• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1491-1494
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• 2008

A novel platinum aminoalkoxide complex, Pt$(dmamp)_2$ has been prepared by the reaction of cis-$(py)_2PtI_2$ with two equivalents of Na(dmamp) (dmamp = 1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propanolate). Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the Pt(dmamp)2 complex keeps a square planar geometry with each two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms having trans configuration. Platinum films have been deposited on TaN/ Ta/Si substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using Pt$(dmamp)_2$. As-deposited platinum thin films did not contain any appreciable amounts of impurities except a little carbon. As the deposition temperature was increased, the films resistivity and deposition rate increased. The electrical resistivity (13.6 $\mu\Omega$cm) of Pt film deposited at 400 ${^{\circ}C}$ is a little higher than the bulk value (10.5 $\mu\Omega$cm) at 293 K. The chemical composition, crystalline structure, and morphology of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2014

White rot fungi have been useful source of enzymes for the degradation of environmental pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic dyes. PAHs are widespread organic compounds present in fossil fuels and are routinely generated by incomplete fuel combustion. PAHs are some of the major toxic pollutants of water and soil environments. Synthetic dyes are major water-pollutants, which are toxic to organisms in water environments and interfere photosynthesis of water plants. Removal of PAHs and synthetic dyes has been of interests in the environmental science especially in the environmental microbiology. Mushrooms are fungal groups that function as primary degraders of wood polyphenolic lignin. The ligninolytic enzymes produced by mushroom, including manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase, mediate the oxidative degradation of lignin. The catalytic power of these enzymes in the degradation of aromatic ring compounds has been sought for the degradation of various organic compounds. In this project, we have screened 60 wild mushroom strains for their degradation activity against two representative PAHs, naphthalene and anthracene, and five aromatic dyes, including alizarin red S, crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, rose bengal. The degradation of PAHs was measured by GC while the decolorization of dyes was measured by both UV spectrophotometer and HPLC. As results, 9 wild mushroom strains showed high activity in degradation of PAHs and textile dyes. We also describe the secretive enzyme activities, the transcription levels, and cloning of target genes. In conjunction with this, activities of degradative enzymes, including laccase, lignin peroxidase, and Mn peroxidase, were measured in the liquid medium in the presence of PAHs and dyes. Our results showed that the laccase activity was directed correlated with the degradation, indicating that the main enzyme acts on PAHs and dyes is the laccase. The laccase activity was further simulated by the addition of $Cu^{2+}$ ion. Detailed studies of the enzyme system should be sought for future applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

Cytochrome P450 14${\alpha}$-sterol demethylase enzyme (CYP51) is the target a of azole type antifungals. The azole blocks the ergosterol synthesis and thereby inhibits fungal growth. A three-dimensional (3D) homology model of CYP51 from Candida albicans was constructed based on the X-ray crystal structure of CYP51 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using this model, the binding modes for the substrate (24-methylene-24, 25-dihydrolanosterol) and the known inhibitors (fluconazole, voriconazole, oxiconazole, miconazole) were predicted from docking. Virtual screening was performed employing Structure Based Focusing (SBF). In this procedure, the pharmacophore models for database search were generated from the protein-ligands interactions each other. The initial structure-based virtual screening selected 15 compounds from a commercial available 3D database of approximately 50,000 molecule library, Being evaluated by a cell-based assay, 5 compounds were further identified as the potent inhibitors of Candida albicans CYP51 (CACYP51) with low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range. BMD-09-01${\sim}$BMD-09-04 MIC range was 0.5 ${\mu}$g/ml and BMD-09-05 was 1 ${\mu}$g/ml. These new inhibitors provide a basis for some non-azole antifungal rational design of new, and more efficacious antifungal agents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3590-3594
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• 2014

Blue phosphorescent $(dfpypy)_2Ir(mppy)$, where dfpypy = 2',6'-difluoro-2,3'-bipyridine and mppy = 5-methyl-2-phenylpyridine, has been synthesized by newly developed effective method and its solid state structure and photoluminescent properties are investigated. The glass-transition and decomposition temperature of the compound appear at $160^{\circ}C$ and $360^{\circ}C$, respectively. In a crystal packing structure, there are two kinds of intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding ($C-H{\cdots}F$) and edge-to-face $C-H{\cdots}{\pi}(py)$ interaction. This compound emits bright blue phosphorescence with ${\lambda}_{max}=472nm$ and quantum efficiencies of 0.23 and 0.32 in fluid and the solid state. The emission band of the compound is red-shifted by 40 nm relative to homoleptic congener, $Ir(dfpypy)_3$. The ancillary ligand in $(dfpypy)_2Ir(mppy)$ has been found to significantly destabilize HOMO energy, compared to $Ir(dfpypy)_3$, $(dfpypy)_2Ir(acac)$ and $(dfpypy)_2Ir(dpm)$, without significantly changing LUMO energy.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2020

Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN; NH₃OHNO₃) is an ionic energy material having a low melting temperature and vapor pressure with a high oxygen balance. To utilize it as an oxidizer for a high content liquid mono-propellant, a dual solvent was used to obtain HAN in a solid particulate form. The dehydrated crystal from an aqueous HAN was washed with dual organic solvents including acetone and ethanol, finally resulting in the moisture content of 13.8 wt%. When acetone was applied as a single solvent, the maximum synthesis yield of 88%, the HAN content evaluated by TGA of 86.2%, and the decomposition temperature ranged 160℃ to 205℃ were achieved.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 1989

Cultivated pearls, composed of aragonite crystals, show two distinctive layers: nacreous and conchiolin organic layers. Each aragonite crystal is surrounded by organic matrix, which probably consists of amino acids. Nucleus, surrounded by pearl layer, also consists of nacreous crystals, suggesting that there is a close mineralogical and ultrasturctural relationship between pearl and nucleus. Carbon isotopic values of cultivated pearls are within the range of marine carbonate carbon. Oxygen isotopic composition indicates that the temperature for the growth of pearl and pearl oyster ranges from 16.4 to $21.4^{\circ}C$ and from 15.5 to $24.8^{\circ}C$, corresponding to the summer temperature range of the cultivating area. Elemental composition of pearl, pearl oyster, and nucleus shows that there is a difference in chemical composition depending upon the original mineralogy and the chemical composition of water in which shells grow. Especially, a strong relationship exists between pearl and the inner layer of pearl oyster because both are composed of nacreous aragonite and formed in a shallow marine environment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

This study examined the feasibility of phosphorus removal from dewatering centrate/filtrate in wastewater treatment by struvite formation. Since dewatering centrate/filtrate obtained after anaerobic digestion contains a high content of ammonia, magesium addition and pH adjustment could remove phosphorous. The optimum magnesium dose, reaction time, settling time, and pH value was found at 2 mol Mg/mol $PO_4^{3-}$, 10 min, 120 min, and 8.5, respectively. A bench-scale continuous operation at the optimum condition showed 80% of total phosphorus removal and 82% of phosphate removal in dewatering centrate. The elemental composition and crystal structure of the chemical precipitate was similar to the reported values of struvite.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to determine microstructure, chemical composition and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite for mouth teeth using optical microscopy and electron microscopy as well as electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Enamel, a protective cover to the teeth, consisted of rods oriented in regular and had relatively higher crystallinity and Ca component. In contrast, dentin showed a sponge-like microstructure with circular holes which were passages of dentinal tubules, and had higher Mg component than the enamel region due to its higher organic content. Hydroxyapatite crystals appeared as large rods in enamel, but as small needles in dentin. Their electron diffraction patterns were different by their crystallinity as well as by the organic content of the matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2010

Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) for transparent electrodes of various optoelectronic devices, such as liquid crystal displays (LCD) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED). However, indium has become increasingly expensive and rare because of its limited resources. In addition, ITO thin films have some problems for OLED and flexible displays, such as imperfect work function, chemical instability, and high deposition temperature. Therefore, multi-component TCO materials have been reported as anode materials. Among the various materials, IZTO thin films have been gained much attention as anode materials due to their high work function, good conductivity, high transparency and low deposition temperature. IZTO thin films with a thickness of 200nm were deposited on Corning glass substrate at different substrate temperature by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with a sintered ceramic target of IZTO (In2O3 70 wt%, ZnO 15 wt%, SnO2 15 wt%). We investigated the electrical, optical, structural properties of IZTO thin films. As the substrate temperature is increased, the electrical properties of IZTO are improved. All IZTO thin films have good optical properties, which showed an average of transmittance over 80%. These IZTO thin films were used to fabricate organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as anode and the device performances studied. As a result, IZTO has utility value of TCO electrode although it reduced indium and we expect it is possible for the IZTO to apply to flexible display due to the low processing temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2010

Transparent conduction oxides (TCOs) films is extensively reported for optoelectronic devices application such as touch panels, solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs). Among the many TCO film, indium tin oxide(ITO) is in great demand due to the growth of flat panel display industry. However, indium is not only high cost but also its deposits dwindling. Therefore, many studies are being done on the transparent conductive oxides(TCOs). We fabricated a target of IZTO(In2O3:ZnO:SnO2=70:15:15 wt.%) reduced indium. Then, IZTO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with various oxygen flow ratio. The substrate temperature was fixed at the room temperature. We investigated the electrical, optical, structural properties of IZTO thin films. The electrical properties of IZTO thin films were dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the most excellent properties of IZTO thin films were obtained at the 3% of oxygen flow rate with the low resistivity of $7.236{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$. And also the optical properties of IZTO thin films were shown the good transmittance over 80%. These IZTO thin films were used to fabricated organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) as anode and the device performances studied. The OLED with an IZTO anode deposited at optimized deposition condition showed good brightness properties. Therefore, IZTO has utility value of TCO electrode although it reduced indium and we expect it is possible for the IZTO to apply to flexible display due to the low processing temperature.