• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2007

The oil and concentrated protein powder from squid viscera was extracted and recovered by a semi-batch supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$) extraction system and the degree of oxidation in the extracted oil was measured in order to compare with extracted oils using organic solvents. The degree of storage in treated squid viscera by $SCO_2$ extraction was measured in order to compare with untreated squid viscera. As results obtained, it was found that the auto-oxidation of the oils using $SCO_2$ extraction occurred very slowly compared to the oils by organic solvent extraction. And the treated squid viscera by $SCO_2$ extraction was reached the point of initial rottenness slowly than untreated squid viscera.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.802-808
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• 1996

규산 나트륨으로부터 묽은 황산으로 산성화시킨 규산 나트륨용액으로부터 유기 용매에 의한 추출로 규산[Silicic Acid(SA)]을 제조하였다. 유기 용매로 tetrahydrofuran(THF), isopropyl alcohol과 acetone을 사용하여 Si 추출율과 Na 제거율에 미치는 영향과 유기 용매의 부피비, 염화 나트륨 첨가량 및 $H_2O$ 첨가량에 따른 영향을 파악하였다. 고순도 규산을 제조하기위한 최적 조건은 유기 용매 THF, 유기 용매/규산의 부피비 1(organic solvent 10ml/10ml SA) 그리고 염화 나트륨 첨가량 2.5g/10ml SA이었고, 이 조건에서 Si 추출율 86.2%, Na 제거율 99.95%인 99.96%의 고순도 규산을 제조하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2003

본 연구는 폐수로부터 몇 가지의 유기오염물(Phenol, 2-Chlorophenol, Nitrobenzene)을 비분산 용매추출법으로 동시 제거하는 실험이다. 몇 가지의 용매(MIBK, IPAc, Hexane)에 대하여 분배계수를 구하였고, 용매와 폐수사이의 향류와 병류 흐름에 의한 추출 실험을 하였다. 수용액상의 유량이 증가함에 따라 용매와의 접촉시간이 짧아져 제거율이 떨어지고, 용매의 유량이 증가함에 따라 제거율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 병류보다는 향류에서 유기오염물의 제거율이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 유기오염물만이 아닌 다른 중금속 오염물 둥도 처리할 수 있는 산업용 폐수처리장치의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2009

Solvent extraction experiments of cupric and cuprous chloride with Alamine336 have been performed from HCl solution. In order to identify the solvent extraction reaction, distribution diagram of cupric and cuprous species with HCl concentration was obtained by considering complex formation reaction and the activity coefficient of solutes with Pitzer equation. Analysis of the solvent extraction data by graphical method together with the distribution diagram of copper indicated that solvent extraction reaction of copper with Alamine336 depends on HCl concentration. In strong HCl solution of 3 and 5 M, ${CuCl_4}^{2-}$ and ${CuCl_3}^{2-}$ took part in the solvent extraction reaction as Cu(II) and Cu(I), respectively. When HCl concentration was 1 M, ${CuCl_2}^-$ was extracted into the organic phase in the case of Cu(I) while adduct formation between $Cu^{2+}$ and Alamine336 was responsible for the solvent extraction reaction of Cu(II).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2024

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have attracted attention due to their high efficiency and simple manufacturing process. Applying an overlayer to OPV devices is one way to improve their performance because it can improve charge extraction and suppress vertical phase separation. In addition, dichloromethane (DCM) was used as an orthogonal solvent to minimize the effect on other layers. However, an coating problems due to the use of DCM were found, which affects surface morphology as rough or peeling. Additional research efforts are needed to solve these problems, and optimal results are expected to be obtained by utilizing various buffer layers or selective organic solvents.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied to extract cytotoxic substances from five medicinal plants including Angelica gigas, Angelica acutiloba, Aralia cordata, Spirodela polyrhiza, Bupleurum falcatum, and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. The cytotoxicities against P388, A549, and HL-60 cell lines were determined for the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of five plant materials employed and were compared with those of the conventional organic solvent extracts such as n-hexane, $CHCl_{3}$, and MeOH to evaluate the SFE as an alternative method to conventional organic solvent extraction. In most cases, the SFE extracts of plant materials showed enhanced cytotoxicities when compared with those of other organic solvent extracts. In addition, the optimum temperature and pressure of SFE for extraction of the cytotoxic substances were largely affected by both the plant species and the cell lines tested. These results suggested that SFE could be an alternative to the conventional organic solvent method for the selective extraction of cytotoxic compounds from plants.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1982

Uremia is associated with defective protein binding of weakly acidic drugs, whereas the protein binding of basic drugs tends to be normal. The exact chemical nature of compound(s) and mechanism for these changes as yet is unknown, and has not been defined. Organic solvent extraction of pooled normal human urine following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid produced an extract, which when added to normal human serum, was capable of inducing binding defects similar to those in uremia. Binding defects were observed with the weakly acidic drugs such as nafcillin, salicylate, sulfamethoxazole and phenytoin while the binding of the basic drugs such as trimethoprim and quinidine were unaffected. The binding defects induced by the hydrolyzed urine extract could readily be corrected by same organic solvent extraction of acidified serum and the defects could be transferred to the normal human serum using the organic solvent layer at the physiologic pH (7.4). Followed by reacidification ind extraction of the binding defects induced serum with the same solvent, separated several fractions were obtained on thin-layer chromatography. One of these fractions could reinduce the binding defects and this factor(s) is apparently weakly acidic compounds and tightly bound to serum at physiologic pH, but extractable at acidic pH, and its molecular weight range is approximately 500 or less similar to those seen in uremia. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the drug binding defect in uremia is due to the accumulation of endogenous metabolic products which arc normally excreted by the kidneys but accumulate in renal failure.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to optimize the extraction of beneficial substance from Cudrania tricuspidata leaves grown at Jirisan Mountain in South Korea by three different solvents depending on extraction time and at different temperature. Methods: The total phenolic contents were determined by the method reported by $S{\acute{a}}nchez$-Moreno et al. The total flavonoid contents were analyzed by Slinkard and Singleton. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method reported by Blois Results: The extraction yield for each solvent is 9.05-14.1%, 2.17-5.67%, and 2.3-3.9% for D.W., ethanol, and hexane, respectively. The overall results were maximized for the extract obtained with D.W. for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The average phenol contents were 77.11, 45.64, and 0.343 mg/g at $100^{\circ}C$ in water, $78^{\circ}C$ in ethanol, and $68^{\circ}C$ in hexane, respectively. The flavonoid contents were the highest in the materials extracted with D.W., and were increased with increasing temperature, regardless of the extraction solvents, whether water (green), polar organic ethanol, or nonpolar organic hexane. In the ethanol extract, the flavonoid contents are increased gradually from 5.66 mg/g to 7.73 mg/g. The total flavonoid contents were proportional to the concentrations of the water extracts, ranging from 4.14 mg/g to 48.89 mg/g. The antioxidative activities of the water-extracted compounds are generally increased with increasing temperature from 42.5% to 85.5%. Those of the hexane extracts are increased slowly from 3.79% to 8.8%, while those of ethanol extracts are increased from 29.8% to 47.4%. Conclusion: The extraction yields were dependent upon solvents for extraction as well as extraction time and the temperature. The optimal extraction time was 5 min and the extraction yields were increased with increasing temperature excepted hexane. Of the three tested extraction solvents, the greenest solvent of water shows excellent results, suggesting that water is among the most effective solvents for natural sample extractions for general medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1997

말로네이트 제조 공정에서 발생되는 폐액으로부터 용매추출법을 적용하여 코발트 회수 연구를 하였다 용매 추출에서의 주요 변수는 용매의 선택, pH, 코발트 농도, 역추출 온도 등이며 이러한 변수들의 영향을 조사하였다. 용매로써 DEHPA와 PC88A가 사용되었으며 이들 용매의 평형추출 곡선을 구하였다. 공장설계 조건을 찾기 위하여 Mccabe-Tiele 선도를 작성하였고, 연속 공정인 믹서-세틀러 장치를 가동하였다. 본 연구 결과 폐액 중에서 코발트는 99.9% 이상 회수되었고, 회수된 황산코발트의 순도는 99.9% 이상이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2675-2679
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• 2009

This paper reports the example of headspace mulberry paper bag micro solid phase extraction (HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE) as a new sampling method for the determination of volatile flavor composition of coriander seeds. Adsorption efficiencies between two configurations of mulberry paper bag were compared, and several parameters affecting the HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE were investigated and optimized. The optimized technique uses an adsorbent (Tenax TA, 0.1 mg) contained in a mulberry paper bag of front configuration where fine surface was outside, and minimal amount of organic solvent (0.6 mL). Linalool and $\gamma$-terpinene were found as abundant flavor compounds from coriander seeds. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for linalool of major flavor in coriander seeds were 10.3 ng/mL and 34.4 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method showed good reproducibility and good recovery. The HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE is very simple to use, inexpensive, requires small sample amounts and solvent consumption. Because the solvent for extraction is reduced to only a very small volume, there is minimal waste or exposure to toxic organic solvent and no further concentration step.