• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

The present study was performed to investigate the binding affinity of the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) for melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor (MCH-1) and also to examine the antagonistic effect of them for the recombinant MCH-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells. EMA, dichloromethane fraction (EMA-D) and EMA-DM exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor in receptor binding assays ($IC_{50}$ value: 2.3, 1.6 and $1.0{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). Other plant materials (MMA-D, MMA-DM) obtained from methanol extracts from the leaves of Morus alba (MMA) also exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor, even though the $IC_{50}$ values of them were lower than those of EMA-D and EMA-DM. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human MCH-1, EMA-DM and EMA-D significantly inhibited MCH-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase ($IC_{50}$ values: 16.5 and $22.7{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). These results clearly indicate that the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) are novel selective MCH-1 receptor antagonist, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

In this study, we evaluated antifungal and antioxidant activities of condensed liquid of volatile organic compounds generated during the drying process of Chamaecyparis obtuse. Condensed liquid of volatile organic compounds were extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The extracts were used for antifungal activity at range from 100 to 500 mg/L Antifungal activity of extracts increased as the extracts concentration increased, the activity against tested dermatophytes was high at 500 mg/L. Among extract solvents, antifungal activity was higher at hexane extract than the ethyl acetate. Especially, the antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum was higher than other tested dermatophytes. Antioxidant activity was 90% above 25 mg/L regardless of the extractive solvents, while the hexane extract showed high antioxidant activity below 25 mg/L. Major compounds of hexane extract were torreyol, alpha-cadinol, and tau-cadinol. However, major compounds of ethyl acetate extract were alpha-amorphene, alpha-cadinol, and gamma-cadinene.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

Herbicidal effects and crop selectivity of aqueous leaf extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were evaluated against several weed species for developing sustainable weed management in organic farming. Aqueous sorghum leaf extracts were highly phytotoxic to different weed species. No broadleaf weeds were germinated in the concentration of 5 fold or higher concentrated sorghum leaf extracts and 90% of seed germination was inhibited within that range in grass species. Sorghum leaf extracts strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds by pre-emergence and foliar applications in greenhouse condition. Foliar application of sorghum leaf extracts had a higher inhibitory effect than the pre-emergence application. Broadleaf weed species were more susceptible than grasses to the application of sorghum leaf extract in foliar applications than grasses. Galium spurium, Erigeron candensis, and Rumex japonicus were completely killed at the highest concentrated sorghum leaf extract both in pre-emergence and foliar application. Most broadleaf weed species were inhibited more than 80% at pre-emergence application at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. G. spurium, E. candensis, R. japonicus, Eclipta alba, Plantago asiatica and Portulaca oleraeea were most susceptible to sorghum leaf extract in foliar application. Growth of most broad leaf weed species was suppressed by greater than 90% at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. Most crop species were tolerant to sorghum leaf extract but shoot growth was slightly reduced by the application of 40~50 fold concentrated extracts, Sorghum leaf extract may used to control weeds in organic fanning without affecting the growth of crop.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

The mortality was tested to organic control materials to the E. maslovskii adults by the dipping method in laboratory. As the result, in 2014, the extracts of Neem I was not shown control effect by 10.2% control efficacy to E. maslovskii adults in laboratory. The extract of Sophora flavescens roots was shown 84.7% mortality. And other 5 materials were shown 100% insecticidal activity to the adults in laboratory. I n 2015, Plant extract+pyrolignous acid Matrine 0.45% and Plant extract Matrine 0.5+paraffin oil 8% were shown 100% and 94.6% control efficacy, respectively. In the Japanese apricot orchards, the fruit damage rate was low on spray at 21th April in Daap, Gwangyang city, and 8th May Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province in 2014. The fruit damage rate differed from spray timing and materials, but it was considered that the control of E. maslovskii should be in late April to early May. Otherwise, in 2015, the fruit damage was significantly low in late April spray in Daap, but no significant was in between one spray at 21th, 27th April and 2 spray that days. Meanwhile, the control effect was better 2 times spray of the days in Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province. Therefore, in organic Japanese apricot, the use of insecticidal materials recommended to control over twice spay in from meddle to late April.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1986

The writer measured methemoglobin formation with solvent (n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol) organic extracts from the sediments of the Wonju stream run through Wonju city on Octover 2nd, 1985. Hemoglobin was converted to methemoglobin with the n-hexane extract obtained from the sediment of the St. C and St. D was polluted industrial wastewater, but not with that from the St. B was polluted with the urban wastewater. The formation of methemoglobin was remarkable with the all solvent extracts from the sediment of the uper stream of the Wonju stream. Doses of the solvent extracts for 20% methemoglobin formation in the researched Wonju streams were as follows; 0.095～0.28 mg/m.$\ell$ in n-hexane extract. 0.85-1.3 mg/ m$\ell$ in methanol extract and 1.95～2.80 mg/m$\ell$ in ethylacetate extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1430-1436
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• 2017

This study assessed the effects of treatment with sap extract from onion residues postharvest and purslane on the quality and quantity of organic onions. At the bending stage, onions treated with the sap extract showed vigorous growth, with higher plant heights, more leaves, and longer sheath lengths than untreated onions. The onion yield was significantly increased when the plant was treated with extracted sap as compared with that of untreated plants (p<0.05). The bulb weight distribution of onions in the mixed onion and purslane treatment was also significantly increased (~300 g) as compared with that of the other treatment (p<0.05). Except for CaO and S, the mineral content of the onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract mixture was higher than those of onions in the other treatment. The hardness of onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract was significantly increased (8% and 20%, respectively) as compared with that of onions produced from plants treated with the onion extract only or no treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the sugar contents of the onions produced from extract-treated and nonextract-treated plants. Postharvest, the content of inorganic components (phosphate, calcium, sulfuric acid, and manganese) was higher in soil treated with the onion extract than in soil treated with the onion and purslane extract and non-treated soil. It can be concluded that residues left after onion harvests and purslane extract can be used as natural and environmentally friendly materials for the cultivation of organic onions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.257-270
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• 2022

The aim of this work was to prepare a new biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) submicron fiber mat loaded with hypericin-rich Hypericum perforatum raw extract by centrifugal spinning technology, an alternative approach to the traditional method of electrospinning to fabricate nanofibers or microfibers from solutions at high speed and low cost. Hypericins in methanol/acetone extract of H. perforatum were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS and HPLC/PDA. Submicron fiber mats composed of pure PHB or PHB enriched with H. perforatum extract were prepared using a pilot plant demonstrator for the centrifugal spinning technology and characterized by SEM. Singlet oxygen production was quantified by the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPIBF) method in hexane. The results proved a significant production of singlet oxygen by the prepared submicron fiber mat. We also found a significant antibacterial activity against the bacterial strain Escherichia coli CCM 5417 by a method in accordance with JIS Z 2801/ISO 22196 standards. The H. perforatum extract-enriched PHB submicron fiber mats showed potential for the development of self-cleaning and antimicrobial air filters.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 1979

It order to extract the soluble organic substances of Korean ginseng effectively, the ginseng extract have been made by using amylase. The investigation on the optimum condition of enzyme reaction was carried out, and the amounts of gained extract and its saponin pattern were compared among the ethanol extract, water extract and enzyme extract. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The gaining ratio or ginseng extract was the highest value when the raw ginseng and dried ginseng were extracted in the concentration of 7.5% and 5% with 0.3%∼0.6% enzyme for 25 hour. 2. The amounts of ethanol extract, water extract and enzyme extract were 9.14%, 17.23% and 23.73% in case of raw ginseng and 64.09%, 72.52% and 74.36% in case of dried ginseng, respectively. The amount of enzyme extract was increased as much as 6∼14% in case of raw ginseng, and 2∼10% in case of dried ginseng compared with that of ethanol and water extract. 3. The absolute content of saponin was nearly constant in spite of the different extraction method and all of the ginseng saponin pattern of thin-layer chromatograms were almost same.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

Antibacterial activity is an important feature for the development of antibiotics alternatives. Plant extract is considered as a promising alternative for organic farming. In this study, a total of 11 plants were extracted using ethanol to determine their antibacterial activities against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum. The synergistic interaction among plant extracts was also investigated. Plants used in this study were Carthamus nctoricus L. (pA), Poncirus trifollata Raf. (pB), Scutellaria balcalensis Georgi (pC) Prunus sargentii (pD), Cucurbita moschata $D_{UCH}$ Leaf (pE), Allium cepa L. peel (pF) Portulaca oleracea L. (pG), Xanthium strumarium L. (pH), Duchesnea chrysantha (pI), Cudrania tricuspidata (pJ) and Juniperus chinensis L. (pK). The pB and pA had the most broad antibacterial spectrum and the highest activity against to Staph. aureus among plant extract, respectively. In the synergistic interaction, the mixtures of pA and pC as well as pA and pF had batter antibacterial activity against to Staph. Aureus compared with other mixtures.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 1982

Uremia is associated with defective protein binding of weakly acidic drugs, whereas the protein binding of basic drugs tends to be normal. The exact chemical nature of compound(s) and mechanism for these changes as yet is unknown, and has not been defined. Organic solvent extraction of pooled normal human urine following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid produced an extract, which when added to normal human serum, was capable of inducing binding defects similar to those in uremia. Binding defects were observed with the weakly acidic drugs such as nafcillin, salicylate, sulfamethoxazole and phenytoin while the binding of the basic drugs such as trimethoprim and quinidine were unaffected. The binding defects induced by the hydrolyzed urine extract could readily be corrected by same organic solvent extraction of acidified serum and the defects could be transferred to the normal human serum using the organic solvent layer at the physiologic pH (7.4). Followed by reacidification ind extraction of the binding defects induced serum with the same solvent, separated several fractions were obtained on thin-layer chromatography. One of these fractions could reinduce the binding defects and this factor(s) is apparently weakly acidic compounds and tightly bound to serum at physiologic pH, but extractable at acidic pH, and its molecular weight range is approximately 500 or less similar to those seen in uremia. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the drug binding defect in uremia is due to the accumulation of endogenous metabolic products which arc normally excreted by the kidneys but accumulate in renal failure.