• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2009

This paper provides two case studies of environmental impacts with socio-economic values. The first case is on flood protection levees conducted from 2003 to 2004 in Phu Tan district, An Giang province. The impacts were found by comparing full flood protection levees area (FFPL) to non-full flood protection levees area (NFFPL). Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools per each group of rich, middle, and poor people were used to list the impacts. Then, major impacts were selected by ranking and interviewing 60 households per site, and assessed by Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in rice production from 1996 to 2002 between two areas. The tested research indicated moving system of NFFPL to that of FFPL lost about 11 million VND/ha/year. The second case is on impacts of Penaeid shrimp farming conducted in Duyen Hai District, Tra Vinh Province in 2004-2005. Ninety households and 12 local officials were interviewed. Four PRAs were conducted and 36 water samples were taken inside and outside shrimp pond to measure values of DO, COD, Fe total, TSS, N-$NO_3{^-}$, N-$NH_4{^+}$, P-$PO{_4}^{3-}$, and Chlorophyll-a. Research results showed only 36.7% of the households got profit from shrimp farming. Highest financial efficiency was 0.72 for the semi-intensive system. Tested water indicators showed surface water quality did not match Vietnamese standard for surface water in coastal area (TCVN 5943-1995) and in rain. The water was very muddy and contaminated by organic aluminum. Summarily, the impacts were clarified more obviously via adding socio-economic values to assessment. Importantly, the values were transformed to household's income which is an indicator for policy-makers to consider the impacts obviously. Besides, data of different group of people impacted are cases contributing to consideration of the impacts in an appropriate social level.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

Objectives: This study is designed to survey the current status of trade secrets in GHS MSDS circulated in workplaces and indicate problems in the chemical information system. According to the survey results, we suggest management plans including political improvement of the trade secret system for MSDS and technical support to workplaces following enhanced chemical communication. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers working in such fields as organic chemical production. We then investigated the retention status of GHS MSDS, application of trade secrets, and the content of trade secret components in MSDSs for mixtures. Results and Conclusions: Within the results, the content of trade secret ingredients was 67.4% (single: 9.0%, mixture: 75.6%). This is an increase compared with the previous results of 45.5% in 2011. Among 59,393 GHS MSDSs, 74.5% had ingredients less than 10% trade secret components, 19.1% had 10-30%, 1.8% had 30-50%, and 4.6% had more than 50%. To settle this issue, we recommend registration or evaluation of trade secrets as implemented in advanced countries. Also, business should be required to undergo regular evaluations of application status for trade secrets in workplace GHS MSDS.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2018

Background: Since the revised Ginseng Industrial Act was passed, ginseng sprouts have become a new medicinal vegetable for which there is high consumer demand. However, the existing amount of research and data on ginseng production has not kept pace with this changed reality. Methods and Results: In this study we analyzed the changes in the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of growing ginseng sprouts during the period from when organic seedlings were planted in nursery soil until 8 weeks of cultivation had elapsed, which was when the leaves hardened. In the leaves, ginsenoside content increased 1.62 times with the panaxadiol (PD) system and 1.31 - 1.56 times with the panaxatriol (PT) system from 7 to 56 days after transplantation. During the same period, the total ginsenoside content of the stems decreased by 0.66 - 0.91 times, and those of the roots increased until the $21^{st}$ day, and then underwent steep declines. The effect of fermented press cake extract (FPCE) and tap water (TP) on the total amount of ginsenoside per plant were similar, and could be represented with the equations $y=1.4330+0.2262x-0.0008x^2$ and $y=0.9555+0.2997x-0.0031x^2$ in which y = ginsenoside content x = amount of and on the total amounts of FPCE or TP, respectively after 26.4 days, however, the difference between ginsenoside content with FPCE and TP widened. Conclusions: These results suggested that the amounts of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng varied with the cultivation period and nutrient supply. These findings also provide fundamental data on the distribution of ginsenosides among plant parts for 2-year-old ginseng plants in the early-growth stage.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2009

미생물 연료전지(MFC: Microbial Fuel Cell)는 미생물을 사용하여 유기물의 산화에서 전기를 일으키는 장치이다. 현재 MFC는 많은 곳에서 연구되고 있으며 신재생 에너지로도 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 전력생산에 영향을 미치는 각각의 요인에 관련된 연구가 많이 진행되었으나, 요인들의 상호관계에 관한 연구는 많지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 MFC를 개선하기 위해 전력의 생산을 좌우하는 요인을 조사하였으며, 요인들의 상호관계를 효율적으로 증명하기 위해 새로운 반응조를 제작하였다. 실험을 통해 얻어진 데이터를 기초로 MFC에서 전력생산에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였으며 이를 바탕으로 하폐수처리 시스템에 MFC를 적용하여 하폐수처리 및 전력을 생산한다는 새로운 개념의 에너지생산 하폐수처리 시스템을 제안하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate sugarcane bagasse as roughage in lactating cow on feed intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, milk production and composition, and microbial protein synthesis. Methods: Ten Girolando cows at initial body weight of $450{\pm}25.6kg$ and at $143.7{\pm}30.7days$ in milk were assigned in two $5{\times}5$ Latin square designs. Five 21-day experimental periods were adopted ($1^{\circ}$ to 14-day: diets adaptation period; $15^{\circ}$ to 21-day: data collection and sampling period). The diets consisted of four different levels of sugarcane bagasse (45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%) and a control diet, commonly adopted in the region, based on spineless cactus (25% sugarcane bagasse), formulated to meet 12 kg/d milk yield. Results: The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrients intakes and DM and OM digestibilities observed for 45% and 50% bagasse inclusion were similar to control diet, while that 55% and 60% bagasse inclusion were lower. Cows fed control diet, and bagasse diets of 45%, and 50% levels had the nutritional requirements attended, that guaranteed 12 kg/d of milk yield. The crude protein intake and digestibility of cows fed 45%, 50%, and 55% of bagasse inclusion were similar to control diet. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake and digestibility differ for all bagasse diets related to control diet, while the non-fiber carbohydrates intake and digestibility for cows fed 45% of bagasse were similar for control diet. The intakes and digestibilities of nutrients decreased linearly in function of bagasse inclusion; NDF and indigestible NDF intakes did not vary. The ruminating time, feeding and rumination efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and milk yield decreased linearly with sugarcane bagasse inclusion. Conclusion: Sugarcane bagasse decreases milk production; however, its inclusion level in between 45% to 50% associated to concentrate could replace diets based on spineless cactus for crossbred dairy cow's producing 12 kg/d of milk.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

In this study, a dry single-phase anaerobic digestion process (Dranco system) was investigated to evaluate the optimum operational conditions. Several factors such as injection rate of organic waste, biogas production, $CH_4$ content in the biogas, pH of the sludge, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration were investigated based on the operation of the digestion process for 2 months (short term) and 8 months (long-term). The operation results showed that a small quantity of food waste should be injected every week and that a 10% increase of the microorganism injection rate should be needed. However, normal operation was conducted after 11 weeks based on the designed quantity. The $CH_4$ content in the biogas was high at the beginning and the end of the food injection. However, it was low during week days. When the biogas production was high, the $CH_4$ concentration was low. The biogas production increased with an increase of the injection rate. $100m^3$/ton of biogas was produced from normal operation of the digestion process based on the designed quantity. The pH values of the digestion tank based on short-term operation ranged from 8 to 8.5. However, the pH values ranged from 7.45 to 8.15 after 4 weeks of long-term operation. The $NH_3$-N concentration of short-term operation ranged from 4,500 to 5,500 ppm and it gradually decreased to 2,000ppm after normal operation was commenced. For long-term operation, it was 5,000ppm initially and 3,800ppm after normal operation was commenced. The VFA concentration of sludge was less than 900ppm and 2,500ppm for short and long-term operations, respectively, after normal operation. Overall, the differences between sludge pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentrations may be due to the different types of microorganisms and the digestion ability of the microorganisms which exist in the accumulation of non digested organics. Moreover, it may be also caused by the type of food waste. Further investigation is needed to confirm these relationships.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1438-1447
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• 2018

본 연구는 추출 용매별 땅두릅 추출물과 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 발효한 후 용매별로 추출한 땅두릅 발효추출물을 이용하여 항염증 효과를 측정한 연구이다. 땅두릅은 중추신경 계통에 대한 흥분작용이 있고 혈압강하 작용이 알려져 있으며 관절염, 감기, 신경통, 류마티스, 피부가려움증 등에 쓰인다. LPS (lipopolysaccharide)로 염증을 유도한 마우스 유래 macrophage에서의 NO 생성 및 염증관련인자의 발현에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 항염증 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 건조 땅두릅을 water, ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol을 이용하여 추출한 추출물들과 L. plantarum으로 발효한 후 추출한 추출물들에서 RAW264.7 대식세포에 대한 독성 여부를 측정하였고, 세포에 대한 독성이 나타나지 않는 농도에서 추출물의 항염증 활성을 확인하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 추출물은 LPS로 유도된 NO 생성을 유의적으로 억제하였으며, 주요 염증 유발인자인 COX-2와 iNOS의 발현 또한 유의적으로 억제하는 효과를 나타냈다. 염증관련 cytokine인 $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 생성량 또한 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과로부터 땅두릅을 L. plantarum으로 발효한 후 water, ethanol, butanol로 추출하였을 때 염증 억제 효과가 있는 기능성 식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

본 연구는 마우스를 대상으로 유기게르마늄 강화효모 경구투여에 의한 면역조절작용 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 마우스를 대상으로 9일간 경구투여한 결과 대조군인 게르마늄 비강화 효모 투여군에 비해 복강대식세포, B세포, NK 세포의 활성이 현저히 증가한 것으로 확인되었으며, 최종 실험결과 대식세포는 게르마늄 강화효모 투여 후 식세포활성, 주화성, 부착성, rosette 형성능 현저히 증가하였다. Superoxide $anion(O_2^-)$ 생성능은 대조군에 비해 유기게르마늄 강화군 투여군에서 3배 활성이 증가하였으며, NO 생성능과 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생성능도 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. B-세포 활성화에 의한 cytolytic activity 증가에 의한 PFC형성능도 게르마늄 비강화 효모에 비해 현저히 증가하였으며 상업화 유기게르마늄으로 알려지고 있는 Ge-132에 비해 2배 이상 높은 활성이 확인되었다. Cytotoxic acivity에 의한 항 종양활성에서는 양성대조군인 Doxorubicin 투여군에서와 유사한 저해활성을 나타내었으며 고용량 유기게르마늄 효모(2,400 mg/kg) 투여시 60%의 종양활성 억제효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유기게르마늄 강화효모가 실험동물 뿐만 아니라 인체의 유용한 면역조절제로서의 이용성이 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2021

김치의 재료로 우리나라에서 중요한 채소인 배추는 호냉성으로 여름에는 서늘한 고랭지역에서 주로 재배된다. 고랭지에서 배추 재배 시 주로 배추를 매년 이어짓기하거나 감자와 번갈아 가면서 재배하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 두 가지 작부체계 하에서 토양 물리화학성, 배추 생산성 그리고 배추 무기성분의 차이를 분석하고 평가하였다. 결과적으로 토양 내 유기물, 유효인산, 칼륨(K⁺)은 두 작부체계 모두 6년의 재배 이후 감소하였으며, 토양 pH는 배추 이어짓기 작부에서만 감소하였다. 표토의 공극률 또한 두 작부체계에서 모두 감소하였으나 감자와 돌려짓기 작부에서는 심토의 공극률이 증가하였다. 돌려짓기 작부에서는 배추와 잎의 크기가 유의하게 높아 높은 수량을 얻었다. 식물체 분석 결과 6년의 재배 이후 두 작부체계 모두 배추의 총 질소, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺은 증가하고 총탄소와 인산함량은 감소하였는데, 총질소와 Mg²⁺은 이어짓기 작부에서 Ca²⁺은 돌려짓기 작부에서 감소하여 배추 재배 시 작부체계가 토양의 물리화학성과 작물의 생산성에 영향을 줌을 시사하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Liquid fertilizers can provide nutrients to crops effectively and quickly. Amino acid liquid fertilizers produced by decomposing the residues of rendered livestock carcasses are expected to be effective in improving the productivity and quality of crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatment conditions for maize cultivation were control (Cn), inorganic fertilizer (IF), inorganic fertilizer and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (IF+RALF), compost (CP), compost and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (CP+RALF). Crop productivity, sugar content, and nutrient uptake were investigated after maize harvest in the field applied with liquid fertilizers. Maize yields ranged from 87.6-158 g/plant, and the yield increased by 7.9% and 12.9% in IF+RALF IF+RALF and CP+RALF than in IF and CP, respectively. The maize sugar content increased in the range of 0.1-0.5 brix % by rendering residue liquid fertilizer (RALF) fertilization, and the sugar content was the highest in CP+RALF. There was no significant change in soil chemical properties of the soil due to liquid fertilizer treatment. CONCLUSION(S): RALF increased yield and sugar content in maize cultivation, and fertilization with organic fertilizers was more effective for maize cultivation than inorganic fertilizers. Residues of rendered livestock carcass can be recycled as amino acid fertilizers, which can be effectively used for crop production and quality improvement.