• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.215-225
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• 2018

The purpose of this is to understand critical roles of contact employees' organization citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in customers' evaluation of service quality. This paper examines the relationship of employees' OCBs with job satisfaction, trust in manager, and customer's perceived service quality in deluxe hotel. The empirical results show that contact employee' job satisfaction and trust in manager are significantly related to OCB and that their active engagement in OCB has a positive relationship with the perception of service quality. Although there exists a significant common method factor possibly influencing the strength of the relationship, this factor did not affect the overall pattern of significant relationship. Another notable finding indicates that, unlike a global OCB measure, path estimates in the relationship of job satisfaction and trust to OCB variable are not similar and suggests that the multiple facets of OCBs provide more detailed information than a global OCB.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.2 s.27
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop School Agenda 21 to activate environmental education at schools. In detail, this study is intended to develop operating procedures, major issue areas or domains, and instructions on the preparation for School Agenda 21. School Agenda 21 means the action plan which students, teachers, parents, and other concerned parties (including office of education, local municipal bodies, and NGOs) write under agreement with respect to their respective roles in order to activate environmental educations oriented toward sustainable development. The results of this study are as follow. First, the operating procedures for School Agenda 21 consist of seven steps; organization, diagnosis of problems, setup of targets or objectives, development of codes of behavior, system establishment, practices and reviews, and evaluation and feedbacks. Second, major issue areas for School Agenda 21 are classified into six; school management, class operation, independent subject activity, separate subject activity, non-subject activity, and external relations of school. Third, instructions of the preparation of School Agenda 21 address these 10 concepts; balance, unification, continuity, daily routine, linkage, environmental justice, participation, peculiarity of schools and classes, regional peculiarity, and concreteness, which consider 7 principles for environmental education, levels of learners, regional features, and concreteness. School Agenda 21 developed from this study converts existing environmental education toward sustainable development environmental education, and developed for the purpose to activate school environmental education, but ultimate purpose of this study are realizing sustainable society, sustainable future to realize education for sustainable development. So School Agenda 21 is expected to important performance way making possible Local Agenda 21, National Agenda 21, Agenda 21 as if education, public recognition and discipline contents of the 36 chapter of Agenda 21.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Objectives: This paper reviews the main principles and values underlying health promotion and reflects upon recent health promotion efforts in Korea. Methods: The essay approaches these issues through the framework of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO, 1986) and other related (WHO) documents. The Ottawa Charter has been an important basis for health promotion worldwide over the last three decades since 1986. Emphasizing the instrumental value of health and the prerequisites for health, it provides the definition of health promotion and elaborates the strategies for health promotion as well as the main health promotion actions. Results: Beyond the values of health as both a fundamental human right and a resource for everyday life, the values and principles related to health promotion shown in WHO documents and other literature include holism, social justice and equity, public and community participation, autonomy, empowerment, socioecological approaches to health, sustainability, intersectoral collaboration, partnership-building, responsibility for health, and so on. Conclusions: Reflecting, subjectively, on health promotion efforts in Korea, some values, including holism in terms of target population, equity, public and community participation, empowerment, and socio-ecological approaches have been realized to some extent, while other values like intersectoral collaboration and partnership have not been considered sincerely in public efforts relating to health promotion. Therefore, future health promotion efforts in Korea should concentrate on incorporating these critical values and principles-based approaches into health promotion activities.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify how organizational fairness affects organizational commitment to social welfare officials, and to examine the mediating effect of organizational support. Social welfare officials have tried to find out what factors can be more adapted to the organization and immersed in the organizational aspect, as overwork and poor working conditions are becoming a problem. As the subject and method of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 172 social welfare officials in P and U cities in northern Gyeonggi Province, and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. As a result of the study, organizational fairness of social welfare officials had a positive effect on organizational commitment, and organizational support had a partial mediating effect. Based on the results of this study, administrative and policy implications for the organizational adaptation and commitment of public officials in charge of social welfare were presented.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2009

The idea of establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law (hereinafter referred to ICASL) is only my academic and practical opinion as first proposal in the global community. The establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law can promote the speed and promote fairness of the trial in air and space law cases. The creation of an ICASL would lead to strengthening of the international cooperation deemed essential by the global community towards joint settlement in the transnational air and space cases, claims and would act as a catalyst for the efforts and solution on aircraft, satellite and space shuttle's accidents and cases and all manpower, information, trial and lawsuit to be centrally managed in an independent fashion to the benefit of global community. The aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents attributes to the particular and different features between the road, railway and maritime's accidents. These aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents have incurred many disputes between the victims and the air and space carriers in deciding on the limited or unlimited liability for compensation and the appraisal of damages caused by the aircraft's accidents, terror attack, satellite, space shuttle's accidents and space debris. This International Court of Air and Space Law could hear any claim growing out of both international air and space crash accidents and transnational accidents in which plaintiffs and defendants are from different nations. This alternative would eliminate the lack of uniformity of decisions under the air and space conventions, protocols and agreements. In addition, national courts would no longer have to apply their own choice of law analysis in choosing the applicable liability limits or un-limit for cases that do not fall under the air and space system. Thus, creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law would eliminate any disparity of damage awards among similarly situated passengers and shippers in nonmembers of air and space conventions, protocols, agreements and cases. Furthermore, I would like to explain the main items of the abovementioned Draft for the Convention or Statute of the International Court of Air and Space Law framed in comparison with the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statue of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Statute of the International Criminal Court. First of all, in order to create the International Court of Air and Space Law, it is necessary for us to legislate a Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law. This Draft for the Convention must include the elected method of judges, term, duty and competence of judge, chambers, jurisdiction, hearing and judgment of the ICASL. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and Council of the ICAO and by the General Assembly and Legal Committee of the UNCOPUOS from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the six continent (the North American, South American, African, Oceania and Asian Continent) and two international organization such as ICAO and UNCOPUOS. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected as one time. However, I would like to propose a creation an International Court of Air and Space Law in extending jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice at the Hague to in order to decide the air and space convention‘s cases. My personal opinion is that if an International Court on Air and Space Law will be created in future, it will be settled quickly and reasonably the difficulty and complicated disputes, cases or lawsuit between the wrongdoer and victims and the injured person caused by aircraft, satellite, spacecraft's accidents or hijacker and terrorists etc. on account of deciding the standard of judgment by judges of that’s court. It is indeed a great necessary and desirable for us to make a new Draft for the Convention on a creation of the International Court of Air and Space Law to handle international air and space crash litigation. I shall propose to make a new brief Draft for the Convention on the Creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law in the near future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2008

The source of a business competition is man and the core of a business success depends on people's ability, efforts and cooperation. Therefore, modern managers are making varied efforts to perform the ethical management for the organization immersion and job satisfaction of the employees. The managers of the financial agencies including the enterprises competing in the global market, face numerous ethical issues and problems. Considering the reality that financial institutions are actively asked to perform the responsibility and duties sincerely, the tasks how the head of financial agency will accept the social study of the level of ethics and change the level of recognition, and how he will settle it as the natural feature in the institution, become an important management target. In addition, it is necessary to figure out how the ethical management of the head of the financial agency will affect the organizational immersion of the employees. Based on the objective of this study, we attempted to confirm how the ethical management will of the head of the financial institution would affect the organizational immersion, the employees' mental result variables. Through this study, it became necessary for the directors of the financial institutions to search for the methods to improve the system of management and enhance the observance will of the business ethics so that they may not cause the disposition of the violation of the business ethics owing to the enforcement to achieve the target of the results of the business or the error recognition of the norm. Further, the heads of banks will have to set a management policy focused on the democratic management and the ethical justice based on the participating methods to induce the cooperative commitment of the stock company employees not to be shifted from the globalization and the competitive society.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.611-653
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• 2013

An whistle-blowing is recognition of acts of misconduct or corruption by individuals(laborers) or party which belongs to a certain organization and it refers to the act of informing to the senior organization or to the outside public agency to avoid jeopardies that could be potentially lead against benefit of the public. These whistle-blowings can be a Ansatz that improve corporation's transparency and accountability by prevention of enterprise's misconduct as well, it has been recognized as an important role for the establishment of corporate ethics, moreover, social justice. What to be treated primarily as labor law problem is arousing some controversies of the possibility that the public announcement could be whether a disciplinary punishment or not because it brings some mischievous effects for the honor and the reputation to the company which conducted the illegal actions and the action of the contrary to the social value. And futhermore, recently, the matter of compensational responsibility according to the arrangement conversion, bullying followed by the informant has been brought up. The fundamental standpoint of precedent related with the judgement of justification for the punishment as reason of the whistle-blowing ought to do the sincere duty for the labor contract which is the employees are supposed to consider the employer's profits. For that reason, if the emploee release the inside fact to the public and give any damages to employer's secret or confidence or honor, it will be a causing reasong of the disciplinary punishment, but in specific cases, the relevant and level of punishment limitation can be judged by the contents of public announcement and the truth, the purpose of the acts and details and the way of announcement. Precisely, on the assumption that there are necessity of the characteristic profit or the freedom of expression for the informant, with overall consideration whether or the basis part of the informant is true or there is a fair reason which make the informant believe is true or the purpose of informant has the public profit or the contents of the whistle-blowing are important for relevant organization or the means and the way was suitable, if the whistle-blowing are approved to be resonable, the organization are not permitted the reprimand or dismiss Futhermore, to find the solution for the issues of the disciplinary punishment and the treatment of all sorts of disadvantages, for the reason of whistle-blowing, since the protection law for public declarer which was enacted in last 2011 have the position as the general law, the purport of the equal law has to be considered sytematically and also the judicial precedent which is related to the justification of whistle-blowing are needed to be considered as well.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.61
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• pp.74-97
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• 2013

Asia is developing rapidly in 21st century. Human and material exchanges between Korea and Asian countries have greatly increased. Korea entered the multicultural society. It became important for Korean people to understand Asia more correctively. Korean media can play a key role for this. In this point, I analyzed 1786 news contents reported in 2011 by four Korean newspapers(Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Hankyoreh newspaper, Kyungh Kyunghyang Daily News), to see differences of Asia and West news aspect and its reason, focusing on news topic, amount of news, news tone and foreign media sources. In amount of news, the percent of West(54.3%) was higher than that of Asia news(45.7%). In news tone, negative news were the most in Asia news, but the least in West news. Korean newspaper showed more positive attitude to West than Asia. 1786 news were classified into seven topics(morality and justice, politics, economics and science, society, diplomacy and national defense, human interest, people). In news amount of seven topics, Korean newspapers reported hard news like morality and justice more than soft news like human interest about Asia. However they reported many soft news about West besides hard news. In news topics and tone, hard news showed negative tone most and soft news showed neutral or positive tone most. As a result, Korean news showed the negative attitude to Asia and the positive to West. Among five main sources(media, government, private organization, individual and material), only media source affected the differences of news attitude to Asia and West. Asia media source took the more positive attitude to Asia than West. West media took the negative attitude to Asia most and the neutral attitude to West most. Korean newspapers used West media as main sources in the news of all areas except East Asia. As a result, Korean newspapers showed the West-centered-attitude and reported the negative news more than neutral and positive about Asia. It was suggested that Korean newspapers had better increase Asia news in diverse spheres by the direct reporting of the correspondent and the more use of Asia media through the internet.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2015

The Personal Information Protection Commission shall be established under the direct jurisdiction of the President and shall independently perform affairs under its authority. It shall be comprised of total 15 members (5 members designated by the President, 5 members elected at the National Assembly and 5 members designated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), including one minister-level Chairperson and one vice-minister-level standing member. Main functions of the Personal Information Protection Commission include deliberation and resolution of major policies and improvement of ordinances and systems related to personal information protection, coordination of opinions among public institutions in regards to the management of personal information, recommendation of improvement such as suspension of infringement by a central administrative agency, a local government and a constitutional institution, and submission of annual reports on personal information protection to the National Assembly. The function and role of the Personal Information Protection Commission regulated by the current law are insufficient in terms of independence and authorities of protection agencies compared to the international standard or level of discussion. The Commission thus cannot play a sufficient role as an independent agency for efficient protection of personal information. Therefore, there is a need for law revision that revives the purpose of the establishment of the Personal Information Protection Commission.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2004

Purpose: Nursing puts much weight en the organization of hospital. Therefore it is necessity to improve nursing care. One of the most important things is to secure confident nurses and to develop nurse' potentiality. It directs nurse evaluation system. The concept of "performance appraisal tools" is extremely important in evaluation system. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to define performance appraisal process. Method: In order to do this, two main study has been observed interviewing appraisers and employees in-depth and analyzing performance appraisal tools of seven hospitals and analysed validity, reliability, acceptability and practicability. Result: The result of this study can be summarized as follows; Firstly, the result of analysis of performance appraisal tools. Regard to validity, Hospitals had a typical goal, but had not put to practice use. Regard to reliability, 1) Appraisal rule had been focused on appraiser's error, how to avoid. 2) 5 hospitals accessed nurses with relative rating and 2 hospitals with absolute rating both in practice. 3) 3 hospitals informed nurses the result of performance appraisal but 4 hospitals did not. 4) All hospitals in this study had conducted superiors rating. Regard to acceptability, 1)Rating scale method had been implemented by 6 hospitals and among those conducted beth ranking method and descriptive method. 2) Most hospitals had focused on personal traits in performance appraisal factors. Regard to practicality, The term of appraisal took $10{\sim}14$ days; performance appraisal happened 1 or 2 times per year; appraisal factors were based on 10 different items. Secondly, the result of in-depth interview with head nurses and staff nurses Regard to validity, head nurses and nurses wared that the goal of performance appraisal is to develop nurse's ability. Regard to reliability, head nurses pointed out that they were doubt of the justice of performance appraisal and they should have got training. Nurses insisted that raters should have been trained due to lack of qualification of appraiser; Head nurses and nurse proposed to convert form relative rating to absolute rating; to inform the result of appraisal; to implement peers rating. Regard to acceptability, One of the critical problems of performance appraisal tools was abstract of appraisal factors ; Lack of job analysis. Regard to practicality, Head nurses used to take overtime for appraisal. There was only a little respond despite of their efforts. Nurses questioned that appraisal tools exist for only appraisal; there was less cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: Based en these findings, it could be suggested to improve the performance appraisal tools for nurses evaluation. Firstly, it is necessary to describe goal of performance appraisal clearly set up, so that nurses could improve their positive word performance and develop their potentiality. Secondly, it is necessary to obtain various training on raters, implement absolute rating and inform the result of appraisal to nurses and use peers rating. Thirdly, it is necessary to convert from rating scale method to management by objectives or behaviorally anchored rating scale and take measurable appraisal factors based en job analysis. Finally, it is necessary to reduce the appraisal cost but increase effectiveness of performance appraisal.