• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2024

This study investigated the effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethanol on reducing Staphylococcus aureus on gloves depending on material and food contaminant. S. aureus inoculated onto rubber gloves with various organic substances (pork extract, perilla leaf extract, and 0.2% peptone water) and inoculated rubber gloves were stored in a desiccator at 100% RH and 25℃ for 24 h before treatments with distilled water, ethanol, or sodium hypochlorite. Levels of S. aureus were significantly reduced on both types of rubber gloves when treated with ethanol and sodium hypochlorite. However, sodium hypochlorite treatment resulted in 3.27 log CFU/each of S. aureus in pork extract on nitrile gloves, indicating that the effectiveness of disinfection may vary depending on the glove material and the type of organic substance. The results of this study suggest that ethanol treatment is the most effective disinfection method for S. aureus on rubber gloves, regardless of the material and organic substances.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1998

Glucosidic bonds at the C20 position of the sapogenins were hydrolyzed easily in the lower pH, higher temperatures and longer times to give prosapogenins and sugars. The glucosidic bond of saponin at the C3 of ginsenoside-Rb1, which is secondary carbon, was relatively stable due to the low electron density of -0.2. But the bond of saponin at the C20 position, which is tertiary carbon with the relatively high electron density of -0.3, was liable to be hydrolyzed even in weakly acidic solution by the increase of heating time. On the other hand, red ginseng contained 13.34 mg/g of citric acid, 8.78 mg/g of malonic acid, 3.70 mg/g of oxalic acid, 2.13 mg/g of malic acid and 0.44 mg/g of succinct acid. Ginseng saponins were very stable in ginseng extract neutralized with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate corresponding to the equivalent amount of the total organic acid in the red ginseng.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2015

Zein/Poria cocos extract nanofibers were prepared based on the electrospinning of aqueous solutions with different Poria cocos extract concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%). The electrospinning parameters, including the polymer contents, voltage, and tip-to-collector distance (TCD), were optimized for the fabrication process. The resulting electrospun materials were all characterized using field-emission scanningelectron microscopy (FE-SEM). The diameters of the electrospun zein nanofibers were found to increase when increasing the zein concentration.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, Chemical antiseptics have become great problems for health and environmental, so that developing of new substitutes for chemical antiseptics is more and more important. Natural product is a kind of environment-friendly additive that could be used as antiseptic in food industry. Thuja orientalis cv Aurea Nana is a gymnospermous plant of the family Cupressaceae, native to northwestern China and widely naturalised elsewhere in Korea and Japan. This study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of various organic extracts from T. orientalis cones against some food-borne and food-spoilage bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hexane extract (HE), chloroform extract (CE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and methanol extract (ME) were obtained from female cones of T. orientalis. The antibacterial activities of various extracts were tested by standard agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against five gram-positive and six gram-negative bacteria. Cell viability and morphology change of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 treated with hexane extract were also observed. The various extracts displayed remarkable antibacterial effects against all the gram-positive bacteria but did not show any effect against the gram-negative bacteria. Hexane extract has the highest inhibitory effect on cell viability of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943. SEM observation also demonstrated the damaging effect of the hexane extract on the morphology of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 at the minimum inhibitory concentration. CONCLUSION(s): The tested gram-positive bacteria were significantly inhibited by organic extracts of T. orientalis cone. Hexane extract was the most potent against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 10943, as evidenced by the lowest MIC level and the complete inhibition of cell viability within shortest exposure time, along with SEM observation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study purposed to examine the effect of Cudraniae Lignum, which is the wooden part of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae), on cytokine secretion from the joint cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen and verify its efficacy against rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We prepared the hot-water extract, ethanol extract and methanol extract of Cudraniae Lignum, and tested their effects on cytokine secretion from the joint cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen. Results : 1. Cudraniae Lignum reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1$\beta$, INF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 from joint cells. 2. The effect for reducing the secretion of IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 was strong in order of methanol extract, ethanol extract and hot water extract. 3. Considering the effect on cytokine secretion, the effective element is soluble in organic solvent, and is not volatile. 4. The ethanol extract and methanol extract of Cudraniae Lignum lowered the survival rate of cells significantly, but still the survival rate was over 92%, suggesting the low toxicity of the extracts. Conclusions : Cudraniae Lignum is considered effective for rheumatoid arthritis, and the effective element is considered soluble in organic solvent.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2005

This trial was carried out to determine effects of organic feeds in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats. Twelve Korean native goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and then they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet (A) as a control group and three organic feed groups (B: organic rice straw, C: organic nee leaves, D: organic mixture of rice straw and tree leaves). The A treatment, conventional diet, consisted of common rice straw and commercial concentrates at a proportion of 60 and 40%, respectively. All ingredients of organic feeds treatments were organically produced-agricultural products without any application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Four experimental diets were formulated to have the same ratio of forage to concentrate and similar contents for protein and carbohydrate across treatments and they were offered to goats ad libitum. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were investigated. For chemical compositions of experimental diets, all nutrients except crude ash and ether extract were not significantly different across treatments as we expected. Crude ash content was highest in the A treatment (P<0.05), however, it was not significantly different among organic feeds treatments. Ether extract content was higher (P<0.05) in C and D treatments than in A and B. Even if dry matter intakes for organic feeds treatments were not significantly different among them, they were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with conventional diet. Fecal excreta were not significantly different across treatments, resulting in significantly higher digestible dry matter (g/day) in treatments of organic feeds (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were more increased (P<0.01) in treatments of organic feeds compared with conventional diet. Digestibilities for most of nutrients except NFC had the same trend as ADG and FE, however, NFC digestibilities for C and D treatments were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of A and B. Nitrogen intakes for organic feeds treatments were significantly higher (P<0.001) than conventional diet, with no difference among organic feeds treatments. Fecal nitrogen loss was higher (P<0.05) for C and D treatments than for A and B. Retained nitrogen contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) for organic feeds treatments than for conventional diet, but nitrogen retention rate did not show any difference across treatments. The results showed that organic feed supplementation more improved feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with conventional diet, and thus they could be concluded that organic feeds might contribute to animal performance and a safer production of animal product.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

본 연구는 침엽수 추출물의 사료내 첨가 급여가 유기 육계의 생산성, 장기 변화 및 장내 미생물 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실행하였다. 시험 설계는 대조구(C), 대조구+항생제 1.0%(+C), 침엽수 분말 3.0%(T1), 침엽수 추출물 0.05% (T2), 0.10%(T3) 첨가한 5개 처리구로 하였다. 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩 전체 200수 1일령 육계($Ross\;{\times}\;Ross$)를 35일간 평사에 배치하였다. 실험 전 기간의 증체량은 항생제 첨가구인 +C구와 침엽수 추출물 0.1% 첨가구인 T3구에서 제일 높았으며, 대조구와 침엽수 분말을 첨가한 T1구는 다른 처리구보다 낮았다. 사료 요구율은 T1구가 다른 처리구보다 현저하게 높았으며, +C와 T3에서 우수하였다. 소장무게는 대조구와 +C구가 제일 높았지만 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었으며, 소장의 길이는 T1이 제일 길었으며, +C구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 짧았다(P<0.05). 근위 중량은 T2구가 유의적으로 가장 무거웠으며 (P<0.05), 비장 무게는 대조구가 가장 낮았지만(P<0.05), 맹장과 간 무게는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 융모 길이는 대조구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 길게 나타났으며(P<0.05). 장내 미생물도 대조구가 처리구보다 유의적으로 높거나 (P<0.05), 높은 경향을 보였다. 에너지 및 단백질 소화율은 대조구와 T1구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). IgG 농도는 대조구와 T1에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 본 실험 결과 침엽수 추출물의 급여는 부산물과 대조구에 비하여 사료의 영양소 이용율을 개선하였고, 성장도 개선하는 경향을 보였으며, 항생제 처리구와 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 항생제 대체재로서 가능성을 보였으며, 유기육계 사육에 생산 능력을 개선하는 사료 첨가제로써 가치가 있었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 포도껍질 추출물에서 항산화 물질과 당을 분리하기 위한 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 먼저, 다양한 유기용매를 추출용매로의 사용 가능 성을 조사하였다. 아세톤, 에탄올, DMSO 또는 DMF 사용 시 유기용매-추출물 혼합물은 단일 상으로 존재하였고 벤젠, 에틸아세테이트, 또는 n-헥산을 추출물에 첨가 시 유기용매 상과 수용액 상으로 분리되었으나 색소물질은 여전히 수용액 상에 잔류하였다. 한편 폴리에틸렌 글리콜-2,000(PEG-2,000)과 구연산 나트륨을 추출물에 첨가 시, 혼합액은 세 개의 층으로 분리되었고 추출물에 존재하는 대부분의 플라보노이드가 상층액으로 이동한 반면 추출물 포도당의 53%가 하층액으로 이동하였다. 하층액에서는 항산화 활성이 관찰되지 않은 반면 상층액은 강한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. PEG 분자량이 증가함에 따라 하층액의 포도당 회수율이 증가하여 PEG-8,000을 첨가하여 얻은 하층액의 포도당 회수율은 가장 높은 67%였다. 플라보노이드 분리는 PEG-2,000 > PEG-8,000 > PEG-400 순서로 높았다. 그리고 PEG-2,000을 사용하여 얻은 상층액과 하층액의 플라보노이드 회수율은 각각 48과 0.2%였다. 아가 디스크 확산법을 이용하여 분리액이 효모균 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 추출물, 상층액, 및 하층액 첨가가 효모균 생장을 저해하지 않음을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.22-35
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal organic extracts on the pain response provoked by noxious stimuli on dental nerve and the peripheral nerve conduction. Cats (2-2.5Kg regardless of sex) that were chosen as experimental animals were classified into control group, Asiasari radix application group and Zingiberis rhizoma application group. They were anesthetized with ${\alpha}$-chloralose, then anterior belly of digastric muscle of both sides were exposed and wire electrodes were inserted for recording of Electromyogram (EMG). Cavities were prepared on canines until pulp of the teeth were exposed. And after the drugs solubilized for 2% and 4% concentration (W/V) in vehicle were applied, their effects were compared through the recording of EMG immediately after drug application, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 5 days after, respectively. And after both inferior alveolar nerves were exposed, 4% organic extracts of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix were applied for 30 minutes then the change of jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerves were observed immediately after washing out, at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after drug had been washed out. After saphenous nerve of both sides were exposed, one side of nerve was used for vehicle application and the other side was used for drug application for 30 minutes. Then conduction of action potential of A-${\delta}$ and C-fiders of saphenous nerves, which have changed with time, was recorded. With analysis of these records, the following results were obtained: 1. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma (2% or 4% concentration) greatly suppressed EMG of digastric muscle provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve at five days after application, the suppressive: effect was greater than that of organic extract of Asiasari radix. 2. Organic extract of Asiasari radix (2% or 4% concentration) suppressed jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve, at 5 days after drug application. 3. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix (immediately after 30 minutes application) suppressed neural conduction of A-${\delta}$ and C-fibers, the suppressive effect was greater on A-${\delta}$ fibers than on C-fibers. 4. Jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve in inferior alveolar nerve was greatly suppressed 30 minutes after drug application, this effect was greater by Zingiberis rhizoma than by Asiasari radix.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2008

To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, methanol extracts from 17 medicinal plants were screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 6 wood rot fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of extracts was tested by using paper disc soaking method against wood-rot fungi. Among these extracts, the most significant antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of Coptis japonica at 5 mg/disc against all wood rot fungi tested. The insecticidal activity of extracts was examined by topical application against L. serricorne adults. The extracts from Asarum sieboldii gave 83.3 % mortality at $25{\mu}g/adult$ for 24hr. From these result, the methanol extract from C. japonica and A. sieboldii described could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by wood rot fungi and L. serricorne.