• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2010

The present study was to investigate the effect of the transition from conventional to organic dairy farming on the antimicrobial resistant pattern of pathogens in milk. A farm with tie-stall management, with an average herd size of 20 milking cows, was selected based on the owner' willingness to accept, for at least 6 months, the highly restricted protocol developed in this study. Comparisons of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibilities before changing to an organic farm system (BEFORE) and for 6 months after (AFTER) operating the experimental organic farm system were performed by Fisher's Exact Chi-square tests. Significant levels were defined at p<0.05. During the AFTER period, average frequency of antibiotic treatment was decreased from more than 3 cases/month to less than 1 case/month during which the antibiotic use was authorized only by the veterinarian. In total, 92 and 70 quarter milk samples from 24 and 18 cows during BEFORE and AFTER, respectively, were included in the study. Overall, isolates ranged from a non-resistant level for cephazolin to a very high resistant level to streptomycin (64.71% to 95.45%). Percentages of antimicrobial resistant isolates during BEFORE were significantly higher than during AFTER for ampicillin (43.48% and 5.88%, respectively) and streptomycin (95.45% and 64.71%, respectively). In conclusion, percentages of antimicrobial resistant isolates were decreased after 6 months of operating as an organic farm system.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2014

Organic forage production system is one of the most important aspects in organic livestock production. Animals in the organic farming system are also essential for manure to be used for organic forage production. Both organic forage and animals are essential to maintain the cycle of organic agriculture system. In this paper we introduce the organic forage production system in Korea. Summer and winter crops are getting popular in Korea because of their high forage yield and cultivation in double cropping systems. Common cropping system for forage production in Korea is the double cropping system with legume and grass mixture. Forage sorghum and sudangrass are the most popular ones of annual summer forage corps because of their high production with low cost in the double cropping systems. In the mixture of forage crops, inter cropping is more suitable in the corn and sorghum cropping system because of high lodging resistance and forage yield, and low weed population. Forage sorghum and sudangrass are difficult to preserve as direct-cut silage due to the fact that its high moisture content causes excessive fermentation during ensiling. Corn grain addition to sorghum silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing quality and reducing production cost. It is recommended that corn grain could be added up to 10% of total amount of silage. And agriculture by-products also can be added at the time of ensiling to minimize losses of effluent and have the additional advantage of increasing quality. Agriculture by-products as silage supplements increased DM content and quality, and decreased the production cost of sorghum silage. Field pre-wilting treatment of forage crops also increased DM content and quality of the silage. Wilting sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid before ensiling was the effective method for reducing effluent and increasing pH and forage quality more than direct cut silage. Optimum prewilting period of sudangrass silage was 1 or 2 days. In organic forage, the most important factor is the enhancement of organic forage sufficiency in relation to the environmental-friendly and organic livestock. Consequently, there are many possibilities for animal production and organic forage production in Korea. No forages no cattle concept should be emphasized in organic farming system.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2021

시설재배지에서 토양 양분으로 유기농업자재인 가축분 종류별 퇴비를 밑거름으로 처리한 후 발생하는 N₂O와 딸기의 생육 특성을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 가축분퇴비는 돈분과 우분, 계분을 원료로 하여 각각 만들어진 제품을 사용하였고, 딸기 표준시비량의 질소를 기준으로 단독 그리고 혼합 처리하였다. N₂O의 총배출량은 무기질비료 처리구와 비교하여 계분퇴비 처리구에서 10.7% 많았으나 다른 가축분퇴비 처리구에서는 16.5~41.9% 적게 배출되었다. N₂O가 주로 배출되는 기간은 비료살포 후 17일차까지로 전체 배출량의 70~87%를 차지하였고, 이후 158일간 13~30%가 발생하였다. N₂O 배출량은 토양의 NH₄⁺-N 함량과 부의 상관성을 나타내었다. 딸기의 생육 중 엽수, 엽폭, 관부직경은 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 엽장은 무기질비료 처리구보다 가축분퇴비 처리구에서 컸으며, SPAD 값은 우분퇴비와 계분퇴비를 혼합하여 시용한 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 딸기 과실의 무게와 당도는 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.891-906
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• 2016

This study examined the working site environment of Korean native cattle raising farmers and their actual condition of wearing personal protective equipment as part of preventing disasters during agricultural work. To this end, 160 Korean cattle raising farmers were surveyed and a site visit was performed on 10 farms. According to an examination of the cattle breeding environment, the major harmful factors were in the following order: fine dust (12.8%), organic feed dust (10.3%), contact with cattle (9.7%), manure (8.2%), germs and viruses (8.1%), harmful gases (7.4), contact with obstacles (6.7), and temperature (6.6%). The current status of the rate of wearing protection was in the order of gloves (20.9%), working hats (19.7%), boots (19.6%), masks (10.9%), protective clothing (8.9%), and specialized working clothing (6.6%). Nevertheless, most Korean cattle raising farmers recognized the risks when they did not wear protective equipment and the need for wearing protectors, but they mostly did not wear personal protective equipment due to a lack of knowledge on the selection of appropriate personal protective equipment and the discomfort they experience when they put on protectors. Even when they put on protective equipment, 38% was inappropriate for the farming work environment. Given the research results, improvements on and the development of specialized working clothing and personal protective equipment to protect farmers from harmful and dangerous materials from the cattle nurturing environment is necessary. Overall, based on the study data, objectified data collection, a determination of the necessary performance elements of personal protective equipment, and R&D will be needed through an on-site current status investigation.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

This study was focused on the system of regional resource circulation(RRC) of Asan-Si as a case region. So 301 farmers(members of producer organization) who are managing environmental-friendly agriculture (EFA) are surveyed. The RRC system is focused on establishing the system of regional complex farming connected with the seedling fanning and the livestock. The main results surveyed are as follows : First, total cultivated acreage is 574ha. Second, the total quantity of by-products of rices, beans, wheats is 983M/T. Third, the total quantity of nutrient requirement for seeding fanning is 85,335.6kg This research shows how to develop the RRC system for EFA. The development model and strategies are as follows : The first model for the system of regional resource circulation can be called the scenario of the best output for the system of environmentally friendly resource circulation. It is considered to estimate the appropriate number of heads of Korean cattle and hen which can be bred simultaneously. And the second model can be called the scenario of the regional allotment for the appropriate number of heads of those. It is considered to estimate the appropriate number of heads of those which can be alloted by the individual farm or area.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.343-359
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• 2016

Objective:In this study, we designed working clothes for livestock farmers to wear in spring and autumn to improve their work efficiency, conducted a physiological test on their performance, and evaluated their comfort. Background: In recent years, livestock farming in Korea has expanded, yet farmers' safety and sanitation levels remain low in hazardous environments that include organic dust, toxic gas, and heat stress, as well as the risk of accidents. Furthermore, most livestock farmers wear ordinary or dust-resistant clothes that are unsuitable for rearing livestock and compromise their safety and health. Thus, it is important to design specialized working clothes for livestock farmers that are comfortable and that minimize their health and safety risks. Method: To this end, we examined the literature on livestock (poultry, swine, and cattle) farmers' safety and sanitation issues, designed appropriate working clothes, and tested them in terms of sensory feel, physiological response, and subjective comfort. Results: The respondents expressed satisfaction with the new working clothes. The results of a physiological test showed a decline in temperature and humidity inside the clothes, a lower pulse rate, and a lower oxygen intake compared to the measurements taken when famers wore their previous working clothes. This indicates a fall in heat stress and fatigue, which was mostly consistent with the results of the assessment of subjective comfort. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show an improvement in the comfort of the new working clothes compared to the dust-resistant clothes that are widely worn. Based on this study, the new working clothes need to be further tested and evaluated to improve the design. Application: This study is expected to contribute to designing better working clothes for livestock farmers.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

농경지내 유입된 다양한 양분원의 양분수지에 대한 정보는 농경지의 지속성을 평가하는데 매우 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구는 질소, 인산 및 칼리의 양분수지를 알아보기 위하여 2005년부터 2007년까지 5작기 동안 인도네시아 서자바섬 Eutric Hapludand에 있는 채소유기재배포장에서 수행되었다. 유기자원으로 우분, 염소분, 계분 및 마분 등 가축분퇴비, 티토니아, 식물잔사 및 크로타라리아 등 10개의 처리를 완전임의구획배치 3반복으로 하였으며, 유기자원의 시용량은 작물반응에 따라 매 작기별로 달리 처리되었다. 가축분퇴비를 ha당 20톤 이상 시용하였을 때, 질소, 인산 및 칼리에 대하여 양의 양분수지를 보였다. 식물잔사를 ha당 20~25톤 또는 티토니아 퇴비를 ha당 5톤 시용하였을 때, 칼리는 음의 양분수지를 나타냈다. 토양 중 유효인산함량은 ha당 25톤 이상의 가축분 퇴비처리에서 증가하였으며, 특히 계분퇴비구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 결국, 작물의 수량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량이 높았던 계분퇴비구에서 가장 높았으며, 식물잔사처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 가축분퇴비의 ha당 12.5톤 시용, 가축분퇴비(12.5톤/ha)와 티토니아 혼합처리 및 티토니아와 식물잔사 혼합퇴비처리구의 작물수량은 ha당 25톤의 가축분퇴비를 시용한 처리구와 비교하였을 때 현저히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 장기적인 관점으로 볼 때, ha당 25톤의 우분, 염소분 및 마분퇴비 또는 ha당 20톤의 계분퇴비 시용은 유기농 채소생산을 위해 필요로 하는 토양의 비옥도를 유지하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2019

With South Korea's limited capability of feed production because of its relatively small cultivable area, the country is pushed to depend on foreign feed imports despite the immensely fluctuating price of corn. Hence, intensive efforts to increase the total cultivable area in Korea like extending of farming to mountainous area is being practiced. Corn was planted in Goesan County, a mountainous area in the country. Grain and stover were harvested separately in three harvest periods: early-harvest (Aug 8), mid-harvest (Aug 18), and late-harvest (Aug 28). The nutrient composition such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was determined after harvest. Effective degradability (ED) of the major nutrients (DM, NDF, ADF, and CP) were measured through in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid from Hanwoo (Korean cattle). pH, ammonia-N concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and gas production were periodically measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Corn grain showed higher nutrient content and ED than stover. It also had higher gas production but its pH, ammonia-N, and total VFA concentration were lower than corn stover. The best nutrient composition of corn grain was observed in early-harvest (high CP, EE, NDF, OM, NFC, and low ADF). Early-harvest of corn grain also had high effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM), effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF), effective degradability of acid detergent fiber (EDADF), and total VFA concentration. On the other hand, the best nutrient composition of stover was observed in mid-harvest (high DM, CP, NDF, and low ADF). EDDM, EDNDF, and EDADF were pronounced in early-harvest and mid-harvest of stover but the latter showed high total VFA concentration. Hence, early and mid-harvested corn stover and grain in a mountainous area preserved their nutrients, which led to the effective degradation of major nutrients and high VFA production.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2006

유기농업을 수행하고 있는 지역 내에서 재배작물, 유기재배 형태, 경지면적, 가축사육현황, 유기물 활용실태 등을 조사하고 유기재배 농가단위의 양분수지를 산출하여 합리적인 유기자원 사용과 적정 유기물 시용에 의한 토양의 양분관리를 체계화하여 지속적인 유기농산물 생산을 위한 유기물 적정사용 기술개발을 목적으로 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기농업 경력이 $8{\sim}20$년 되고 유기농산물 품질인증을 받은 31농가를 대상으로 작물별 유기물 시용량을 조사한 결과 과수>엽채류, 과채류>벼 순으로 많았으며 채소류 재배시에는 ha당 40톤 정도를 시용하였다. 또한, 엽채류는 축분에 톱밥을 혼합하여 제조한 퇴비를 주로 사용하였으며 볏짚, 파쇄목, 쌀겨, 산야초 등 다양한 유기물 자원을 시용하는 반면에 과채류는 시용하는 유기물 원료가 단순하고 비교적 질소성분이 적은 볏짚과 우분퇴비를 영양생장기에 시용하고 생식생장기에는 양분함량이 다소 많은 유박과 산야초를 시용하였다. 상추, 신선초, 케일을 1년에 3기작으로 유기농업을 하는 농가에서 작물재배 기간 중에 생산한 수량을 기초로 하여 양분수지를 계산한 결과 상추 재배시기에 3요소 성분이 과다한 것으로 나타나 신선초 재배 후 상추와 케일 재배시는 시판퇴비의 시용량을 줄여야할 필요가 있었다. 유기농으로 벼를 재배하는 양평군 용문면 화전리 지역에서 시용한 유기물 총과 벼 생산량을 이용하여 삼요소의 양분 수지를 조사한 결과 벼 재배 표준시비량보다 질소-인산이 각각 29-10kg 과다하게 시용되고 있었다. 또한 우리나라 유기농 재배농가의 유기물 시용량은 전체적으로 과다하게 투입되는 경향이었고 이에 따라 토양의 이화학성은 벼 재배지역에서는 적정기준치에 적합하였으나 시설채소재배지에서는 적정기준치와 상당한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 보다 정적 유기물 시용을 통한 지속적인 유기농산물 생산이 가능하도록 하기 위해서는 시용하려는 유기물 자원의 화학성과 재배토양의 화학성을 분석하여 과부족한 성분이 없도록 적당한 유기물 시용량을 결정하여야 할 것으로 판단이 된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2006

Silage is a major component of cattle rations, so the improvement of silage quality by the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria is of great interest. In this study, commercially distributed Lactobacillus plantram and Lactobacillus rhamnousas NGRI 0110 were used for ensilaging of guinea grass. The four treatments used were a control silage, a silage with cellulase addition, a silage with cellulose+L. plantram addition, and a silage with cellulose + NGRI 0110 addition. Silage quality, voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility, and the characteristics of ruminal fluid of wethers were investigated. Silage to which lactic acid bacteria were added showed low pH and acetic acid concentration and the highest lactic acid content. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were significantly (p<0.05) increased by cellulase addition and significantly (p<0.05) higher values were observed in L. plantram- and NGRI 0110-added silage. Voluntary intake of NGRI 0110-added silage was the highest and that of control silage was the lowest. We concluded that the observed ability of NGRI 0110 to tolerate low pH and to continue lactic acid fermentation in high lactic acid concentration had also occurred in actual ensilaging. The results indicate that the addition of lactic acid bacteria might improve silage quality and increase digestibility and voluntary intake. The potential for improvement by NGRI 0110 was higher than that to be gained by the use of commercially available lactic acid bacteria.