• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1230-1237
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• 2003

Organic farming is an emerging area for crop and livestock production, processing, marketing, trade and consumption, and, therefore, for research all over the world. In developed countries it has made significant inroads but the developing countries especially the Asian countries are in the stage of conception only, as far as organic livestock production is concerned. Some Latin American countries have started exporting organic meat products to developed countries. In such a scenario, information needed in the area of organic livestock production has increased significantly. This paper reviews the developments so far and prospects for future for organic meat production in Asian countries.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2003

본 실험은 유황을 육용 교잡계에 급여하여 성장능력, 계육의 물리$.$화학적인 성상, 항체가, 관능검사에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실행하였다. 8주령 교잡 육용계를 케이지에 암수 1:1의 비율로 처리구당 4반복으로 반복당 18수씩 총 288수를 배치하여 3주간 사양실험을 실행하였다. 유황은 황 함유량이 45%제재로서 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0%를 시판용 사료에 첨가하여 급여하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 주간별로 측정하여 계산하였으며, 실험 종료시에 계육의 일반성분, 물리$.$화학적인 성상, 백신항체가, 관능검사를 실행하였다. 유황 급여구에서 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 대조구와 통계적인 차이가 없었지만 복강지방은 대조구에 비하여 증대되는 경향을 보였다. 가슴육의 지방함량은 유황급여구가 대조구에 비하여 매우 낮았으며(P＜0.05), 적색도가 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 조리감량은 유황 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 낮았으며(P<0.05), 조직감 특성중 응집성, 탄력성 및 검성은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 관능평가 결과 유황을 첨가함에 따라 다즙성은 증가하고, 기름이 있는 입촉감은 감소하는 경향을 보여(P<0.05) 유황 첨가가 닭고기의 수용도에 좋은 영향을 주는데 기여하였으며, 씹힘성은 유황 첨가수준 2%에서 가장 연한 것으로 나타났으며(P＜0.01) 닭고기에 대한 전체적인 수용도는 유황 2% 첨가구에서 통계적인 차이를 보였으므로 가장 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. 유황의 급여로 혈액의 AST, ALT, BUN은 대조구와 차이가 없었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2014

Even though consumers' concern about food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat becomes one of the main issues of food consumption in Korea, university students' interest about food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat was not often discussed. We realized that the cafeteria of university is one of the largest consumption points for the chicken meat of university students, and tried to analyze university students' consumption of food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat at the cafeterias of university. The object of this paper is to conduct survey analysis about the students' behavior for consumption of food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat at the cafeterias of university and to measure WTP(Willingness-to-pay) for the food cooked with food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat. The results present that most of students show higher preference of environment-friendly chicken meat than food-safety certified chicken meat, and that they can pay 1,329.9 Korean won for food cooked with environment-friendly chicken meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2020

The effects of organic Zn-L-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) at 0.3 ppm on carcass composition, meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, glutathione peroxidase activity, and ribonucleotide content were compared against the commercial inorganic sodium selenite (Na-Se) and the combination of the two, in commercial broilers. A total of 540 one day-old chicks were assigned at random to 3 dietary treatments : i) commercial inorganic selenium as control or T1, ii) a 1:1 ratio of inorganic and organic selenium as T2, and iii) organic selenium as T3. Carcass composition, meat characteristics, cholesterol content, fatty acid composition, and ribonucleotide content were generally unaffected by treatments. However, discrepancy were significantly observed in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and water holding capacity, with organic selenium showing higher glutathione peroxidase activity (p<0.01) and lower shrinkage loss (p<0.05), respectively. These findings could be explained by the contribution of organic selenium in bioavailability of GSH-Px. However, having conducted in a commercial close house system with sufficient amount of nutritional supplementation, the present study demonstrated little or no effects of organic Zn-L-SeMet on meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, and ribonucleotide content (flavor characteristic) in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.838-844
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• 2016

This study assessed the influence of genetic type (Embden-Anser anser, EE; Toulouse-Anser anser, TT and F1 cross, ET) for meat characteristics (carcass, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) profiles), of domestic geese "Anser anser domesticus" raised in dehesa as an alternative, organic feeding system. Carcass and breast muscle weight (p<0.01) were greater for the ET group at the same live weight. None of the groups showed differences in the production of fatty liver with this type of feeding. Higher values were found for maximum Warner-Bratzler shear force (between 7.62 and $8.87kg/cm^2$), which implies the improvement of this parameter. High levels of oleic FAs were obtained, especially for the TT group. The polyunsaturated/saturated FA ratio was highest for the ET group (p<0.001), reflecting the optimum nutritional values as a component of a healthy consumer diet.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2011

The influence of supplementing diets with various levels of organic zinc (OZ) on the performance, meat quality attributes, and sensory properties of broiler chickens was investigated. A total of 3,200 1-d-old female broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 floor pens (replicates) with 200 birds per pen. A corn-wheat-soybean meal basal diet (control) was formulated and 20 ppm OZ (20 OZ), 40 ppm OZ (40 OZ), or 80 ppm OZ (80 OZ) was added to the basal diet to form four dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment. Live performance of broiler chickens, meat quality, and sensory properties were evaluated. The results showed no significant difference among the treatments for live performance of broiler chickens. Significant increases (p<0.05) in thigh skin epidermis and dermis thickness were shown in the OZ supplementation groups; however, no effect of OZ on the thickness of back skin epidermis or dermis was found. Dietary OZ levels did not affect the pH of breast and thigh meat or the water holding capacity (WHC) of thigh meat, but the WHC of breast meat increased significantly (p<0.05) when birds were fed 40 OZ and 80 OZ. Results of a sensory analysis showed no differences among the dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary OZ did not affect live performance or sensory properties of broiler chickens but did increase the WHC of breast meat and thickness of skin layers; thus, improving carcass quality in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1600-1607
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• 2014

A total of 120 finishing pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $49.72{\pm}1.72kg$ were used in 12-wk trial to evaluate the effects of protected organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal micro flora, meat quality and fecal gas emission. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (10 replication pens with 4 pigs per pen) in a randomly complete block design based on their initial BW. Each dietary treatment consisted of: Control (CON/basal diet), OA1 (basal diet+0.1% organic acids) and OA2 (basal diet+0.2% organic acids). Dietary treatment with protected organic acid blends linearly improved (p<0.001) average daily gain during 0 to 6 week, 6 to 12 week as well as overall with the increase in their inclusion level in the diet. The dry matter, N, and energy digestibility was higher (linear effect, p<0.001) with the increase in the dose of protected organic acid blends during 12 week. During week 6, a decrease (linear effect, p = 0.01) in fecal ammonia contents was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends on d 3 and d 5 of fermentation. Moreover, acetic acid emission decreased linearly (p = 0.02) on d7 of fermentation with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. During 12 weeks, linear decrease (p<0.001) in fecal ammonia on d 3 and d 5 and acetic acid content on d 5 of fermentation was observed with the increase in the level of protected organic acid blends. Supplementation of protected organic acid blends linearly increased the longissimus muscle area with the increasing concentration of organic acids. Moreover, color of meat increased (linear effect, quadratic effect, p<0.001, p<0.002 respectively) and firmness of meat showed quadratic effect (p = 0.003) with the inclusion of increasing level of protected organic acid in the diet. During the 6 week, increment in the level of protected organic acid blends decreased (linear effect, p = 0.01) Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts and increased (linear effect, p = 0.004) Lactobacillus counts. During 12-wk of experimental trial, feces from pigs fed diet supplemented with organic acid blends showed linear reduction (p<0.001) of E. coli counts and the tendency of linear increase (p = 0.06) in Lactobacillus count with the increase in the level of organic acid blends. In conclusion, 0.2% protected organic acids blends positively affected growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs without any adverse effects on blood parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2010

고기구이 스모크와 같은 바이오매스 소각에서 발생하는 스모크는 도시의 미세먼지중 유기성 탄소물질을 구성하는 주요 오염원이다. 미세먼지의 오염원 기여도를 산출하기 위한 화학수지모델(Chemical Mass Balance:CMB)에서는 배출원 오염물분포자료(Source Profile)가 필수이다. 바이오매스를 비롯한 고기구이 스모크의 오염물분포자료를 작성하기 위하여 유기성 지표물질들을 분석하였다. 고기구이에서 발생한 스모크를 PM10 채취기로 채취하여 용매추출, 유도체화반응, 중수소가 함유된 표준물질을 투입하여 Gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS)로 팔미트산, 스테아르산, 올레인산과 같은 지방산과 콜레스테롤, 다환방향족탄화수소를 측정하였으며, 동시에 PM10 필터시료의 유기성(OC) 및 원소성 탄소(EC)를 OCEC 분석기에 의하여 측정하였다. 쇠고기구이 스모크로부터 채취한 PM10시료의 OC에서 콜레스테롤, 총포화지방산, 불포화지방산의 함량은 0.056 wt%, 2.727 wt%, 0.278 wt%이며, 돼지고기 구이 스모크로부터 채취한 PM10시료의 OC에서는 0.062 wt%, 2.022 wt%, 0.438 wt%를 차지하고 있었다. 쇠고기와 돼지고기 구이 스모크 OC에서 총 PAH화합물의 함량은 0.116 wt%와 0.044 wt% 이었는데, 그중에 단일 화합물로서 benzo(a)pyrene은 0.0071 wt%와 0.0023 wt%이었다. 콜레스테롤을 기준으로 각 지표물질의 무게 비율은 외국에서 발표된 고기구이 배출원 오염물분포자료와 거의 일치하여 유기성 에어로솔의 오염원 기여도를 산출하는 배출원 오염물분포자료로서 사용할 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic selenium in mushroom cultured media (MCM) on beef quality. Each five of 20 Hanwoo steers(20 - 24 month, approximately 613 kg) were assigned to four levels of the selenium content(O.l, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 dry matter based ppm), and the feeding treatments were enforced for 12 weeks. The results showed that m. longissimus from the 0.1 ppm feeding supplementation had greatly higher intramuscular fat content than other treatments(13.1 %). In meat color, the 0.1 ppm treatment showed the lowest lightness(CIE $L^*$)(P< 0.05) and had a tendency to have lower redness(CIE $a^*$). The treatment had no noticeable effect on moisture, protein, and ash content, cooking loss, water-holding capacity and purge loss. The 0.3 ppm treatment resulted in the toughest meat(assessed by WB-shear force) with 4.54 kg / inch', while other groups showed a similar toughness ranging from 3.3 to 3.7 kg/ inchl . Sensory characteristics in juiciness and flavor intensity had a tendency of increasing as organic selenium concentration increased, but tenderness was not influenced by the contents. The result indicated that the organic selenium feeding affects meat qualities to different extent, and further study is required to examine anti-oxidant effect of selenium in vivo.