot be regarded as a violation of "the Less Restrictive Alternative" rule. However, it is necessary to reflect the specificity of medical services in the license restrictions of medical personnel. This is because not all diseases can be treated with current medical services. In addition, unpredictable situations can occur at any time during medical practice. Consequently, the negligence that occurs during medical practice should be carefully examined from a functional perspective of the medical personnel. And it should be treated differently from ordinary crimes. To this end, an independent license review organization should be established to establish expertise in license management.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.153-168
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• 2002

Since 1992, conventional fire fighting businesses have been converted into a metropolitan autonomous fire fighting system to be ready for a variety of disasters. However, the corresponding investment has been overlapped due to the non-integration of businesses to prevent any potential disasters, and a series of collaborative systems have been not functioning so well. In the meantime, our fire fighting sector has been trying to set up its own clean and faithful position by abolishing any inconvenient system or outsourcing private sectors, and expanded its work scope from conventional fire fighting even to rescue and emergency works. While focusing on handling disaster, the fire fighting sector has been widely trusted and reliable throughtout our nation. Moreover, our fire fighting sector has secured nation wide mobile organizations, technical personnel by field, special equipments and independent communication network. In addition, the fire fighting sector has knowledges, expertise and capabilities required for managing disasters, while in charge of almost every disaster management works including fire, explosion, collapse, disaster and flood. It becomes an organization for comprehensive disaster management under an absolute national trust, which is based on the system for prevention, preparation and countermeasure against a variety of disasters. Thus, our fire fighting sector must make many efforts and try to modernize conventional education and training. The ways to facilitate rescue and emergency works may include the nurture of technical fire fighting personnel along with modernized equipments, the reinforcement of rescue and emergency education, the facilitation of operating civil defense corps, the facilitation of operating volunteer fire fighting corps, the better arrangement of 119 briefing room for public healthcare in provincial offices, the sterilization of rescue instruments and equipments the better repair education for emergency rescue member, the establishment of regional emergency assistant system and the expansion of fire fighting personnel and equipments. In terms of reinforcing the functions and services of rescue 119 and emergency corps, we must review the following considerations: Building up security system along with operational expansion, building up a system for emergency medical treatment, building up a comprehensive information management system for rescue and emergency, constructing a provincial safety museum and so forth. For the ways to better the works of rescue 119 we can review the following considerations : Improving the education for fire fighting training corps under Jeju Provincial Fire and Disaster Management Department, providing rescue members with more opportunities for clinical practices, enhancing the morale of rescue members, installing a comprehensive briefing room for emergency rescue members, building up medical networks along with reasonable policies for information service, operating the consulting system for rescue 119 and so on. If these requirements are met, it is expected that the fire fighting departments in Jeju province can cope with every accident and disaster a little more rapidly and quickly in compliance with local needs, so that they can keep their own position as a public fire fighting organization which may be trusted by the public.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.195-214
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to suggest a construction device that can transform a public safety, security service, security system on counter-terrorism device system, from government leading type to private management type. There are purpose on this thesis to research for the bringing up counter-terrorism experts certification system and about all sorts of developed device among our country's counter-terrorism situation and through comparing developed country's private security's developing device. This summary of thesis is like below. First we need to establish total counter-terrorism center, like developed country on national corresponding strategy. Second, we need to make an organization as a country security department unified as an America's President directly belonging organization. Third, it is to legislate about an counter-terrorism. Fourth, we need to make a coorperate system according to counter-terrorism duty come under private management, so that can recover a trust among people. Fifth, a terror warning system is necessary. Private security's mutual relationship and developing devices is First, it is necessary to bring up counter-terrorism expert. Second, it is necessary to bring in counter-terrorism experts certification system. Third, counter-terrorism research center that come under private management is necessary. The university, private security related academy, should establish research center for the private security industry's specialization, subdivision. It is considered that various research need to be continued after by bringing up counter-terrorism experts, transforming a consciousness, counter-terrorism education, building an equipment and education center, not for a special group, that can minimize human infringement.